virtualization and san basics for dbas
TRANSCRIPT
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VMs, SAN, SQL:The Big Threes
Brent OzarQuest Software
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I’m Your Host: Brent Ozar• Microsoft Certified
Master• SQL Server MVP• Quest Software• Past Lives: DBA, SAN,
VMware admin• www.BrentOzar.com• Twitter: @BrentO
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Today’s Big Threes• 3 “Nevers” for VMs• 3 “Always” for SAN• 3 Metrics for Both
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Some Definitions
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Our Host• 2 Sockets
4 Cores Each• 64GB RAM• 1 Terabyte SAN
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The Brochure Says…
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CPU Scheduling
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CPU Scheduling
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CPU Scheduling
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Not So Fast!
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Never Overallocate vCPUs• Less is More• Every Tick Matters• Minimize CPU Work• Don’t Be Strict
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So What About Memory?• Host: 64GB• Guest: 16GB• Other Guests: 32GB
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So What About Memory?• Host: 64GB• Guest: 16GB• Other Guests: 80GB
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How Hypervisors Cope• Host page file• Dedupe memory
(page sharing)• Keep guest OS
memory freed up• Learn more in
my bookmarks:http://delicious.com/brento/balloon
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Never Use Automatics• Set SQL Server’s
min/max memory• Set VMware’s
reservation size• Use locked pages
carefully
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Physical Storage Setup
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In Virtualization…
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Behind the Curtain
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Behind the Curtain
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Think You’re Alone?
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Never Assume VMs are Alone • Guests move• Guests get created• Competition:
virus scans, scheduled tasks, backups
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Always Know Your Neighbors• Same disks• Same cache• Same controller• Same SAN• Ask:
– Usage pattern?– Scheduled jobs?– Antivirus?
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Design Storage as a Whole• Backup schedules• Backup methods• Backup targets• Use differentials• Stagger job times• Reconfigure antivirus
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Typical SAN Components• Drive enclosures• Controllers (& Cache)• Switch networks• Host Bus Adapters• HBA Drivers• Servers
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Lots of Paths for Data
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What Does Active/Active Mean?• One path per LUN• Sending vs receiving• Network design• Post-failover stickiness
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Got High Speed?
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So You Tested This Too, Right?
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Always Test First with SQLIO• Doesn’t use SQL Server• Doesn’t mimic SQL Server• Doesn’t return SQL metrics• Therefore: SAN guys love it!
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The Easy Way
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SQLIO ResultsE:\Program Files (x86)\SQLIO>sqlio -kW -t2 -s120 -dM -o1 -frandom -b64 -BH -LS Testfile.dat sqlio v1.5.SGusing system counter for latency timings, -1361967296 counts per second2 threads writing for 120 secs to file M:Testfile.dat
using 64KB random IOsenabling multiple I/Os per thread with 1 outstandingbuffering set to use hardware disk cache (but not file cache)
using current size: 24576 MB for file: M:Testfile.datinitialization doneCUMULATIVE DATA:throughput metrics:IOs/sec: 1539.50MBs/sec: 96.21latency metrics:Min_Latency(ms): 0Avg_Latency(ms): 0Max_Latency(ms): 572histogram:ms: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24+%: 66 32 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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Good Numbers, Bad News• iSCSI
– 1GB = 125 MB/sec– 10GB = 1250 MB/sec
• Fibre Channel:– 2GB = 250 MB/sec– 4GB = 500 MB/sec
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Which Causes An Outage?• New neighbors• RAID restripe• Drive failure• Cable change• Firmware change• Switch upgrade• Controller reboot
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Where Will You See Changes?• Windows event log• SQL Server logs• Profiler traces• Net Send popups• Your dreams at night
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Always Be Checking
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My 3 Favorite Metrics• Physical Disk:
Avg Sec/Read and Write• System:
Processor Queue Length• SQL Server Memory:
Page Life Expectancy
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It’s Not All Bad News!• Easier scaling• Less firmware outages• No leased hardware cycles• Easier disaster recovery• Easier dinosaur handling
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Wrapping It Up• Virtualization Nevers:
– Overallocate vCPUs– Use automatics– Assume your VM is alone
• SAN Always’s:– Know your neighbors– Test first with SQLIO– Be checking
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http://www.BrentOzar.com/go/virtual
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Our Book• Internals:
– Memory– Locking– Storage
• Troubleshooting:– Perfmon/Profiler– RML Utilities– SQLNexus
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Our Authors• Christian Bolton
MVP, MCM, MCAFormer Microsoft PFE
• Justin LangfordFormer MS PFE
• Brent OzarMCM, MVP
• James Rowland-JonesMVP, EMC Consulting
• Steven WortMicrosoft Developer
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Paperbacks & PDF Versions:SQLServerTroubleshooting.com