virginia department of criminal justice services a campus consideration introduction to crime...

Virginia Department of Criminal Justice Services

www.dcjs.virginia.gov

Introduction to Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design

A Campus Consideration

Rick Arrington, CPS, NCPS II

[email protected]


www.dcjs.virginia.gov 2

CPTED Defined:

• The proper design and effective use of the built environment can lead to a reduction in the fear and incidence of crime and an improvement in the quality of life.

Proper Design

+ Effective Use…….

= Safer Environment



CPTED goes beyond addressing only the criminal element to also address:

• the potential crime location, • potential victims • and witnesses of crimes as

prevention tools, based upon various disciplines of study.



Contributing Fields

CPTED

Architecture

Criminology

Sociology

Psychology

Jane Jacobs, 1961C. Ray Jeffrey, 1971Oscar Newman, 1972

T. Crowe, R. Clarke, etc.



Context

• The CPTED Strategies may be viewed in a context of “Situational Crime Prevention” and with consideration of the criminal “rational choice”.

– “Human beings base their behavior on rational calculations when making choices, their choices are aimed at optimization of their pleasure or profit.”



Applications should be designed to be capable of:

*Increasing the risk

*Increasing the effort required

*Reducing the reward

*Removing the excuses for unauthorized persons, actions etc.

Situational Crime Prevention- Successful Case Studies 1997 by Ron V. Clarke, PhD.



Strategy 1- Surveillance

• Maximize visibility – Lighting

• Create legitimate activities by legitimate users

• Provide open sightlines and enhanced reaction time.

• Use of guardians (neighbors, casual passers, volunteers, security etc.)



Strategy 2- Access Control

• Guide people to safer spaces. – Accomplished through; placement

of entrances, exits, fencing, landscaping, trail surfacing, colors and signage.

UNIVERSITY OF CPTED



Strategy 3- Territoriality

• The use of physical attributes that express ownership by legitimate users.

• This design concept aims to extend a sphere of influence over a property, why?



Strategy 4- Maintenance

• Based on the Broken Windows Theory of prevention, which asserts that well maintained areas demonstrate someone cares for the space and may be watching, thereby discouraging illegal behaviors.



CPTED enables us to:

1. Move people to safer locations

2. Make better use of limited resources

3. Create legitimate use for unassigned space

4. Avoid the fortress appearance while maintaining safety measures

5. Conduct physical security assessments to suggest methods of enhancing security and safety



History

In 1998 the New Partnership Commission for

Community Safety was created by Governor’s

Executive Order to advise the Governor on

new initiatives to “promote community safety”.

In an effort to bring recognition to exemplary

programs they identified, the Commission

developed the Governor’s New Partnership

Community Safety Awards.



The Commission tasked the Department of Criminal Justice Services (DCJS) to recommend programs that fostered the development of community safety initiatives at the local level.

The Certified Crime Prevention Community (CCPC) program was developed to that end.



Higher Education-History

• 2004 the Virginia State Crime Commission study of safety at Virginia's institutions of higher education resulted in:

– Office of Campus Policing and Security

(OCPS) and,– Minimum standards for employment, job-

entry and in-service training curricula, and certification requirements for campus security officers.



The success of Virginia’s institutions of higher education resulted in:

– Many best practices in the prevention of crime and intervention to precursors of crime,

– Desire to publicly recognize institutions for their efforts in prevention of crime,

– Creation in 2013 of the Certified Crime Prevention Campus program.



Program Benefits

• Preference in DCJS Byrne Grant

• Marketing the College or University

• Strengthens federal grants applications

requiring a demonstration of collaboration.

• Provides an excellent measure of

prevention programs, identifies resources

and serves as a quick reference historical

document.



Certification Process

• The process is the same for all colleges and universities.

• The evaluation is not a comparison to others but evaluates what your institution is doing with your resources.

SmallResources BIG

Resources



Certification Process

The process for certification consists of five phases:

Enrollment;

Application Development;

Application Review;

Verification; and

Board Review.



Enrollment

Potential applicants must first enroll in the

program before submitting any part of the CCP

Campus application.

Applicants are required to complete a:

Statement of Intent and a Resolution of

Participation form

Once DCJS receives both forms, the locality is

officially enrolled in the program.



Application Development

Once enrolled, the locality begins to develop its CCP Campus application by preparing detailed summaries.

Localities have twelve months to complete this process and may apply for an extension of up to six months if necessary.



Application Development

DCJS will provide the Coordinator a suggested method of organizing the work in completing the application, providing the required proofs and facilitating easy review.

DCJS staff has developed a review method that allows the applicant to maximize their completion of the application and shorten the review time required.



Summaries Submission/Review

Summaries include:• program history, • program operation,• goals and objectives, • major accomplishments to

date, and • an evaluation of each core

and optional program element.



Questions???

• Take time now to look at the Brochure and ask your questions regarding the particular elements, developing the history , accomplishments etc.



Review and On-site Verification

Once all elements are approved and finalized, the

applicant will submit a hard copy with related

proofs attached to DCJS staff for action.

Once the subcommittee has reviewed the full

application they will determine their

recommendation for the full CJSB.

Recommendations may be:

-denial,

-approval,

-approval with conditions or,

-extension for additional information to be

received.



Approval

• DCJS Crime Prevention Staff will arrange for presentation of the first street sign and framed recognition. – Additional signs may be purchased by the

applicant.– Appropriate venue for the official

presentation will be selected by applicant and coordinated with DCJS staff.

• Applicants must undergo a recertification process every three years.



Final Questions?

Rick Arrington

804-371-0863

[email protected]

virginia department of criminal justice services a campus consideration introduction to crime...

Documents

criminal element

university of cpted

criminal rational choice

proper design effective

design concept

use of physical attributes

use of guardians neighbors

prevention tools