VIRAL DISEASES Eg:Chicken Pox

Dengue Fever Rabies Encephalitis

VIRAL DISEASESViral diseases are extremely

widespread infections caused by viruses, a type of microorganism

Many types of viruses that cause a wide variety of viral diseases

The most common type of viral disease is the common cold, which is caused by a viral infection of the upper respiratory tract (nose and throat).

Other common viral diseases are chicken pox, dengue fever, rabies in dogs and encephalitis

Ebola virus

CHICKEN

POX

Highly contagious disease caused by primary infection with varicella zoster virus (VZV).a zoster virus (VZV)

It usually starts with a vesicular skin rash mainly on the body and head rather than on the limbs. The rash develops into itchy, raw pockmarks, which mostly heal without scarring.

Airborne disease which spreads easily through coughing or sneezing by ill individuals or through direct contact with secretions from the rash.

observed in other primates, including chimpanzees and gorillas.

Electron micrograph of VZV virus

SYMPTOMS OF CHICKEN POX Nausea, loss of

appetite, aching muscles, and headache

The typical symptom of chicken pox is a red itchy skin rash that can spread to almost everywhere on the body. The rash is often preceded by fewer and other flu-like symptoms. Blisters occur on the palms, soles, and genital area.

Symptoms of chickenpox appear 10 to 21 days after exposure to a contagious person. Adults may have a more widespread rash and longer fever, and they are more likely to experience complications.

Chickenpox blisters on the lower leg of an 8 year old female 4 days after onset of blisters.

PROPHYLAXISHygiene measures

Vaccination

SYMPTOMS OF DENGUE FEVERo Symptoms include fever, headache,

muscle and joint pains, and a characteristic skin rash that is similar to measles

o Resulting in bleeding, low levels of blood platelets and blood plasma leakage

o The incubation period (time between exposure and onset of symptoms) ranges from 3 to 14 days, but most often it is 4 to 7 days

o The characteristic symptoms of dengue are sudden-onset fever, headache (typically located behind the eyes), muscle and joint pains, and a rash. The alternative name for dengue, "break bone fever", comes from the associated muscle and joint pains

PROPHYLAXIS• Governmental

initiatives to decrease mosquitoes also help to keep the disease in check but have been poorly effective.

• To prevent mosquito bites, wear long pants and long sleeves.

• For personal protection, use mosquito repellant sprays that contain DEET when visiting places where dengue is endemic.

Rabies is a zoonotic disease (a disease that is transmitted from animals to humans

Caused by -- Rabies virus.

Transmission of the virus is achieved by entering the body through wounds (e.g. scratches) or by direct contact with mucosal surfaces from an infected animal (e.g. bites), it cannot cross intact skin

Two clinical manifestations of rabies – furious and paralytic. Furious rabies is most common form of human rabies.

Rabies is known to be present in more than 150 countries and territories and on all continents except Antarctica.

Electron micrograph of rabies

SYMPTOMS OF RABIESInflammation of the brain, and early

symptoms include fever and tingling at the site of exposure

Violent movements, uncontrolled excitement, fear of water, an inability to move parts of the body, confusion, and loss of consciousness

Incubation periods as short as four days and longer than six years have been documented, depending on the location and severity of the contaminated wound and the amount of virus introduced.

Signs and symptoms may soon expand to slight or partial paralysis, anxiety, insomnia, confusion, agitation, abnormal behavior, paranoia, terror, and hallucinations, progressing to delirium. The person may have hydrophobia.

PROPHYLAXIXVaccinating dogs, cats, rabbits, and ferrets

against rabies

Keeping pets under supervision

Not handling wild animals or strays

Contacting an animal control officer upon observing a wild animal or a stray, especially if the animal is acting strangely

If bitten by an animal, washing the wound with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes and contacting a healthcare provider to determine if post-exposure prophylaxis is required

September 28 is World Rabies Day, which promotes the information, prevention, and elimination of the disease

ENCEPHALITIS

Is an acute inflammation of brain

Caused by both bacterial and viral

The most common causes of acute viral encephalitis are rabies virus, Herpes simplex, poliovirus, measles virus, varicella zoster virus, and JC virus.[John Cunningham virus]

The incidence of acute encephalitis in Western countries is 7.4 cases per 100,000 population per year. In tropical countries, the incidence is 6.34 per 100,000 per year. During 2010 it caused about 120,000 deaths, down from 144,000 in 1990.

Herpes simplex encephalitis has an incidence of 2–4 per million population per year.

SYMPTOMS OF ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS Headache, fever, confusion,

drowsiness, and fatigue

More advanced and serious symptoms include seizures or convulsions, tremors, hallucinations, stroke, hemorrhaging, and memory problems.

Viral encephalitis can occur either as a direct effect of an acute infection, or as one of the sequel of a latent infection.

Paralysis, disorientation, and muscle weakness

Irritability and poor appetite

PROPHYLAXIS

Practice good hygiene

Don't share utensils.

Teach your children good habits

Get vaccinations