vikasanavum susthira teyila krishiyum

1

hnIk\hpw kpÿnc tXbne Ir-jnbpw

2


tIcfØnse sNdpInS kwcw`I {]h¿Ø\ßƒ -

hnIk\hpw kpÿnc tXbne Ir-jnbpw:

3


43, 2nd Cross, Ramaya LayoutSt. Thomas Town PostKammanahalliBangalore 560 084, Indiawww.prakruthi.org

Published byPrakruthi

TM

Compiled and Edited by V A Augustine, PrakruthiDesign and Layout by Rajesh M VPrinted at National Printing Press, Bangalore

hnIk\hpw kpÿnc tXbne Ir-jnbpw:

tIcfØnse sNdpInS kwcw`I {]h¿Ø\ßƒ -

ISO 9001:2008 Certified Organisation

ISBN: 978-81-908155-3-6

© 2010, Edition - first

4


DffS°w

apJhpc 5

Biw-k 7

BapJw 9

tXbn-e-bpsS Ncn{Xw 12

C¥ybn¬ tXbne Bcw`hpw hym]-\hpw 14

hSs° hb-\m-´nse tXbn-e- Ir-jnhym]\w 16

C¥ybpsS kºØv hyhÿ-bn¬ tXbn-e-bpsS ]¶v 19

hb\mSv At{Km aqhvsa‚v So Iº\nbpsS cq]n-I-c-Whpw

{]h¿Ø\ßfpw 21

{]Ir-Xn, tkmfn-Um-cn-UmUv kao-]-\ßfpw {]h¿Ø\ßfpw 24

D‰vkv So t{]mPIvSn-s‚ hnI-k\ kao-]\w 25

hb\mSv At{Km aqhvsa‚v So Iº-\n-bn¬ D‰vkvv So t{]mPIvSns‚

Bcw`-hpw {]h¿Ø\ßfpw 30

GIXm˛D‰vkv So t{]mP-IvSns‚ {][m\ e£yßfpw, {]-h¿Ø\

taJ-e-bpw 34

D‰vkv So t{]mP-IvSn-s‚ t\´-ßƒ 33

KpW-\n-c-hm-c-ap≈ Nmb D¬∏m-Zn-∏n-°m≥ So t_m¿Uns‚ \n¿t±-i-ßƒ 41

5


Bhm-k-hy-h-ÿ-bpsS \ne-\nev∏pw XpS¿kwc-£-Whpw, Pew, aÆv, ssPh-

k-ºØv, XpS-ßnb ASn-ÿm\ hn -̀h-ß-tfmSp≈ ka-tbm-Pn-X-amb a\p-jys‚

Btcm-Ky-]-chpw imkv{Xo-b-hp-amb CS-s]-S-ep-I-fpw, \ap°pw hcpw

Xeapdbv°pw th≠n-bp≈ ssIam-‰-hp-am-Wv bYm¿∞ hnI-k\w. A-Sn-ÿm\

hn-`-h-ß-fpsS kzm`-m-hnI DZv]m-Z\£aX h¿≤n∏n®v, _mlyLS-I-ß-fpsS

\nb-{¥n-X- D]-tbm-K-Øn-eqsS KpW-ta∑ Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-Ibpw, Dev∏-∂-ßƒ°v

kpÿnc hn]Wn Is≠Øn kmº-ØnI {Z-Xbpw, ̀ -£y-kp-c-£bpw, ka-{K-hn-

I-k-\hpw, Dd∏phcp-Øp-hm-\p≈ hnI-k\ kao-]-\-amWv kzoI-cn-t°-≠Xv.

C∂v KpW-ta-∑-bp≈ Dev∏-∂-ßƒ°v tZiob A¥¿tZ-iob hn]-Wn-bn¬

ÿm\w ]nSn-°-W-sa-¶n¬ aq√ym-[n-jvSn-Xhpw kmaqly {]Xn-_-‘-Xbpw Dd∏p

hcp-Øn-bm¬ am{Xta Ign-bq. AXv hgn ]pØ≥ kao-]-\-ßfpw _Z¬ hmWnPy

kwkv°m-chpw cq]-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. Cu kwkv°m-c-Øn-s‚ hnπ-hm-fl-I-amb

hf¿®-bn¬ Irjn-bp-sS ka{K hf¿®-sb-°p-dn-®pw, hn`h-ß-fpsS D]-tbm-K-

sØ-°p-dn-®pw, imkv{Xob ]T-\-ßfpw kpÿn-chpw, B-tcm-Ky-]-c-hp-amb

{]h¿Ø\ß-fpw, \S-tØ-≠Xv A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. CXn-s‚ ̀ -mK-ambn ]›n-a-L-´-

Øn-s‚ `-mKhpw ssPh-k-º-Øp-sIm≠v A\p-{K-lo-X-hp-amb hb-\m-´n¬,

hb-\mSv At{Km aqhn-sa‚v So Iº\n Icn-am\nbpambn kl-I-cn®v tXbne

taJ-e-bn¬ D‰vkv So s{]mPIvSv \S-∏n-em°n hcp-∂p.- Kp-W-ta-∑-bp≈,

km-aq-ly- {]-Xn-_-‘-X-bp≈ Nmb-bn-eqsS sNdp-InS I¿j-I-cp-sS-bpw, sXm-gn-

em-fn-I-fp-sS-bpw, CXc KpW-t -̀m-‡m-°-fp-sS-bpw, ka{KhnI-k-\-amWv e£yw.

Cu s{]m-PIvSv \S-∏n-em-°p-∂-Xn\v Rßsf klm-bn-°p∂ Icn-am\n hmw So

Iº-\n-sbbpw tkmfn-Um-cn-Um-Un-s\-bpw,- k-l-Im-cn-I-sf-bpw,- kvt\-l-tØmsS

apJhpc

43, 2nd Cross, Ramaya LayoutSt. Thomas Town Post

KammanahalliBangalore 560 084, India

www.prakruthi.org

6


kvacn-°p-∂p.- Z-£n-tW¥ybn¬ tXbn-e-bpsS hym]-\-sØ-∏-‰n-bpw,- sN-dpInS

tXbne I¿j-I-cpsS temI-Ønse BZysØ kwcw-`-amb D‰vkv So s{]m-P-IvSn-

s\-∏-‰nbpw Adnhv \evIp-hm≥ hnIk\hpw kpÿnc tXbne Ir-jnbpw F∂

]pkvXIw {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-hm≥ Ign-™-Xn¬ {]IrXn°v Gsd kt¥m-jhpw

Nmcn-Xm¿∞y-hp-ap-≠v.

Cu ]pkvXIw Gh¿°pw KpW-{]-Z-am-bn-Øo-cs´ F∂m-iw-kn-°p-∂p.

kvt\l-]q¿Δw,

{]tamZv tPm¨

FIvknIyq´ohv UbcIvS¿

{]IrXn

7


Biw-k

Rev. Dr. James Purathail CSTManaging DirectorWAM Tea Co. Ltd.

Karimani, Wayand Dsit.Kerala

]c-kv]-c- _‘ap≈ kw`h-ßƒ Dd-™p-Iq-Sn-b-XmWv Ncn-{Xw. Ncn-{X-Øn\v

aÆns‚ aWhpw \nd-hp-ap-≠v. hnb¿∏ns‚ Dujva-f-X-bp-ap-≠v. krjvSm-hmb

ssZhw krjvSn I¿ΩØn¬ ]q¿ÆX shfnhm°n-s°m-≠ncn°p-∂p.

AhnSpsØ A\p-Icn-°p-Ibpw ]≤-Xn-bn¬ ]¶p-]-‰p-Ibpw sNøp∂

a\pjy\pw {]h¿Øn-bnepw ImgvN-∏m-Snepw ]q¿Æ-\m-bn-cn-°-Ww. a\p-jy≥

X\n°p e`n-®n-cn-°p∂ _p≤nbpw Ign-hp-Ifpw D]-tbm-Kn®v NqjWw sNømsX

`qansb kwc-£n-°-Ww. a\p-jy≥ Im¿jn-I-hr-Øn-sb- A-h-K-Wn-°p-∂Xv hgn

A\y-\m-I-Ww. a\p-jy≥ X∂n-te°v Xncn™v hnNn-¥\w sNtø≠ ka-b-am-bn.

Im¿jn-I-ta-J-e-bn¬ D≠m-bn-´p≈ Dƒ°m-gvNbpw \qX-\m-hn-jv°m-c-ßfpw

F√m- I¿j-I-cn-te°pw {]IrXn kvt\ln-I-fn-te°pw FtØ-≠-Xm-Wv.

Icn-am\n hmw So Iº-\n-°p-th-≠n-bp≈ D‰vkv (UTZ) k¿´n^n-t°-j≥

F∂Xv ]T-\-Øn-t‚bpw ]cnioe\-Øn-t‚bpw \o≠ {]{Inb Bbn-cp-∂p.

CXns‚ \n¿Δ-lW GP≥kn {]IrXnbmWv. ^mIvS-dn-bp-sSbpw, Im¿jn-I-

kw-K-a-Øn-eqsSbpap-≈ kwhm-Z-ß-fn-eq-sSbpamWv e£y-Øn¬ FØn-t®¿∂Xv

\ne-\n¬∏p≈ KpW-\n-e-hmcw (Sustainable quality) F∂Xm-bn-cp∂p

e£y-an-́ -Xv.

tXbne sNSn-Iƒ Im¿jnI kμ¿i\ ]T\ ]cn-]m-e-\-bn-eqsS Btcm-Ky-

ap-≈Xpw D¬∏m-Z-\-tijnbp≈Xpam-I-Ww. \√ sImfpØv ^mIvS-dn-bn-se-

Ø-Ww. ̂ mIvdn kwhn-[m-\-ß-fn¬ tPmen-°m¿°pw, sajo-\p-Iƒ°pw G‰hpw

KpW-\n-e-hm-c-ap-≈Xpw hio-I-cn-°p∂ kuμ-cyhpw BI¿j-I-amb \nd-ap≈

tXbne D¬∏m-Zn -∏n -°p-hm≥ X°-hÆw £a-Xbpw ss\]p-Wyhpw

8


D≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww. \ne-\n¬°p-∂Xpw \nc-¥-c-hp-amb KpW-\n-e-hm-chpw KpW-

\n¿Æ-bhpw hgn D¬∏-∂-Øn\v am¿°‰v ]nSn-®p-]-‰m\pw D]-t`m-‡m-hn\v kwXr-

]vXnbpw \¬Ip-hm≥ km[n-°-Ww.

kmaqly {]Xn-_-‘X B]vX-hm-Iy-am-°n-bn-cn-°p∂ {]IrXn F∂

{]ÿm\w G‰hpw \√ ̂ ew Df-hm-°p-hm≥ {]h¿Ø\ \nc-Xhpw {]Xn-PvRm-

_-‘-hp-am-Wv. hmw So Iº\nsb∂ Iq´mbva Bflm¿∞-ambpw. KpW-\n-e-hm-

c-ap≈ tXbne D¬∏m-Z-\-Øn-\mbn bXv\n-°p∂ I¿j-I¿ F√m {]Xn-Iqe

kml-N-cy-ß-sfbpw AXn-Po-hn-®p-sIm≠v KpW-\n-e-hmcw Dd-∏m-°p-hm≥

{]h¿Øn-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ KpW-\n-e-hmcw kpÿn-c-am-°p-hm≥ C\nbpw

hfsc apt∂m´p t]mtI-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

{]kvXpX e£y-Øn-se-Øp-hm≥ Cu ]pkvXIw \nd-™p-\n¬°p-∂Xv

{]kvXm-hy-amb \n¿t±-i-ßfpw, A\p-̀ hpw, Adnhpw, Z¿i-\hpw Znim-hn-jv°-

cWhpam-Wv. Cu ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ Xmfp-Iƒ t]mse-bmWv CXn\p ]n∂n¬

{]h¿Øn-®-h-sc√mw {]tXy-In®v {]Ir-Xnsb kvt\ln-°p∂ {]Ir-Xn°v

A`n-\-μ-\-ßƒ.

Icn-am\n

20.09.2010 ^m. Pbnwkv ]pd-Ø-bn¬ CST

9


]›n-a-L´ Bhm-khyhÿ-bpsS `mK-ambn kap-{Z-\n-c-∏n¬ \n∂pw 3500-

˛4000 ASn Db-c-Øn¬ ÿnXn sNøp∂ `q{]-tZ-i-amWv hb-\mSv Pn√.

tIc-f-Øn¬ \n∂pw D¬`-hn®v Ing-t°m´v HgpIn _wKmƒ Dƒ°-S-en¬

]Xn-°p∂ I_\n \Zn-bp-sSbpw t]mj-I-\-Zn-I-fp-sSbpw \Zo-X-S-kw-kv°m-c-

amWv hb-\m-Sn-\p-≈-Xv. ssPh-kwºpjvSamb hb-\mń¬ \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ°v apºv

Xs∂ a\pjyhmk-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂Xmbn Ncn-{X-Im-c≥am¿ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-́ p-≠v.

ssP\ Aº-e-ßƒ, F-S-°¬ Kpl, Sn-∏phns‚ ]S-tbm´w, ho-c-]-g-»n-bpsS

NcnXw, Ip-Sn-tb‰ I¿j-I-cpsS Ncn-{Xw, ]pcm-X\ Aº-e-ßƒ, ]≈n-Iƒ,

h≈nbq¿°mhv D¬k-hßƒ,- P∑n˛IpSn-bm≥, A-Sna°-®hS k{º-Zm-bw,

Xncp-s\√n ]m]-\min\n, ]p¬∏≈n koXm-tZhn t£{Xw, tImtdmw,- _m-h-en,-

hm-cmw-º‰ ap…nw ]≈n-Iƒ, ]-≈n-°p∂v, Np≠, am\-¥-hmSn, {InkvXy≥

]≈n-Iƒ XpSßn-bh hb-\mSns‚ kwkv°m-c-sØbpw X\n-a-sbbpw kqNn∏n-

°p-∂p. hnimeamb s\¬∏m-S-ßfpw, N-Xp-∏v\n-e-ßfpw, sN-dp]pgIfpw,

tXm-Sp-Ifpw, ]q-t°mSv XSmIw XpS-ßn-b-hbpw hb-\m-Sn-s‚ ssPh -B-hm-k

hyhÿ-sbbpw ê-]p-jvSn-sbbpw kwc-£n®p t]mcp-∂p. hb¬\m-SmWv

]n∂oSv hb-\m-Smbn amdn-b-Xv. Ipcp-ap-f-Iv, a™ƒ, Im∏n XpS-ßnb Irjnbpw

kpK‘ hyRvP\ßfpw hb-\m-ń¬ kpe-`-am-bn-cp-∂p. Irjn-bp-ambn _‘-

s∏´v \nc-h[n BNm-cm-\p-jvSm-\-ßfpw kmwkv°m-cnI \mS≥ Iem-cq-]-ßfpw

D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. shfn-b≥, K-‘-I-im-e,- tNm-am-e,- sXm≠n XpS-ßnb s\¬hn-

Øp-Iƒ P\-{]oXn t\Sn-bn-cp∂p. H°¬ ]m´p-Iƒ, Imh¬ ]m´p-Iƒ

Ch-bn¬ {][m-\-ß-fm-Wv hb-\m-ń¬, Ipdp-a¿, ASn-b¿, ]Wn-b¿, Ipdn®y¿

XpS-ßn- ]-{¥-t≠m-fw BZn-hmkn hn`m-K-ßƒ D≠v. ]p¬∏≈n-bn¬ hm¬aoIn

BapJw

10


[ym\n-®n-cp∂ ÿew, koXm-tZhn Hfn-®p-Xm-a-kn-®n-cp∂ ÿew D≠m-bn-cp-∂-

Xmbn ]g-a-°m¿ ]d-bp-∂p.

`t£ymXv∏∂-Øn\v ap≥Xq°w sImSpØv Irjnsb I≠n-cp∂ Imew

D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ]mc-ºcy˛sshZy≥amcpw Bbp¿tΔZ NnIn¬km˛co-Xn-Ifpw

BtcmKytaJ-ebv°v DW¿Δpw kwc-£-Whpw \¬In-bn-cp-∂p.

{_nójv `c-W-tØm-S-\p-_-‘n®v \mWyhnf-Iƒ°v {]m[m\yw hcn-Ibpw

Im∏n,- tX-bne, XpS-ßnb Irjn-Iƒ hy]Im-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Bcw-̀ n-°p-Ibpw,

hmWnPy kwcw-̀ -ßƒ XpS-ßp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Xe-t»cn, tIm-gn-t°mSv, Ip‰ym-Sn

{]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw hb-\m-́ n-¬ h∂v I®-h-S-ßƒ \S-Øp∂ coXnbmbn-cp∂p

Bcw-̀ Im-eØv. C∂pw AXn-s‚ ]n≥Xe-ap-d-°m¿ hb-\m-ń¬ D≠v.

hS°v Ing°v sNcn™v InS-°p∂ sU°m≥ ]oT`q-an-tbmSv kam-\-amb

hb-\m-ń¬, Im∏n, tXbne Irjn-Iƒ°v A\¥km[yXIƒ D-s≠∂v

a\- n-em-°nb A∂sØ `cWIqShpw, I¿j-Icpw hym]-Im-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬

Irjn Bcw-`n-®p. 1889˛¬ tXbne hb-\m-ń¬ Bcw-`n-°p-Ibpw h≥InS

tXm´-ßƒ D≠m-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

Geography `qan-imkv{X]cw

{]tXyIX : hS°v Ing°v sNcnhv (]›n-a-L´w)

hnkvXo¿Æw : 2131 (N.-In.ao‰¿)

h\`qan : 37% (787N.-In.-ao-‰¿)

Irjn`qan : 53% (1143.N.-In.-ao-‰¿)

P\-km-{μX : 315

kv{Xo/]pcp A\p-]mXw : 966

{]Xn-io¿j hcp-am\w : 5263 (1992˛93 sk≥k-kv)

P\-kwJy : 672128 (1999˛se sk≥k-kv)

]m¿e-sa‚v aWvUew : hb-\mSv (H-∂v)

\nb-a-k`m aWvUew : hSs° hb-\mSv, _-tØcn, I¬∏‰

ap≥kn∏m-en‰n : I¬∏‰

]©m-bØv : Ccp-]-Øn-\mev

kap{Z\nc-∏n¬ \n∂pw Dbcw : 700˛900 msl

ag : 4903.6 mm

hb-\mSv

11


hSs° hb-\mSv

(hb-\mSv At{Km-aq-hvsa‚v So Iº\n {]h¿Ø\ taJe)

Geography `qan-imkv{X]cw

{]tXyIX : hS°v Ing°v sNcnhv

GI-tZi sNcnhv : 11047’˛30" and 110 49’30"

hS°v em‰n‰yqUv : 75051

Ing°v em‰n‰yqUv : 75053

ka-p{Z \nc-∏n¬ \n∂pw Dbcw : 700˛900 mþ(msl)

Xmgvhmcw/\o¿®m¬ sNcnhv : 3˛10%

: sN¶pØmb Ip∂p-Iƒ

(75 to 100 cm)

aÆv : Nph-∏p-I-e¿∂ Ifn aÆv

NpÆm-ºpw,- I-fn-aÆpw Ie¿∂ t{S aÆv

ag : 4903.6 mm

\nb-a-k`m aWvUew : H∂v

]©m-b-Øp-Iƒ : Ggv

12


kuØv CuÃv Gjy≥ cmPyßfn-emWv tXbne BZyambn Bcw`n-®Xv.

ssN-\-bn¬ BC 2737 ImeØv tXbne Irjn-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xmbn kqN-\-Iƒ

D≠v. acp-∂n\p th≠n tXbne Ah¿ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂p. Atambv (amoy)

`mj-bn¬ \n∂m-Wv Nmb F∂ ]Z-ap-≠m-bXv.

AD 1598˛emWv {_n´o-jp-Im¿ tXbn-e-bpsS D]-tbm-K-sØ°pdn-®-dn-™Xv.

Xp-S¿∂v 1660˛¬ t]m¿´pKokp-Imcpw tXbne D]-tbm-K-sØ-°p-dn®v

Adn-bp-Ibpw tXbne Irjn-bn-tebv°v Xm¬∏cytØmsS IS-∂p-h-cn-Ibpw

sNbvXp.1660˛\v tijw U®p-Im-cpsS tXbne taJ-e-bn-te°p≈ IS-∂p-hchv

Nmbsb km[m-c-W-°m-cpsS CjvS-]m-\n-b-ambn temIØn\v ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øn.

1610˛¬ BZyambn U®p-Im¿ tXbn-e-°v temI hn]Wn Xpd∂v sImSp-Øp.-

Xp-S¿∂v 1618˛¬- djy°mcpw 1648˛¬ {^©p-Imcpw, 17mw \q‰m-≠n-s‚ ]Ip-

Xn-bn¬ Atacn-°-°mcpw, Nmb-bpsS D]-tbmKw Ad-nbp-Ibpw, hmWnPycwKØv

Ah-cp-sS-Xmb ÿm\w Dd-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. 1650˛¬ ]q¿Δ˛-bqtdm]y≥

cmPyßƒ tXbn-esb DØ-a-]m-\n-b-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°m≥ XpS-ßn.

19˛mw \q‰m-≠n-s‚ Bcw -̀tØm-Sp-IqSn {_n´\pw djybpw tXbn-e-bpsS {][m\

D]-t`m-‡m-°-fm-bn amdn. C∂v hnI-kn-X,- A-hn-I-kn-X, hn-I-kzc cmPyßfn¬

km[m-c-W-°m-cpsS CjvS ]m\n-b-ambn Nmb hf¿∂p.

temI-Øn¬ 40˛Hmfw cmPyßfn¬ Nmb- hym]-ImSn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Irjn

sNbvXp- h-cp-∂p-≠v. C¥y, ssN\, -{io-e-¶,- sI\nb, Xp¿°n, C≥tUm-t\jy,

XpS-ßnb cmPyßƒ ap≥ \nc-bn-emWv. DZv]m-Z-\-Øn¬ C¥y°v temI-Øn¬

c≠mw ÿm\-am-Wp≈Xv.

tXbn-e-bpsS Ncn{Xw

1

13


2005˛¬ temI-Øn¬ BsI DZv]m-Z\w 3419.58 an√y¨ Intem-{Km-am-Wv.

CXn-s‚ 27.14%927.98 an√y¨ Intem{Kmw C¥ybn¬ \n∂m-Wv DZv]m-Zn-∏n-®-Xv.

ap≥]-¥n-bn-ep≈ ssN\-sb-°mƒ 6.88 an√y¨ Intem- (0.20%) BWv hyXymkw.

c≠v an√y¨ P\-ßƒ°v sXmgn-e-h-k-c-ßfpw tZiob kmº-ØnI taJ-e-bn¬

\n¿Æmb-I- kzm[o-\hpw tXbn-e°v t\Sn-sb-Sp-°p-hm≥ km[n-®p. 500˛apX¬

2000˛tØmfw G°¿ hnkvXo¿Æ-ap≈ tXbne tXm -́ßfpw, 25 sk‚v apX¬

25 G°¿ (10.12 slIvS¿) hsc-bp≈ sNdp-InS tXbne I¿j-Icpw C¥y

bnep-≠v. 2005 ¬ C¥ybnse BsI tXbne hnkvXo¿Æ-Øn-s‚ 14.5% Dw

DZv]m-Z-\-Øn-s‚ 11.1% Dw sNdp-InS tXbne I¿j-I-cpsS kw`m-h-\-bm-bn-

cp-∂p. F∂m¬ 2009˛¬ CXv 27%˛ambn hf¿® t\Sp-hm≥ Ign-™p.

]g-samgn

]q¿Δn-I¿ ]md-∏p-dØv sh≈w Xnf-∏n-®n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ ASp-Øp-\n∂ ac-Øn¬

\n∂pw Ce sh≈-Øn¬ hoWpsh∂pw, I-f¿ amdnb sh≈w IpSn® Ah¿°v

Zmlhpw, hn-i∏pw amdn, IcpØpw, Dt∑-jhpw, D≠mbn F∂pw ]d-b-s∏-

Sp-∂p. A∂p apX¬ Ce hoW acsØ Is≠-Øp-Ibpw kwc-£n-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXp-sh∂pw Ce ]dn-°p-hm-\p≈ kuIcyØn\v IhmØv sNbvXv Ip‰n

sNSn-bm°n, XpS¿ kwc-£Ww \S-Øn-h-cp-∂p-sh∂pw tXbn-esb Ipdn®v

A`n-{]m-b-ap-≠v.

14


C¥ybn¬ tXbne Bcw`hpw hym]-\hpw

{_n´ojv CuÃv C¥ym Iº-\n-bpsS XmXv]cy{]Im-c-amWv C¥ybn¬

tXbn-e- Irjn Bcw`n-®Xv. 1780˛¬ Kh¿Æ¿ P\-d¬ hmd¬ tlmÃnwkv

ssN\-bn¬ \n∂pw tXbne sNSn-I-fpsS hnØv tiJ-cn-®p. ]n∂oSv kkyimkv{X

DZym\-Øn¬ hf¿Øp-∂-Xn\v tIW¬ tdm_¿´v InUv {iaw \S-Øn. 1823˛¬

taP¿ tdm_¿´v {_qkv {_“-]p-{X-bpsS Xoc-ß-fn¬ tXbne sNSn-Iƒ Is≠-

Øn-bn-cp-∂p. AtXmsS C¥ybn¬ tXbne Irjn°v XpS°w Ipdn-®p.

1834˛temSp IqSn tXbne Irjn hym]-I-am-bn. 1838˛¬ C¥ybn¬ \n∂pw

350 ]u≠v tXbne e≠-\n-te°v Ab-°p-Ibpw 1839˛¬ P\p-hcn 10\v \S∂

tee-Øn¬ G‰hpw IqSnb hne°v hn¬°p-hm\pw Ign-™p. 1905˛¬

Cw•-≠n¬ D]-tbm-Kn® tXbn-e-bpsS 98% C¥ybn¬ \n∂pw Cd-°p-aXn

sNbvX-Xm-bn-cp-∂p.

sXs° C¥ybn¬

cmPysØ BsI DZv∏m-Z-\-Øn-s‚ 25% sXs° C¥ybn¬ \n∂m-Wv.

Im∏n°v D≠mb eo^v dÃv F∂ tcmKw I¿j-Isc, hneØI¿®-bn-te°pw,

Ir-jn-˛\miØnte°pw FØn-®p. 1840˛¬ cq£-amb {]Xn-k-‘n-bp-≠m-bn.

Cu kml-NcyØn¬ 1832˛emWv tUm.- {InÃn (christi) \oe-Kn-cn-bn¬ ]co-£-

Wm¿∞-Øn¬ tXbn-e-Irjn Bcw`n-®-Xv. ]n∂oSv 1834˛¬ I¬°-´-bnse

tXbne kan-Xn-bpsS klm-b-tØm-Sp-IqSn IpS-Inepw, \o-e-Kn-cn-bnepw, hn√yw

_‚nwKv {]`p 2000˛¬∏cw sNSn-Iƒ \´p. \oe-Kn-cn-bn¬ \√ hf¿® Is≠-

Øp-Ibpw Im∏n-tØm-́ -ß-fn¬ CS-hn-f-bmbn Irjn Bcw-̀ n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

Ip∂q-cn¬ BZytXbne tXm´w D≠m-°n-bXv am≥ F∂ bqtdm]y\mWv. XpS¿∂v

1859˛69 ImeØv {_n´o-jp-Im¿ ssN\-bn¬ \n∂p sI≠p h∂ bp≤-X-S-hp-

2

15


Imsc D]-tbm-Kn®v \oe-Kn-cn-bn¬ XmbvtNme, U¨ km‚¬ F∂o FtÃ-‰p-

Iƒ XpS-ßn.- tI-cf-Øn¬ 1875˛¬ ]ocp-ta-́ n¬ Irjn Bcw-̀ n-®p. IÆ≥ tZh≥

ae-I-fn¬ A.H. jm¿∏v F∂ kmbv∏v BWv tXm´w D≠m-°n-bXv. 1897˛¬

B\-a-e-bnepw, hb-\m-ńepw tXbn-e-tØm-´-ßƒ D≠m-bn. 1900˛tØmSp IqSn

12,670 slIvS¿ tXbn-e-tØm´w sXs° C¥ybn¬ D≠m-bn. C≥Uybnse

DZv]m-Z-\-Øn-s‚ 27% sNdp-In-S- tXm-´-ß-fp-sSbpw sNdp-InS tXbn-e -I¿j-I-

cp-sSbpw kw`m-h-\-bm-Wv. 1908˛1920 Ime-L-´-Øn¬ C B‚v Fkv Iº\n

(Cw-•ojv & kvt°mńjv Iº\n) bpsS `mK-ambn hb-\m-ń¬ h≥InS tXbn-e-

tØm-́ -ßƒ D≠m-°n. XpS¿∂v tXbne Irjn hb-\m-́ n¬ hym]-I-am-bn. C∂sØ

H M L, ]m-cn-k¨ XpS-ßn-b-h tXm´-ß-fpsS Bcw`w A∂m-Wt-{X.

XpS¿∂v C≥Uybn¬ tXbne hyhkmb taJ-e-bnepw, Ir-jn-bnepw,

hym]-I-amb Kth-j-Wß-fpw, ]-co-£-W-ßfpw, \-S-Øp-Ibpw, k¿°m¿˛

C-Xc GP≥kn-Iƒ kPo-h-am-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp. t\m¿Øv C≥Uybnepw kuØv

C≥Uybnepw {]tXyIw {]tXyIw Kth-j-W- ÿm-]-\-ßfpw kwL-S-\-Ifpw

D≠m-bn. 1893˛¬ D]mkn cq]n-I-cn-®p {]h¿Ø\w Bcw-`n-®p. (bp-ss\-‰Uv

πm≥t‚-j≥kv & Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ kuØv C≥Uy)

UPASI Bcw-̀ n® h¿jw

D]mkn : 1893-̨ ¬

imkv{X Kth-jW hn`mKw : 1903

tXbne Kth-jW tI{μw tZh¿tjme : 1926

AÆm-a-e-bn¬ Bcw`w (hmƒ]m-d) : 1964

So dntk¿®v ût≠-j≥ : 1999

do-PnbnW¬ sk‚¿

sk‚d¬ {Smh≥Iq¿ (-h≠n s]cn-bm¿) : 1964

ssltd©v (aq-∂m¿) : 1968

hb-\mSv (ta∏mSn) : 1971

\o¬Kncn (Ip∂q-cv) : 1970

\o¬Kn-cn,- h-b-\m-Sv,- Kq-U-√q¿ : 1980

AÆm-a-e (-hmƒ]m-d) : 1971

I¿Æm-SI (Nn-°-aw-•q¿) : 1986

16


hb-\m-ńse ]c-º-cm-KX Irjn coXn-Ifpw aÆn-s‚ kqjvaXe DZv]m-Z-\-

£-a-Xbpw \in-®-Xns\ XpS¿∂v Irjn taJ-e°v {]tXyIn®pw Im∏n,- Ip-cp-ap-

fIv XpS-ßnb Irjn-bpsS ]cm-P-b-hp-am-Wv, hSs° hb-\m-ń¬ tXbn-e-

Ir-jnsb sNdp-InS I¿j-I-cn-te°v FØn-°p-hm≥ Imc-W-am-bXv. Irjn

`h-\p-I-fp-sSbpw, Gem Hmôkp-I-fp-sSbpw, {]h¿Ø\-ßfpw cmk-Io-S-\m-

in-\n-I-fp-sSbpw, cm-k-h-f-ß-fp-sSbpw, A\n-b-{¥nX D]-tbm-Khpw aÆnse

Pohs\ \in-∏n-°p-Ibpw, Irjn taJ-esb XI¿°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. DZv]m-Z-\-

°p-dhpw hne-X-I¿®bpw I¿j-Isc shń-em-°n. 1980 Ifn¬ hSs°

hb-\m-ń¬ tXbne Irjnsb kw_-‘n® im‡o-I-cW hym]\ {]h¿Ø\-

ßƒ \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂p. ^m.- tPm-k^v Ipt∂¬ CMI- s‚ t\Xr-XØn-ep≈

sNdp-InS tXbne I¿j-I-cpsS Iq´m-bvabpw GtIm-]\ {]h¿Ø\-ß-fp-amWv

XpS°w. hb-\mSv tkmjy¬ k¿Δokv tkmssk-‰n tXbn-e-Irjn hym]\

{]h¿Ø\-ß-fn¬ H∏w ]¶m-fn-bm-bn-Øo¿∂p. hb-\m-Sn-s‚ {]tXyIX-Ifpw,

`q{]-Ir-Xnbpw, NmbIrjn°v A\p-tbmPyLS-I-ßfm-Wv. XmXv∏cyap≈ 120

I¿j-Isc kwLSn-∏n®psIm≠v ^m.-tPm-k^v Ipt∂¬ A≤y£\mbn

hb-\mSv sNdp-InS tXbne I¿jI kanXn cq]n-I-cn-®p. 11 AwK IΩn‰nbpw

{]h¿Ø\ cwKØv kPo-h-am-bn-cp-∂p. kanXn-bpsS {]h¿Ø\^-e-ambn

tXbn-e -Irjn Bcw-`n-°p-∂-Xn\v ]\-acw `q]Wb _m¶n¬ \n∂pw hmbv]

A\p-h-Zn-°p-Ibpw, ]Øv I¿j-I¿°v Xhn-™m¬ {Kma]©m-b-Øn-s‚

kl-I-c-W-tØmsS Xe-∏pg Kh.bp]n kvIqfn¬ \S∂ s]mXp ktΩ-f-\-Øn¬

tIcf kwÿm\ hyhkmb hIp∏v a{¥n _lp.]n kn Nmt°m hmbv∏

hnX-cWw sNbvXp. 1980 tabv amk-Øn-em-bn-cp∂p Cu al-Ømb kwcw-̀ -Øn\v

XpS-°w.

hSs° hb-\m-́ nse tXbn-e- Ir-jnhym]\w

3

17


Ip™n-cm-a≥ (-hn-ap‡`S≥) h¿Kokv ]mØmS≥, M C tUhnUv,

cm-a-Ir-jvW≥ \mb¿ ]p√mw- s]m-bvI-bn¬,- am-[-h≥ \mb¿ ]p√mw- s]m-bvIbn¬,

]mdp ]pØ≥ ]p-cbn¬, amWn IWn-bmw- ]-d-ºn¬, De-l-∂m≥ Ipgn-I-≠-Øn¬,

tPmbn \nc-t∏¬ F∂n-h-cm-bn-cp-∂p XpS-°-°m¿. 1990˛I-fn¬ Xhn-™m¬

k¿Δokv kl-I-cW _m¶v hmbv∏ sImSp-°p-Ibpw Xhn-™m¬, sXm≠¿

\mSv, ]©m-b-Øp-Ifn¬ tXbne Irjn hym]-I-am-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp. 1980˛Ifn¬

sImfp¥n\v e`n® Db¿∂ hne 1990 Ifn¬ XI-cp-Ibpw sNdp-InS I¿j-I¿

cq£-amb {]Xn-k-‘n-bn-te°v hogp-Ibpw sNbvXp. hn]-Wn-bpsS A`mhw,

hn-e-X-I¿®, sXmgnem-fn-I-fpsS A`mhw, Irjn hmbv∏ XpS-ßnb {]-iv\-ßƒ

sNdp-InS tXbne I¿j-I¿°v sh√p-hn-fn-bmbn-Øo¿∂p. 90˛IfpsS

Ah-km-\-tØmSpIqSn So t_m¿Uv, P\-Iob kwL-S-\-Iƒ, k-lm-b-ÿm-]-\-

ßƒ, Ir-jn-°m-cpsS kwL-S-\-Iƒ F∂n-h-tbmSv tN¿∂v D¬∏m-Z\ hn]-W\

irwJ-e-bn¬ sa®-s∏-´Xpw \ne-\n¬°p∂-Xp-amb hnI-k\ {]h¿Ø\-ßƒ

Bcw-`n-®p.- C-Øcw {]h¿Ø\ßfneqsS So t_m¿Un-s‚bpw k¿°mcn-

s‚bpw \b-ß-fnepw Bkq-{XW {]h¿Ø\ taJ-e-I-fnepw {Inbm¬a-I-amb

am‰w hcp-Øm≥ Ign-™p. kΩ¿± i‡n-bmbn sNdp-InS I¿j-I¿°v

hf-cphm≥ km[n-®p. x1˛mw ]©-h-’c ]≤-Xn-bn¬ sNdp-InS tXbne I¿j-

I¿°v GI-tZiw 1200 tImSn cq] hI-bncp-Øp-hm≥ Ign-™p.

sNdp-InS tXbne I¿j-I¿ So t_mUn¬ tXm´w cPn-Ã¿ sNøphm\pw

kwL-ßƒ cq]n-I-cn-°p-hm\pw Bcw-`n-®p. C∂v 2009˛¬ 50Hmfw SHG Iƒ

(skm-ssk-‰n-Iƒ) hb-\m-´n¬ cPn-Ã¿ sNbvXv {]h¿Øn°p-∂p-≠v. Ah¿°v

t\XrXzw sImSp°p-∂-Xn\v, Fw_-h¿ tIcf So Gcn-bmkv, t\m¿Øv hb\mSv

tÃmƒ So t{Kmthgvkv skm-ssk-‰n,- So-tIm]vkv, h-b-\mSv tÃmƒ So t{Kmthgvkv

Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ F∂o kwL-S-\-Iƒ hb-\m-´n¬ {]h¿Øn®p-h-cp-∂p.

kkyimkv{Xw

Z£nW ]q¿tΔjybnepw, A-ta-cn-°-bnepw, D-jvW-ta-Je {]tZi-ß-fnepw

Dt]mjvW taJe {]tZi-ß-fnepw ImW-s∏-Sp∂ 30 kkyhwi-ß-fpsS

IpSpw-_-Øn¬ (sS≥kvt{Sman-tb-kn) Xotbkn IpSpw-_-Øn¬ hcp∂

Ita-enb hwi-Øn¬s∏´ 82 kkyPmXn-I-fn¬ H∂mWv tXbn-e-sN-Sn.

imkv{X \ma-ßƒ:

(1) ssN\m C\w: Ita-enb ssks\≥knkv

(China: C.sineniss)

(2) A w C\w Ita-enb A m-an°

Assam: C.assamica (master wight)

18


(3) Iwt]mSv AYh Ct¥m ssN\m C\w

Ita-enb A m-an° emkntbm Imen-Ivkv

(c.assamica ssp.lasiocaly)

BtcmKy ]m\nbw

Is^-bn¬: c‡-ip≤n hcp-Øp-∂p. \mUohyqlw kwc-£n-°p-∂p.

am\-kn-Im-tcmKyw i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

^vfthmt\m-bnUvkv :

(Flavonoids) :- a\pjytImi-ßsf kwc-£n-°p∂p. Iym≥k¿

{]Xn-tcm-[-i‡n h¿≤n∏n°p∂p. lr-Z-bm-Lm-X-

sØ Ipd°p-∂p. N¿Ω-ßsf Aƒ{S-ssh-e‰v

civan-I-fn¬ \n∂pw kwc-£n-°p-∂p.- B‚n-

_mIvSo-cn-b¬GP‚mbn {]h¿Øn°p-∂p.

ssh‰an≥kv/an\-d¬k v:- ]e {][m\ t]mj-I-ß-sfbpw {]Zm\w

sNøp∂p. amwK-\okv, kn-¶v,- ssh-‰-an≥ B, C, K.

^vfqtdm-bnUv :- ]√p-I-fp-sSbpw, tamW-I-fp-sSbpw kwc-£-Whpw,

hf¿®°pw klm-bn-°p-∂p.

19


1. hntZi hn\n-abw

Ib-‰p-aXn C\-Øn¬ 600 tImSn-bn¬∏cw hntZi-\mWyw e`n-°p-∂p.-

hn-tZi \mWyØns‚ 1/12 ̀ mKw tXbn-e-bn¬ \n∂mWv ({]Xnh¿jw1738 tImSn

cq]) e`n°p∂Xv.

2. B`y¥c hcp-am\w

hnhn[ C\w \nIp-Xn-Iƒ, FIvsskkv, hmWnPy \nIpXn, `q\n-IpXn,

BZm-b-\n-Ip-Xn,- sXmgn¬ \nIp-Xn, tXbn-e-tØm-́ -ß-fpsS hcp-am-\-Ønse Hcp

cq]bn¬ \n∂pw 33 ss]km- {]-Imcw k¿°mcn-te°v \nIp-Xn F∂nh B`y¥c

hcp-am\w h¿Zv[n∏n°p∂p.

3. sXmgne-h-k-c-ßƒ

Ccp-]Xv e£w sXmgnem-fn-Iƒ, kv{XoIƒ, IqSpX¬ b{¥ kma-{Kn-Iƒ,

D¬∏-∂-ßƒ, t]m-fn-Øo≥, cmk-h-fw,- Io-S-\m-in-\n, -I¬°-cn, -kn-a‚ v,

s]t{Sm-fnbw D¬∏-∂-ßƒ, -I-b¿, ]mbv, -tX-bne-s∏-´n-Iƒ XpS-ßn-b-h-bp-ambn

_‘-s∏´ sXmgne-h-k-c-ßƒ e`n°p∂p.

4. \m´n≥ ]p-d-ß-fpsS/{Kma hnI-k\w

ae-s©-cn-hp-Iƒ, tdm-Up-Iƒ,- sXmgnem-fn-Iƒ, kmº-ØnI hcpam\hpw

hn\ntbmKhpw, ]m¿∏nSßƒ, sshZyklmbw, Bkv]{Xn, sshZypXn, -ip-≤-

PehnXcWw, hnt\mZtI{μßƒ. kmwkv°m-cnI {]h¿Ø\ßƒ F∂n-h {Kma

hnI-k\sØ klmbn°p∂p

C¥ybpsS kºØv hyhÿ-bn¬ tXbn-e-bpsS]¶v

4

20


5. Pe aÆv˛]cn-ÿnXn kwc-£Ww

ta¬a-Æns\ Bh-c-W-ambn kwc-£n-°p-hm≥ tXbne sNSn-Iƒ°v

km[n-°p-∂p. ssPhmh-ÿ-\n-e-\n¿Øp∂p. ]cn-ÿnXn kwXp-en-Xm-hÿ

\ne-\n¿Øp∂p.

6. hn-dIv

inJn-c-ßƒ Km¿lnI D]-tbm-K-Øn\v \√-Xm-Wv.

7. 2005˛¬ temI D¬∏m-Z-\-Øn-s‚ 27% C¥ybn¬ \n∂mWv. (928m kgout of 3376 m kg) 12%jn∏vsa‚v

8. C¥ybn¬ 79% B`y¥c D]-tbm-Khpw 21% Ib-‰p-a-Xnbpw. tXbne

taJebn¬ D≠v

21


1980-˛Ifn¬ hb-\m-´n¬ t\cn´ Im¿jn-I taJe-bpsS XI¿®bpw Imem-

hÿ hyXn-bm-\hpw. Im∏n,- Ip-cp-ap-fIv I¿j-Isc cq£-amb {]Xn-k-‘n-bn-

se-Øn-®p. A°m-eØv tXbne hyhkmbw ]ptcm-K-an-°p-Ibpw sImfp¥n\v

hne Db-cp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Intembv°v GI-tZiw 20 cq] hsc hne Db¿∂p.

CXv I¿j-Isc tXbne Irjn sNøp∂-Xn\v t{]-cn-∏n-®p. A\p-tbmPyamb Imem-

h-ÿbpw `q{]-Ir-Xnbpw tXbne Irjn°v hb-\m-´n¬ km≤yX h¿≤n∏n-®p.

_m¶p-Iƒ hmbv∏ sISp-°p-hm≥ XpS-ßn-b-tXmSpIqSn Xmeq-°n¬ ]e

`mKßfnepw tXbneIrjn Bcw-`n-®p.- X-hn-™m¬, sX≠m¿\mSv ]©m-b-Øp-

I-fmWv ap≥\n-c-bn-ep-≈-Xv.

1990˛Ifn¬ tXbn-e-bpsS hne IpØs\ CSn-bp-Ibpw sNdp-InS I¿j-

I¿ cq£-amb {]Xn-k-‘n-I-sfbpw sh√p-hn-fn-I-sfbpw t\cn-tS≠n h∂p.-

D-Zv∏m-Z-\hpw, sXmgn¬ {]iv\-ßfpw hn]-Wn-bpsS A`m-hhpw, hne XI¿®bpw,

{][m\ {]Xn-k-‘n-I-fm-Wv. \ma am{X-amb XpIbv°v sImfp¥v \n¿_‘ambn

GP‚ vam¿°pw kzImcy Iº-\n -Iƒ°pw sImSpt°≠n h∂p. Cu

kml-NcyØnemWv 1984˛¬ Icn-am-\n-bn¬ anj≥ {]h¿Ø\hp-ambn IS∂p

h∂ CST k`m kaq-l-Øn-s‚ CS-s]-S¬ D≠m-b-Xv. CXv tXbne I¿j-I¿°v

]pØ≥ DW¿Δv \¬In.- {KmahnI-k\w, kwtbm-PnX {]h¿Ø\ßƒ,

sXm-gne-h-k-c-ßƒ,- Po-hnX \ne-hmcw sa®-s∏-Sp-Ø¬, am\p-jnI Bflob

aq√yßfpsS kwc-£-Whpw, XpS¿˛kwc-£-Whpw XpS-ßn-b-h-bm-bn-cp∂p

CST k`m kaq-l-Øn-s‚ {][m\ {]h¿Ø\-ßƒ.

kmº-ØnI {]Xn-k-‘n-bn¬ IpSp-ßnb sNdp-InS I¿j-Isc imIvXo-I-cn-

°p-∂Xn\v ^m.-sP-bnwkv ]pd-Ø-bn¬, ^m.-tPm-k^v ]pfn¥m\w, F∂o

sshZn-I-cpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ {]h¿Ø\amcw-`n-®p.

hb\mSv At{Km aqhvsa‚v So Iº\nbpsScq]n-I-c-Whpw {]h¿Ø\ßfpw

5

22


Icn-am\n tI{μoIcn®v I¿j-I-cpsS Iq´mbva D≠m-°p-Ibpw Irjn-Z¿i\

Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ Icn-am\n F∂ t]cn¬ kwLw cq]n-I-cn-®v {]h¿Ø\am-

cw-`n-®p. Irjn coXn-Iƒ, \gvk-dn-Iƒ, I¿jI am-knI, F∂nh {][m\

{]h¿Ø\-ßfmbn-cp -∂p. XpS¿∂p≈ {]h¿Ø\-ßfpsS `mK-ambn

^m. tXmakv apf-ßm-ń¬s‚ t\XrXzØn¬ So t{]mPIvSv Bcw-`n-°p-Ibpw

sNdp-InS I¿j-I¿°v tXbn-essØ kuP\yambn hnX-cWw sNøpIbpw

sNbvXp. 220 I¿j-I¿°v Cu B\p-Iq√yw e`n-°p-Ibpw, 110 G°¿

tXbn-e-tØm´w D≠m-°p-hm\pw km[n-®p. ÿnc-amb hn]Wn C√m-ØXpw,

G-P‚p-am-cp-sSbpw, IpØI Iº-\n-I-fp-sSbpw Nqj-Whpw apJy {]iv\-ßfm-

bncp∂p. Ahbv°v ]cn-lmcw ImWp-hm-\p≈ {ia-Øn-emWv I¿j-I-cpsS

kz¥w ^mIvSdn F∂ Bibw Dcp-Øn-cn-bp-Ibpw {]h¿Ø\-ßƒ Bcw-`n-

®Xpw. am\-¥-hmSn Xmeq-°nse tXbne I¿j-I-cpsS Hml-cn-Iƒ kam-l-cn®pw

P\-]-¶m-fn-Ø-tØm-Sp -IqSn hb\mSv At{Km aqhvsa‚v So Iº\n enan-‰Uv˛

Icn-am\n F∂ t]cn¬ Iº\n cq]n-I-cn®v {]h¿Ø\am-cw-`n-®p. 2003˛¬

Iº-\n-bpsS Iogn¬ tXbne ^mIvS-dn°v Xd-I-°√v C´p. en‰n¬ ^vfh¿

k`m k-aq-l-Øn-s‚ tImgn-t°mSv sk‚vtXmakv t{]mhn≥kns‚bpw,

^m.-sP-bnwkv ]pd-Ø-bn¬ CSI, P¿Ω-\n-bnse kl-Im-cn-Iƒ, F∂n-h-cp-sSbpw

klm-b-tØm-sSm∏w 200¬∏cw I¿j-I-cpsS sjb-dp-Ifpw, [-\-Imcyÿm]-

\-ß-fn¬ \n∂pap≈ hmbv∏-Ifpw, D]-tbm-Kn-®mWv \qX\kmt¶-XnI

hnZyItfmSp IqSnb tXbne ^mIvSdn Bcw-`n-®Xv. 2006 BKÃv 22 \v ^mIvS-

dn-bpsS DZvLm-S\w \S-∂p. 650 kg Hcp aWn-°q-dn¬ Acbv-°p-hm≥

Ign-hp≈ 200 RC {]h¿Ø\-ti-jn-bp≈ CTC ̂ mIvS-dn-bmWv \ne-hn-ep-≈Xv.

kvtamƒ kvsIbn¬ C≥Ukv{Sn hn`m -K -Øn¬ \n∂pw ^mIvS -dnsb

Db¿Øp∂Xn\p≈ {]h¿Ø\-ßƒ Bcw-̀ n®p Ign-™p. ̂ mIvS-dn-bn¬ 8000

Intem apX¬ 22000 Intem hsc sImfp¥v Ac-bv°m-dp-≠v.

sNdp-InS I¿j-I-cpsS ]¶m-fn-Ø-tØmSp IqSnb Z£n-tW¥ybnse

BZysØ Iº\n F∂ _lp-a-Xnbpw CXn-\p-≠v. hb-\m-ńse sNdp-InS

I¿j-I-cpsS Iq´mb kwcw`w, ap-t∂‰w, k-a{K hnI-k\ kao-]\w XpS-ßnb

A¿∞-ßƒ \¬Ip∂ t]cmWv. Iº\n Xnc-s™-Sp-Ø-Xv. tXbne Irjn°v

]pdta F√m Im¿jnI taJ-ebv°pw Du∂¬ sImSpØv {]h¿Øn°p-hm-\p≈

I¿Ω]≤-Xn-I-fmWv e£yanSp-∂Xv. I¿j-I-cpsS kz¥w ^mIvSdn hb-\m-ń¬

tXbne taJ-e-bn¬ hnπ-hm-fl-I-amb am‰-ßƒ hcp-Øn.

IpØI GP‚p-am-scbpw Iº-\n-I-sfbpw ISn-™m¨ CSp-hm\pw

I¿j-I¿°v sa®-s∏´ hne hmßn-s°m-Sp-°p-hm\pw km[n-®p. cq£-am-bn-cp∂

Nqj-W-Øn\v Abhv hcp-Øp-hm\pw, sN-dpInS tXbne I¿j-I-tcm-Sp≈

at\m-`m-h-Øn\v am‰w hcp-Øp-hm\pw km[n-®p. sIfp-¥n-s‚ hne-bn¬ 50%

23


apX¬ 150% hsc h¿≤\hv D≠m-bn. CXn-s‚ ^ew Iº\n KpW-t`m-‡m-

°ƒ°p am{X-a√ Pn√-bnse a‰v tXbne I¿j-I¿°pw e`n-°p-hm≥ Imc-W-am-

hp-Ibpw PohnX \ne-hmchpw, kmº-ØnIhpw, h¿≤n°p-hm\pw Imc-W-

am-bn. 2008˛¬ _mw•q¿ Bÿm-\-am°n {]h¿Øn°p∂ {]IrXn F∂ kwLS-

\-bp-sSbpw tkmfn -Um-cn -Um-Un-s‚bpw kwtbm-PnX {]h¿Ø\ßƒ

Bcw`n®tXm-Sp-IqSn D‰vkv So t{]mPIvSv Bcw`n-°p-∂-Xn\pw AXn-s‚

^e-ambn WAM Tea Iº\n°v ]pXnb temIØnte°p≈ Znim-t_m[w

\¬Ip-Ibpw, kpÿnc coXn-bn-te°v ssI]n-Sn®p sIm≠p t]mhp-Ibpw

sNbvXp. C∂v Iº\n temI hym]mc irwJ-e-bn¬ ÿm\w ]nSn®p

Ign™psh∂Xv A¤p-Xm-h-l-amb hf¿®-bm-Wv.

`c-W-]cw, \b-]cw, {]h¿Ø\ coXn

tXbne I¿j-I¿ AwK-ß-fm-bp≈ ]ªnIv enan-‰Uv Iº-\n-bmWv hb\mSv

At{Km aqhvsa‚v So Iº\n enan-‰Uv Icn-am-\n. Hmlcn DS-a-I-fmb thm -́hImi

AwK-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw sXc-s™-Sp-°-s∏´ `cW kan-Xn -bmWv `c-W-

Np-a-Xe hln-°p-∂Xv. Iº-\n-bpsS P\-d¬ t_mUnbpw ̀ c-W-k-an-Xnbpw cq]-

s∏-Sp-Øp∂ \b-ßfpw {]h¿Ø\ß-fp-amWv {][m\w. I-º\n emt`—bn-√msX

{]h¿Øn°-pI F∂ \b-amWv kzoI-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. sNehv Ign™v XpI

AwK-ßƒ°v hnX-cWw sNøp∂ ]Xn-hm-Wp-≈-Xv. amt\-PnwKv Ub-d-IvS-dpsS

t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ i‡-amb AUvan-\n-kvt{S‰ohv Un∏m¿´vsa‚v {]h¿Øn°p-∂p.

Iº\n sNb¿am≥ Ft∏mgpw sNdp-InS tXbne I¿j-I-\m-bn-cn°pw. hm¿jnI

P\-d¬ t_mUn ]≤-Xn-Ifpw, h-chv sNehv IW-°-pIfpw hne-bn-cp-Øp-Ibpw

AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw, ]m m-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp hcp-∂p. ]pjv]Kncn So F∂

te_-en¬ Iº\n hn]-Wn-bn¬ Nmb kpe-`-ambn hn¬°p-∂p. k¿°m¿

\b-ßƒ°pw B\p-Im-enI kmºØnI \b-ßƒ°pw tN¿∂v BtcmKy]c

amb kpÿnc hnI-k-\-amWv e£yw.

24


_mw-•q¿ Bÿm-\-ambn {]h¿Øn°p∂ kwL-S-\-bmWv (NGO) {]IrXn.

a\pjyt‚bpw {]Ir-Xn-bp-tSbpw hnI-k-\hpw XpS¿kwc-£-W-hp-amWv {][m\

{]h¿Ø\ßƒ. kmº-ØnI, Ak-¥p-en-Xm-h-ÿ-bpsS A¥cw Ipd®p

sIm≠ph-cp-Ibpw, a\pjy kaq-l-ß-fpsS im‡o-I-c-Whpw Ahsc

Ign-hp‰hcm-°p-I-bp-amWv e£yw. C¥ybnepw kuØv CuÃv Gjy≥

cmPyßfnepw {]h¿Øn°p∂ kmaqly {]Xn-_-‘-X-bp≈ tIm¿∏-td-‰vIƒ

(NGO), k∂≤ kwL-S-\-Iƒ, CXc kwL-S-\-I-fp-ambn tN¿∂v kmº-ØnI

\b-ß-fn-eq-∂nb hnIk {]h¿Ø\ßƒ°v cq]w sImSpØv {]h¿Ø\ßƒ

hne-bn -cp -Øp-Ibpw, t{]m’m-ln-∏n -°p-Ibpw, im‡o-I-cn -°p-Ibpw

sNbvXpsIm≠v Ah-cpsS klmbI GP-≥kn-I-fmbn {]h¿Øn®p hcp-∂p.

ASn-ÿm\ hn`-h-ßfpw {]Ir-Xnbpw kpÿn-c-X-bn-te°v, am\h hnI-k\w

\ap°pw hcpw Xe-ap-d-bv°pw F∂ ap{Zm-hmIyØneq-∂nb {]h¿Ø\ßfmWv

\SØn hcp-∂-Xv.

s\X¿em≥Uv Bÿm-\-ambn {]h¿Øn°p∂ kwL-S-\-bm-Wv tkmfn-Um-

cn-UmUv. kzX{¥ `cW kwhn-[m-\-ap≈ bqWn-‰mWv U¬ln Bÿm-\-ambn

{]h¿Øn°p-∂-Xv. Zmcn{Z \n¿Ωm¿÷\amWv e£yw. Ahn-I-knX, hn-Ikzc

cmPyßfn¬ sNdp-InS I¿j-I-scbpw sXmgn-em-fn-I-sfbpw tZinb, A¥¿

tZiob hn]-Wn-bp-ambn _‘n-∏n®p sIm≠v hnI-k\ {]h¿Ø\ßƒ \SØn

hcp-∂p.

hb\mSv At{Km aqhvsa‚v So Iº\nbn¬ D‰vkv So t{]mPIvSv \S-∏n-em°n

hcp∂p. Cu t{]mPIvSns‚ \n¿Δ-lW GP≥kn {]Ir-Xn-bpw kmt¶XnI

klm-bI GP≥kn- tkmfn-Um-cn-Um-UpamWv.

{]Ir-Xn, tkmfn-Um-cn-UmUv kao-]-\ßfpw{]h¿Ø\ßfpw

6

25


hnj≥

aÆv, Pew, ssPhkºØv F∂n-hsb ka-{K-X-bn¬ kwtbm-Pn-∏n®v

{]Ir-Xnbv°pw Bhmk hyhÿbv°pw A\p-kr-X-amb \ne-bn¬ A\p-

tbmPyamb kmt¶-XnI hnZyIfp-sSbpw, hn-I-k\ hIp∏p-I-fp-sSbpw,

kmt¶-XnI hnZKv≤cp-sSbpw, K-th-jW ÿm]-\-ß-fp-sSbpw, k-∂≤

kwL-S-\-I-fp-sSbpw, tIm¿∏-td‰v, ÿm]-\-ß-fp-sSbpw ]-¶m-fnØtØmSpIqSn

\oXn-bn-e-[n-jvSn-X-amb D¬∏-∂-ßƒ D≠m°n tZiob A¥¿tZ-iob hn]-Wn-

bp-ambn _‘n-∏n®v P\-Io-b-hiyßƒ kq£vaXe bmYm¿∞yßƒ IW-°n-

se-SpØv kpÿn-c-ambn ]cn-l-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn P\-]-¶m-fn-Ø-tØmSpIqSn

\S-∏n-em-°p∂ ]≤-Xn-bmWv hb\mSv At{Km aqhvsa‚v So Iº\n enan-‰Uv

Icn-am\n D‰vkv So B`y¥c KpW-ta∑ kwhn-[m\w hb\mSv At{Km aqhvsa‚v

So Iº\nbpsS Iogn¬ hcp∂ 426 sNdp-InS tXbne I¿j-I-cpw C T C^mIvS-dnbpw, sXmgn-em-fn-Ifpw ]≤-Xnbn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p.

Corparate Social Responsibility (CSR)

‘A Project Based Integrated Devolepment for Resourse, Market andManagement’

Im¿jnI taJ-e-bpsS hnI-k-\-Øn-s‚ ASn-ÿm\ kao-]-\-ß-fmbn

aÆv, Pew, ssPh kºØv F∂n-hbpsS imkv{Xob D]-t`m -KsØ

IW-°m-°p-∂p. AXp aqew kpÿnc hf¿®bpw D¬∏m-Z-\-£-a-Xbpw

h¿≤n∏n-°p-hm≥ km[n°pw. F∂m¬ icn-bmb Zni-bn-ep≈ ]¶m-fn-Øm-Sn-

ÿm\ hnI-k\ amXr-I-bpsS A`mhw D≠v. Hcp {]tZ-iØn-s‚ ssPh ̀ uXnI,

km-º-ØnI hyhÿbv°v A\p-tbmPyamb D¬∏m-Z\ {]{Inb, km-aqly

D‰vkv So t{]mPIvSn-s‚ hnI-k\ kao-]\w

7

26


\oXnbpw, Xp√y hnX-c-Whpw km[yam°p-hm≥ Ignbpw. am\p-jnI aq√yßƒ°v

hne I¬∏n-°p∂ PohnX \nb-{¥-W-ßƒ, ]-cn-ÿn-Xn-°-\p-tbmPyamb

PohnX˛Irjn ssien-Iƒ, IqSp-X¬ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-ap≈ kaql˛krjvSn,

XpS-ßn-b _lp-apJ Xe-ßƒ°v {]m[m\yw \¬Ip-∂p.

kpÿn-cX (Sustainability)`mhn Xe-apd°v AhcpsS Bhiyßƒ \nd -th-‰p -∂-Xn -\p≈

kmlNcyßƒ°pw, Ign-hn\pw, tIm´w hcp-ØmsX C∂sØ Xe-ap-d-bpsS

Bhiyßƒt\Sp -∂-Xn -\p≈ hnI-k-\ -amWv kpÿnc hnIk\w

(sustainability). aÆns‚ ss\k¿KnI kz`mhw \ne-\n¿Øn kzm`m-hnI

DZv∏mZ\ £aX IW-°m-°p-Ibpw ]cn-an-X-amb _mly\nt£] LS-I-ß-fpsS

(hf IoS \min\nIƒ-˛External inputs) klm-b-Ømepw kzm`mhnI DZv∏m-Z\

£aX°v tIm´w X´m-sX-bp≈ Im¿jnI ]cn-io-e-\-amWv GAP AYhm DØa

Irjn coXn (Good Agricultural Practice) {]IrXn {]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-∂Xpw,

]≤-Xn-bn¬ hnh-£n-°p-∂Xpw ta¬∏-d™ DØa Irjn-co-Xn-bm-Wv.

F√m hnI-k\ {]h¿Ø\ß-fp-sS-bpw ASn-ÿm\w DZv∏m-Z\ taJ-e-bpsS

hnI-k-\-amWv. Ah-bn¬ {][m\w Im¿jnI taJ-e-bv°mWv. AXp sIm≠v

Im¿jnI taJ-e-bnepw A\p-_‘taJ-e-I-fnepw \S-∏n-em-°p∂ Hmtcm

]cn-]m-Snbpw ÿmbo kz`m-h-ap-≈-Xm-bn-cn-°Ww A\p-tbmPyamb kmt¶-XnI

hnZyIfpsS sXc-s™-Sp∏v, ]cn-ÿn-Xn°v kzoImcyamb Im¿jnI coXn-Iƒ,

apd-Iƒ, ssPh-h-f-Øn-s‚ D]-tbmKw cmk-Io-S-\m-in\n D]-tbmKw \nb-{¥n-

°-¬, A\p-Iqe \b-ßƒ A\p-h¿Øn®p-h-cp∂ P\-ß-fpsS at\m-`m-h-

Ønepw, ioe-ß-fn-epw Bhiyamb Xncp-Ø-ep-Iƒ, hn´phogv®-Iƒ, P-\-

]-¶m-fn-Øw Dd-∏m-°¬, {]mtZ-inI kq£vaXe-ß-fpsS im‡o-I-cWw

kwL-S\m˛kwhn-[m-\-ßƒ (SHG) hn`-h-ß-fpsS imkv{Xob ]cn-io-e\w

Dd-∏m-°¬ XpS-ßnb _lp-ap-J-ß-fmb {]h¿Ø\ß-fn-eqsS am{Xta kpÿn-

cX ssIhcn-°m-\mhpIbp≈p (sustainability) AXpsIm≠v Irjn°v

ssPhmwiw \jvSs∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°p-hm\pw, XpS¿ hf¿®m km[yX Dd-∏v hcp-Øp-

hm\pw Ign-bWw. AanX hf {]tbmKw/ IoS-\m-in\n D]-tbmKw hgn aÆn-s‚

kzm`m-hnI DZv∏m-Z-\-£-aX Xncn-s®Sp-°m-\m-hmØ hn[w \jvS-s∏-Sp-Ø-cp-Xv.

Aßs\ h∂m¬ _mlyLS-I-ßƒ°v (External inputs -- hfw IoS-\m-in-\n)aÆn¬ H∂pw sNøphm≥ Ign-bn-√. _mlyLS-I-ßsf aÆv Xnc-kv°-cn-°p-

Ibpw aÆv aW-embn amdp-Ibpw sNøpw. AXp-sIm≠v aÆn-s‚ kzm`m-hnI

DZv∏m-Z-\-£-aX \ne-\n¿Øp-hm-\pw,- ss\-k¿KnI tijn Db¿Øp-hm\pw

Ign-bp∂ coXn-Ifpw am¿K-ßfpw kzoI-cn-°-Ww.

27


kmaqly\oXnbpw Xp√yXbpw (Social Justice and Equity)

ASn-ÿm\ Pohn-Xm-hiyßƒ F√m-h¿°pw Dd-∏m-°p-Ibpw Ah-cpsS

Ign-hn\pw, XmXv∏cyßƒ°p-a-\p-k-cn®v {]h¿Øn°p-hm\pw, h-f-cp-hm-\p-ap≈

kml-Ncyw krjvSn-°pI F∂-XmWv {][m\w. D¬∏m-Z-\hpw, hn-`-h-kw-c-£-

Whpw (tX-bne) hn]-Wnbpw IqSp-X-embn \S-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ Xp√yX Dd-∏m-°m≥

Ignbpw. AtXm-sSm∏w kmaqly-˛kmw-kv°m-cnI kmº-ØnI Nqj-W-ßfpw,

CS-\n-e-°m-cpsS A\n-b-{¥nX CS-s]-S-ep-Ifpw, \nb-{¥W hnt[-b-am-°m-\p≈

I¿Ω ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ \S-∏n-em-°Ww.AØcw {]h¿Ø\-ßƒ°v k¿°m¿

k¿°cnXc hnI-k\ GP-≥knIfp-ambn tN¿∂v {]h¿Øn°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

P\]¶m-fnØw (People’s Participation)

\oXn-bn-e-[n-jvSn-X-amb (CSR) Hcp ]≤-Xn-bpsS \n¿Δ-lWØn\v F√m

L´-ß-fnepw P\ ]¶m-fnØw A\n-hmcyamWv. ]≤-Xn-bpsS cq]n-I-cWw,

\-S-Øn∏v, hne-bn-cp-Ø¬, XpS¿kw-c-£Ww XpS-ßnb taJ-e-I-fn-se√mw

P\]¶m-fn-Øw Dd∏p hcp-Ø-p-hm≥ Ign-bWw. WAM Tea ICS Hcp sNdnb

kaq-l-Øn¬ Bcw`n-®-Xp-sIm≠v ]c-kv]c kl-I-cWw, Iq-́ mbva, F-∂n-hbv°v

IqSp-X¬ {]m[m\yw D≠v. tIhe]¶m-fnØ kz`m-h-Øn¬ \n∂pw amdn Hmtcm

L´-ß-fnepw, {]-h¿Ø\ß-fnepw kzbw Gs‰-Sp-°p∂ kPoh ]¶m-fnØ

\b-amWv kzoI-cn-t°-≠-Xv. {Inbm-flI kaq-l-sØ-bmWv hf¿tØ≠-Xv.

D‰vkv So k¿´n^n-t°-j≥ ]≤-Xn°p th≠n cq]n-I-cn® AssUz-kdn

IΩn‰n, A-{]q-h¬ IΩn‰n, ICS {]h¿ØI Sow, hnhn[ k_vIΩn-‰n-Iƒ, eoUv

^m¿tagvkv, I-º-\n-bpsS t_mUv Hm^v Ub-d-Ivt‰gvkv, P-\-d¬ t_mUn

AwK-ßƒ F∂n-h-cpsS Iq´mb {]h¿Ø\-ß-fn -eqsS P\-ß-fpsS

{]mXn\n[yhpw CS-s]-S-ep-w Dd-∏m-°m≥ Ign-™n-´p-≠v. ]≤-Xn-bpsS s]m-Xp-

hmb XmXv∏cyw kwc-£n-°-s∏-S-W-sa-¶n¬ aXn-bmb ]¶m-fnØw Dd-∏m-°ntb

]‰q. Hmtcm hy‡nbpw, ]u-c\pw Gs‰-Sp-t°≠ IS-a-Ifpw DØ-c-hm-Zn-Øz-

ßfpw, {]-h¿Ø\ßfpw kaq-l-Øn\p th≠n am‰w hcp-tØ≠ hn´phogv®-

Ifpw XpS-ßnbh kw_-‘n®pw hy‡amb Adnhpw [mc-W-I-fpw

D≈-h-cm-bn-cn-°-Ww.

]¶m-fnØ hnI-k\˛kao-]\w (Participatory Devolepment Approch)

hb\mSv At{Km aqhvsa‚v So Iº\n˛D‰vkv So t{]mP- IvSns‚ Bkq-{X-

W-Ønepw \n¿ΔlWØnepw F√m taJ-e-I-fnepw, L-´-ß-fnepw hyXyÿ

Xe-ß-fn-ep-≈-h¿°v ]¶m-fn-Øhpw DØ-c-hm-ZnØzhpw \¬Ip∂ ]¶m-fnØ

hnI-k\ kao]\-amWv kzoI-cn®p \S-∏n-em°n hcp-∂-Xv. ]≤-Xn-bpsS

cq]n-IcWw Bhiyamb ]T-\-ßƒ, Xn-cp-Ø-ep-Iƒ, am‰-ßƒ,- hn-i-I-e-\w,-

28


\-S-Øn∏v, ss]e‰v t{]mPIvSv, A-Xn-s‚ kwc-£Ww, XpS¿kwc-£Ww,

Xp-S¿\S-Øn-∏v,- Xp-Sßn F√m Xe-ß-fnepw P\-]-¶m-fnØw Dd-∏m-°p-hm≥

{]Ir-Xnbv°p Ign-™p.

kpXmcyX (Transperency)

P\]¶mfnØw, kpÿncX, Xp√yX XpSßnbh Dd∏m°Wsa¶n¬

]≤XnIfpsS \SØn∏n¬ kpXmcyX AXymhiyLSIamWv. GXv

]≤XnIfmsW¶nepw P\-ßsf, I¿j-Isc, sXmgnem-fn-Isf hnizmk-Øn¬

sIm≠ph-cm-sX-bp≈ {]h¿Ø\ßƒ°v \ne-\nev∏v C√. \ΩpsS ]≤-Xn-bn¬

hnI-k\ ]cn-]m-Sn-I-fn¬ {]mtZ-inI kaq-l-Øn\v IqSp-X¬ Ah-k-chpw, KpW-

]-c-amb CS-s]-Sepw, A\p-tbmPy kml-Ncyßfpw, D≠m-Ip-∂p. ^mIvS-dn,

bqWn‰v XpS-ßn-bh kPo-h-am-I-W-sa-¶n¬ kpXmcyX A\n-hmcyamWv. F¶n¬

am{Xta kpÿnc hnI-k-\hpw, \oXn-bn-e-[n-jvSnX D¬∏-∂-ßfpw, D≠m-°p-

hm≥ Ign-bq.

F¥psIm≠v hb\mSv At{Km aqhvsa‚v So Iº-\n- I-cn-am-\n D‰vkv

So t{]mPIvSn\v sXc-s™-Sp-Øp.

kmaq-lnI \o[nbne[njvSnXamb Hcp ]≤Xn-bmWv (CSR) D‰vkv So

t{]mPIvSv. tIm¿∏-td‰v irwJ-e-bp-ambn _‘n-∏n-°p-tºmƒ Hcp {]tZiØn -

s‚ ka-{Khpw, imkv{Xobhpw, Zo¿L-Im-e-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep≈Xpamb hnI-k\w

]cn-K-Wn-°Ww. AXm-bXv hnI-k-\-Øn-\p≈ ASn-ÿm\ {]h¿Ø\ bqWn‰v

AYhm taJe Xocpam\nt°≠n hcp∂p. hnIk\Øns‚ {][m\

D]t`m-‡m-°ƒ a\pjycmb-Xn-\m¬ kaq-l-Øn-s‚ (ChnsS tXbne ^mIvS-

dnsb _‘n-∏n-°p∂ {]tZ-iØn-s‚) AYhm {]tZ-iØns‚ {]tXyIXbpw

`q{]Ir-Xnbpw A\pkcn®mWv WAM Tea Co.sb ]≤Xn Gcnbbmbn

sXc-s™-Sp-Ø-Xv.

ASn-ÿm\ hn`-h-ß-fmb aÆv, Pew, ssPh-k-ºØv, P\-ßƒ, F∂n-h-

bpsS ka{K ]cn-]m-e-\-Øn-eqsS am{Xta ÿmbn-bmb {]h¿Ø\w km[yamhq.

AXp-sIm≠v Ahsb IqSp-X¬ ssIImcyw sNøp∂ {]tZ-iß-sf-bmWv

bqWn-‰mbn IW-°m-°p-Ibpw, sXc-s™-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂-Xv. hSt°

hb-\m-́ n¬ \n∂pw WAM Tea Co.°v sImfp¥v \¬Ip∂ I¿j-I-cpsS ̀ q{]-

tZ-iamWv sXc-s™-Sp-Ø-Xv. sNdp-InS tXbne I¿j-I¿ Hmlcn DS-a-I-fmbn

P\-]-¶m-fn-Ø-tØmSp IqSnb Iº\n F∂ _lp-a-Xnbpw {][m\ Imc-WamWv.

IqSmsX ]cn-ÿnXn, ssPh-k-ºØv, D¬∏m-Z\w, I¿j-I¿,- sXmgnem-fn-Iƒ,

kwkv°-cWtIμw, hn-]Wn F∂nh ]c-kv]cw _‘nXhpw ]qc-I-hp-ambn

ImW-s∏-Sp∂ Ne-\m-fl-I-amb bqWn-‰mWv WAM Tea ICS. \nehn-ep≈

29


Im¿jnI (tX-bne) taJ-e-bpsS XI¿®bpw AXp-aq-e-ap-≠m-Ip∂ h≥

hn]Øpw G‰v hmßp-∂Xv IqSp-Xepw sNdp-InS I¿j-Icpw sXmgnem-fn-I-fp-

amWv. D‰vkv So t{]mPIvSns‚bpw, {]-Ir-Xn-bp-sSbpw, tkmfnUcnUmUns‚bpw,

Imgv®∏mSpw e£yhpw, {]h¿Ø\ßfpw, a\pjys‚ ka{K hnI-k-\hpw

{]Ir-Xn-bpsS XpS¿ kwc-£-W-hp-am-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v I¿j-I¿, sXmgnem-fn-

Iƒ, hmWnPytaJ-e-Iƒ, {]-IrXn/]cn-ÿnXn Ch-bpsS ka{K hnI-k-\hpw,

kmaqly\oXnbpw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-hm-\p≈ Xo{h-{i-a-Øn-emWv {]h¿Ø\ßƒ

{Iao-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ASn-ÿm\ hn -̀h-ß-fpsS ka-{K-X-bn-eq-∂nb hnI-k\

kao-]-\-amWv {]IrXn kzoI-cn-®Xpw \S-∏n-em°n hcp-∂-Xpw. \ne-hn-ep≈

Iº-\n-bpsS {]h¿Ø\ kwhn-[m-\-ßƒ, P-\-d¬ t_mUn, ̀ cWkan-Xn, hnhn[

k_v IΩn-‰n-Iƒ, tIm¿Sow, ICS, SHGIƒ XpS-ßn-bh Iº-\n-bpsSbpw

t{]mPIvSns‚bpw IqSp-X¬ ka-{K-Xbpw, G-tIm-]-\hpw sIm≠ph-cp-hm≥

Ign-bp-∂p-sh-∂Xv {it≤-b-am-Wv.

3000 In.-an. A[nIw ag e`n-°p∂ tIc-f-Øn¬ Pe-Zu¿_eyw cq£-ambn

GI-tZiw 400c hsc NqSv A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-∂p. ̀ qK¿` Pet{kmX v {Iam-Xo-X-

ambn Ipd-bp-∂p. Pet{kmX pIƒ°pw aÆn\pw bmsXmcp ]cn-c-£bpw

Imcyambn \¬Ip-∂n-√. asÆm-en∏v h¿≤n®p hcn-Ibpw ssPhm-hÿ

Ipd-bp-Ibpw sNøp∂p. Aim-kv{Xob Irjn-co-Xn-Ifpw aW¬ hmcepw,

h-\-\-io-I-c-Whpw, cq£-amb {]Xn-k-‘n-bn-te°pw {]Ir-Xn-bpsS Ak-¥p-

en-Xm-hÿbnte°pw Imc-W-am-Ip-∂p. 75% sNcn-hp≈ hb-\m-´nse Ip∂p-

Ifn¬ tXbn-e-sN-Snbv°v Hcm-h-c-Wambn ]S¿∂v Ip‰n sNSn-I-fmbn hf-cp-hm≥

km[n°p∂Xp-sIm≠v Pe aÆv kwc-£WØn\v tXbne Irjn A\p-

tbmPyamWv. CXp-aqew ÿe-]-cn-]m-e\w \S-Øp-hm≥ Ign-bp-∂p. \nXyhcp-

am-\-ap≈ sNSn F∂Xpw tXbn-e-bpsS {]tXyIX-bm-Wv.

30


1990˛IfpsS Ah-km\w hb-\m-´nse sNdp-InS tXbne I¿j-Icpw,

I-º-\nbpw cq£-amb sh√p-hn-fn-I-sfbpw ̀ oj-WnI-sfbpw t\cn-tS≠n h∂p.

hne XI¿®bpw, B`y¥c A¥¿tZ-iob hn]-Wnbpw, GP‚p-am-cp-sSbpw

CS-Ø-´p-Im-cp-sSbpw A\n-b-{¥nX CS-s]-S-ep-Ifpw, hn]-Wn-bnse IpØ-I-

Ifpw, kmt¶-XnI hnhc˛hn⁄m\˛hym]I ]cn-]m-Sn-I-fpsS A`m-hhpw,

{][m\ {]iv\-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p. Cu kml-NcyØnemWv {]Ir-Xnbpw tkmfn-

UmcnUmUpw Icn-am-\n-bn¬ hcn-Ibpw hb-\m-´nse sNdp-InS ^mIvS-dn-I-

fpsSbpw I¿j-I-cp-sSbpw {]iv\-ßsf°pdn®v ]Tn-°p-hm\pw XpS¿ Kth-j

W-ßƒ \S-Øp-hm\pw Bcw-`n-®-Xv. ]pØ≥ kmº-ØnI \b-ß-fpsS

`mK-ambn temIØv hf¿∂p h∂p-sIm≠ncn-°p∂ hmWnPytaJ-e-I-fnse

tIm¿∏-td‰v kwhn-[m-\-ßfpw, ^mw apX¬ cmPy¥c am¿°‰v hsc, IrjnbnS-

Øn¬ \n∂v hntZi am¿°‰nte°v KpW-ta-∑-bn-eqsS `£ykpc-£bpw,

km-º-ØnI `{Z-Xbpw F∂ Bi-bsØ ASn-ÿm-\-am°n N¿®-Iƒ \S-Øp-

Ibpw AXn-eqsS Dcp-Øn-cn™ sFIyZm¿VyXbpw, Bth-ihpw {]Xo-£-bp-

amWv GIXm D‰vkvv So t{]mPIvSv Bcw`n°m\p≈ kmlNcyw. 2008- BKkvXv

1mw XnbXn apX¬ HutZymKnI-ambn t{]mPIvSv \ne-hn¬ h-∂p. Rßƒ

Is≠-Ønb Iº-\nbpsS i‡nbpw, £-a-Xbpw, \n¿_‘nX LS-I-ßfpw

sh√p-hn-fn-Ifpw Xmsg tN¿°p∂p.

WAM Tea Co. bpsS, \n¿_‘nX LS-I-ßƒ/i‡n-Iƒ

sh√phn-fn-Iƒ

Iº-\n-bpsS t\ -́ßƒ, i‡n, £-a-X

Ipd™ \nc-°n-ep≈ cmkhf IoS-\m-in\n {]tbm-Khpw _lp-hnf

k{º-Zm-bhpw

hb\mSv At{Km aqhvsa‚v So Iº-\n-bn¬D‰vkvv So t{]mPIvSns‚ Bcw -̀hpw{]h¿Ø\ßfpw (2007˛2010)

8

31


A\p-tbmPyamb Imem-h-ÿbpw ̀ qan-bpsS {]tXyIX-Ifpw ̀ q{]-Ir-Xnbpw

tXbne Irjn°v A\p-tbmPyamb ]cn-ÿn-Xn.

]®tXbne/sImfp¥n\v Xmc-Xtay\ sa®-s∏´ hne.

kzm{ib kwLßfpsSbpw, kq£vaXe kwhn[m\ßfpsSbpw,

{]h¿Ø\ß-fpw, GtIm-]-\hpw.

tXbne Irjn-bn-ep≈ hnizkvXX,- Xm-Xv∏cyw tXbne Irjn-bn-ep≈

ÿnc-X,- ]-cn-Wm-a- Ir-jn-tbm-Sp≈ Xm¬∏cy°pd-hv.

So t_mUv D]mkn, tI{μ˛k¿°m¿ GP≥kn-I-fp-am-bp≈ _‘-ß-fpw-˛-

Xp-S¿ kwc-£-Whpw GtIm-]-\-hpw.

^mIvSdn hn`mKw

KpW-\nehmcap≈ So ^mIvSdnbpw KpW-\n -ehmcap≈ tXbne

D¬∏-∂-ß-fpw.

tXbne D¬∏m-Z-\-Øn-s‚ _lp-`q-cn-`m-Khpw tee-tI{μØn¬ ÿnc-ambn

hn¬°p-∂p.

sNdp-InS tXbne I¿j-I-cp-sSbpw, kl-Im-cn-I-fp-sSbpw, Hmlcn hnlnXw

sIm≠v Bcw-`n® ^mIvSdn sNdp-InS tXbne I¿j-I-cp-sS-Xmb Iº-\n,-

]p-tcm-K-Xnbpw {]Xo-£-bpw.

icn-bmb Zni-bn-ep≈ amt\-Pvsa‚n-s‚bpw, I¿j-I-cp-sSbpw, ̂ e-{]-Z-amb

{]h¿Ø\-ßƒ.

kpi-‡-amb sNdp-InS tXbne I¿j-I-cp-sSbpw, sXmgnem-fn-I-fp-sSbpw,

]n¥p-Wbpw, k-l-I-c-W-hpw.

hn]Wn{]mtZ-inI kwcw-`-ßfpw, ÿm-]-\-ßfpw, aX-ÿm]-\-ß-fp-am-bp≈

i‡-amb _‘-ßƒ.

I¿j-I-cpsS X\n-a-bm¿∂ tXbne F∂ Bi-bhpw, hn-\n-a-bhpw, Xt±-i-

tjm∏pIfpw, IpSpw_ßfpambp≈ ^e{]Zamb _‘-ßfpw,

CS-s]-S-ep-I-fpw.

So t_mUv, teesk‚¿ F∂n-h-cp-am-bp≈ \√ _‘-ßƒ, AXp-hgn

bYm-k-a-b-ß-fn-ep≈ tZio-b-˛-A-¥¿tZ-iob hn]Wn kw_-‘n® hnhc

tiJ-c-Whpw hn\n-tbm-Khpw.

]pjv∏-Kncn {_m‚n-ep≈ D¬∏-∂-ß-fpsS hym]\w.

32


Iº-\n-bpsS (WAM Tea Co.) -\n¿_‘nX LS-I-ßƒ/

sh√phnfnIƒ (Constraints)

sNdp-InS tXbne I¿j-Icpw ^mapw

GIo-IrX tXbne Irjn coXn-I-fpsS A`mhw

\ne-hn-ep≈ hn]Wn, hne \ne-hm-cw, -tX-bne-bpsS Unam‚v, F∂n-h-sb-

°p-dn-®p≈ Ipd™ Adnhv.

A\p-tbmPyamb b{¥-h-Xv°-c-W-Øn-s‚ A`m-hw.

sXmgnem-fn-I-fpsS A]cym]vX-bpw, Ip-dhpwaqew, -sImfp¥v tiJ-c-W-

Øn-s‚ Ime-N-{I-Øn¬ h∂ am‰w. (plucking circle)

KpW-\n-e-hm-c-ap≈ ]®-tX-bne-bpsS D¬∏m-Z-\-Ønepw, tiJ-c-W-Ønepw,

Aÿn-c-X.

kmt¶-XnI hn⁄m-\-Øn-s‚bpw, imkv{Xob Irjn-co-Xn-I-fp-sSbpw,

KpW-\n-e-hmcw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp∂ D¬∏m-∂-Øns‚bpw, Ahy‡Xbpw

A-dn-hn-√m-bva-bpw.

`qcn-̀ mKw I¿j-Icpw, sXmgnem-fn-I-fpw, t_m[h¬°cWhpw, ]T\-ßfpw,

\S-tØ-≠-Xp-≠v.

sImfp¥v kaml-I-c-W-Øn\v ê-{]-Z-amb kw`cW Unt∏m-bpsS

(collection centere) A`mhw.

I¿j-I¿°v bYm-k-a-b-ß-fn¬ Irjn-bn-S-Øn-te°v Bhiyamb cmk-hf

IoS-˛-If \min-\n-I-fpsS e`yX°pd-hv.- aq-e-[-\-Øn-s‚ A`m-hw.

So ^mIvSdn

KpW-\n-e-hm-cw sa®-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\pw ÿncX Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp∂Xn\pw

\ne-hn¬ ê-{]-Z-amb kwhn-[m-\-ßƒ C√.

bYm k-a-b-ß-fn¬ I¿j-I-cn¬ hne \ne-hmcw, hn-]-Wn-bpsS A`mhw,

Kp-W-\n-e-hmcw, F∂nh FØn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ kwhn-[m\w C√.

^mIvSdn Poh-\-°m¿°pw amt\-Pvsa‚n\pw Bhiyamb ]T\ ]cn-io-e-\-

ßƒ e`n-®n-ń-√.

^mIvS-dn-bnse Poh-\-°m-cpsS ka-b-\njvT, bqWnt^mw XpS-ßnb

\n¿_‘ambn ]men-°-s∏-tS≠ Imcyßƒ ]men-°-s∏-Sp-∂n-√.

33


A\m-tcmKy]chpw, ̂ e-{]-Z-hp-a-√mØ kwhn-[m-\-ßƒ, sImfp-¥n-s‚ Xcw-

Xn-cn-°¬, Afhv, Xq°w, Irjn, kw_‘n® \n¿t±iß-ƒ sISp-°p-∂-

Xn¬ kw`-hn-°p∂ ]cm-P-bhpw hogv®-bpw.

KpW-\n-e-hm-c-ap≈ tXbn-e-bp-sSbpw, tXbne D¬∏-∂-ß-fp-sSbpw,

hniz-kvX-Xbpw, D-d∏pw ÿnc-Xbpw, \ne-\n¿Øp∂-Xn\v km[n-°p-∂n-√.

^o¬Uv seh¬ Irjn Akn-Ã‚p-am-cp-sSbpw Irjn sUtam¨kv{S-‰vam-cp-

sSbpw Ipd-hv.

Iqen,- iºfw, sImfp-¥n-s‚ hne XpS-ßnb-h-bpsS hnX-c-W-Ønse

Ime Xmakw

ASn-ÿm\ Ahiykwhn-[m-\-ß-fp≈ Hm^okv (I. T.) kwhn-[m-\-Øn-s‚

Ipd-hv.

hn]-Wn-bnse kmt¶-XnI, A-{]-Xo-£nX {]iv\-ßƒ ]cn-l-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈

ap≥I-cp-X¬ ]≤Xn-I-fpsS A`m-hw.

hn]Wn

hn]Wn Is≠-Øp-∂-Xnepw \ne-\n¿Øp∂-Xnepw D≠m-bn-cn-t°≠

Hu]Nm-cn-I-X-bpsS Ipd-hv.

{]mtZ-inI hn]-Wn-bpsS XpS¿kw-c-£W apd-I-fpsS A`m-hw.

hn]WnbpsS/ D]-t`m-‡m-°-fpsS A`n-cp-Nn-°-\p-k-cn-®p≈ tXbne

s]m-Sn-I-fpsS hnX-c-W-Øn-s‚ A`m-hw.

Iº-\n-bpsS _‘-ß-fn¬ hcp∂ ktlm-Z-c-ÿm-]-\-ß-fnepw, kl-Im-cn-

I-fnepw, ̂ e-{]-Z-amb coXn-bn-ep≈ hn]Wn Is≠-Øp-∂-Xn-ep≈ A`m-hw

anI-hp‰ _‘-ß-fp-sS-bpw {]h¿ØIcp-sSbpw Ipd-hv.

A]cym]vXamb aqe-[-\w.

34


kpÿn-chpw, imkv{Xo-b-hpamb hym]mc coXnbpw, hym]mc irwJ-ebpw,

Ir-jnbpw hnI-kn-∏n-s®-SpØv, Iº-\n-sbbpw, KpW-t`m-‡m-°-sfbpw,

D]t`m‡m°-sfbpw, tZiob A¥¿tZ-iob Xe-Øn¬ _‘n-∏n®v

\oXn-bn-e-[n-jvSnXamb D‰vkv So D¬∏-∂-ßƒ D≠m°n ka-{K-X-bn-se-Øn-

°p-hm-\p≈ I¿Ω ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ Bkq-{XWw sNbvXv \S-∏-n-em-°p-I.

klm-bI kwcw-̀ -ßsfbpw, kzm{ib kwL-ßsfbpw, kl-Im-cn-I-sfbpw,

A\p-_‘ÿm]-\-ß-sfbpw, tIm¿∏-td-‰p-I-sfbpw, hIp-∏p-I-sfbpw,

GtIm-]n∏n®v im‡o-I-cW {]h¿Ø\-ßƒ \S-Øp-I.

hnZKv≤ sXmgn-em-fn-I-sfbpw, kmt¶-XnI hnZ-K-≤-cp-sS-bpw, Kth-j-I-cp-

sSbpw, k¿°m¿-˛k¿°mcn-Xc, GP≥kn-I-fp-sSbpw, klm-b-tØmsS ^e-

{]-Z-amb Ip‰-a‰ ̀ c-W-kw-hn-[m-\hpw, \n¿ΔlW]m-S-hhpw, coXnbpw, hf¿Øn

kpÿn-c-amb KpW-ta-∑-bp≈ tXbne D¬∏-∂-ßƒ D≠m-°p-I. bYm-k-a-b-

ß-fn¬ D]-t`m-‡m-hn-s‚ A`n-cp-Nn-°-\p-k-cn®v hnhn[ Xcw KpWhpw, cpNnbpw,

KpW-\n-e-hm-c-ap≈ s]m-Sn-Iƒ hn]-Wn-bn-se-Øn-°pI. ]cn-ÿn-Xn-°-\p-

tbmPyambn \oXn-bn-e-[n-jvSn-X-ambn {]h¿Øn°p∂ ÿm]-\-ß-sfbpw, kwL-

S-\-I-sfbpw, kaq-l-ß-sfbpw, _‘n-∏n®v kpÿnc Irjnbpw, ka{K hnI-k-

\hpw, kmaqly]cn-c£, kmaqly \oXn, ̀ £ykpc£, kpÿn-cX Dd-∏p-h-cp-

Øphm≥ th≠ {]h¿Ø\ßƒ Bkq-{XWw sNbvXv \S-∏n-em-°p-I.

]≤Xn {][m-\-ambpw 4 (\m-ev) taJ-e-I-fmbn Xcw Xncn-®n-cn-°p∂p

ÿm]\w, kw-L-S-\m-Xew˛]-cn-jv°m-c-ßƒ/{]h¿Ø\ßƒ

sNdp-InS I¿j-I-cpsSbpw, sXm-gnem-fn-I-fp-sS-bpw, hnI-k-\hpw,

imIv-Xo-I-cW hn⁄m\ hym]\ {]h¿Ø\-ßƒ.

GIXm˛D‰vkv So t{]mP-IvSns‚ {][m\e£yßfpw, {]-h¿Ø\ taJ-e-bpw

9

35


^mIvS-dn, -bq-Wn-‰v,- A-\p-_‘ ÿm]-\-ßfpsS hnI-k\w, sXmgn-em-fn-Iƒ,

amt\-Pvsa‚v, XpS-ßn-b-h-cpsS imIv-Xo-I-cW hn⁄m\ hym]\ {]h¿Ø\-

ßƒ. (ssh-ZKv≤y ]cn-io-e-\-ßƒ).

kpÿnc hn]-Wn-bpsS Is≠-Øepw hym]-\-hpw hnI-k-\hpw.

]≤XnsIm≠v {]Xo-£n-°p∂ {][m\ ^e-ßfpw, t\ -́ß-fpw

kpÿnc IrjncoXn, Kp-W-\n-e-hm-c-ap≈ sImfp¥v, sIm-fp¥n\v sa®-s∏´

hne e`n-°-p∂ kml-Ncyw

ssh-ZKv≤yhnI-k-\w,- am-t\-Pvsa‚v,- tX-bne D¬∏-∂-ßƒ,- ^m-IvS-dn-bn

-se-bpw,- Irjn ̂ map-I-fn-se-bpw,- sX-mgn¬ ]cn-io-e-\-hpw,- sXm-gn¬ hnI-k-\-hpw.

Irjn-sbbpw, ^m-IvS-dn-sb-bpw,- hn-]-Wn-sbbpw, GtIm-]n-∏n®v kpÿnc

hnI-k\Øn\p th≠nbp≈ {]h¿Ø\-ßƒ.

\√ KpW-\n-e-hmcw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Ønb tXbne D¬∏-∂-ßƒ,- am-Xr-Im-]-c-amb,

Imcy£a-amb `cW kwhn-[m-\-ß-fpw, ^mIvSdnbpw, {]h¿Ø\-ßƒ.

sNdp-InS I¿jIcpsS D‰vkv So D¬∏∂ßƒ A¥¿tZiob am¿°-‰n-se-

Øp-∂p.

tZio-b-˛-A-¥¿ tZiob hym]mc irwJ-e-bpsS GtIm-]\ {]h¿Ø\-

ß-fpw,- ^-e-{]-Z-amb kwhn-[m-\-ßfpw Ah-bpsS XpS¿ kwc£-Whpw.

cmPy¥c, tXbne hym]mc irwJ-e-bn¬ aq√y[njvSnX, aq√yh¿≤nX tXbne

hym]m-c-Øn-s‚bpw hym]mc irwJ-e-bn¬ ÿnc-Xbpw ]pØ≥ hym]mc

kwkv°m-chpw ]mcn-ÿn-XnI {]h¿Ø\-ß-fpw.

{][m-\-s∏´ \n¿ΔlW Xe-ßƒ

1. kwL-S-\m-X-ew˛LS-\m-]cw

hnhn-[-Xcw k_v IΩ-‰n-Iƒ \n¿ΔlW {]{In-b-bnse hnhn[ Xe-ßƒ

2. I¨kƒ´‚v k¿Δ-ok v

Irjn/^mw kw_‘n®pw hn]Wn kw_‘n®h, ^mIvS-dn, k¿°m¿

˛k¿°mcnXc GP≥knIƒ, _m¶v, [\Imcy ÿm]\ßƒ, tIm¿∏-td-‰p-

Iƒ,- Xp-S-ßn-bh kw_-‘n-®v.

3. IrXy\njvS-tbmSpw, {I-aambpap≈ tbmK-ßƒ, hnebncpØepIƒ,-

b-Ymk-a-b-ß-fn¬, Hmtcm Xeßfn-ep-ap≈ hkvXp-Xm-]-c-amb tcJ-Iƒ

Xøm-dm-°epw kq£n-°-epw.

36


GIXm D‰vkv So t{]mP-IvSn-s‚ {]h¿Ø\-ßfpw t\´-ß-fpw,- hn-i-I-e\w

sNbvXm¬ A¤p-Xm-h-l-amb am‰-ßƒ hcp-Øp-hm≥ km[n-®p-sh-∂Xv A`n-am-

\¿l-am-Wv. ^mIvS-dn-X-ew,- km-aq-ly-X-ew,- kmw-kv°m-cn-I-X-ew,- Im¿jn-I-X-ew,

hn]-Wn-,- Xp-S-ßn-bh {][m\ taJ-e-I-fm-Wv.

kmaqly Iq´mbva:-˛Hcp {]tZ-isØ P\-ß-fpsS hnhn[ kwkv°mc

aq√y-ß-fpw,- B-Nm-c-\p-jvSm-\-ß-fpw,- Z¿i-\-ß-fpw,- Hcp IpS-°o-gn¬ hcp-Øp-

∂-Xn-\pw,- am-\p-jnI aqey-ß-fpw,- km-aq-ly-\o-Xnbpw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-∂-Xn\pw

km[n-®p. Xmeq-°nse 6 ]©m-bØpIfn¬ \n∂p-ambn 426 I¿j-I¿°v

H∂n-°p-hm\pw \qX\ Irjn coXn \S-∏n-em-°p-∂-Xn\pw km[n-®p. I¿j-

I¿°pw, tX-bne ^mIvS-dn°pw, Ah-cpsS Dev∏-∂-ßƒ sa®-s∏´ KpW-\n-e-

hm-c-tØmSp IqSn D≠m-°p-hm\pw a‰p Dev∏-∂-ß-fp-am-bn Xmc-X-ay-]-T\w

\S-Øp-hm\pw km[n-®p. ]pØ≥ hn]-W\ km[y-X-Iƒ Is≠-Øp-hm-\p≈

Ah-k-c-ßƒ D≠m-Ip-Ibpw tZinb A¥¿tZ-iob Xe-ß-fn-ep≈ hy‡n-Ifpw

ÿm]-\-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´ {]h¿Ø\ßfn¬ G¿s∏-SpØphm\pw Ign-

™p. {]IrXn, tkmfn-Um-cn-UmUv, C≥tUm-tk¿´v, So t_m¿Uv, D]mkn etc.

tkh-\-cw-K-ß-fp-am-bp≈ _‘w

am\¥hmSn SuWn¬ Im¿jnI ]T-\-hn-\n-a-b-tI{μw Bcw-`n-®p. taevØcw

KpW-ta-∑-bp≈ Im¿jnI D]-I-c-W-ßƒ I¿j-I¿°v \evIp-hm\pw, B-i-b-

hn-\n-a-b-Øn\v C‚¿s\‰v Is^ Bcw-`n-°p-hm\pw Ign-™p. GIXm

t{]P-IvSn-s‚ `mK-ambn tI{μSn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Icn-am-\n-bn¬ Im¿jnI D]-I-c-

W-ß-fp-sSbpw, Io-S-\m-in-\n-I-fp-sSbpw, hn-ev∏\ sk‚¿ Bcw-`n-®p. tXbne

I¿j-I¿°v KpW-\n-e-hm-c-ap≈ acp-∂p-Ifpw bt{¥-]-I-c-W-ßfpw

D‰vkv So t{]mP-IvSn-s‚ t\ -́ßƒ

10

37


\evIn-b-Xp-hgn hn⁄m\ hym]mc]cn-]m-Sn-I-fpsS klm-b-tØmSp IqSn 40%

tXbne Dev∏m-Z\w h¿≤n∏n-°p-hm≥ Ign-™p. I¿j-Icpw Dev∏m-Z\

kwkv°cW taJ-e-bp-am-bp≈ _‘w h¿≤n∏n-°p-hm≥ Ign-™p. Dev∏-∂-

Øn-s‚ KpW-\n-e-hm-chpw, Dev∏m-Z\ kwkv°-cW {]{In-b-I-fnse Imcy-\n¿Δ-

lW tijnbpw, hn-]-W\ X{¥-ßfpw sa®s∏SpØp-hm≥ km[n-®p. ]pXnb

hn]-W\ taJ-e-Iƒ Is≠-Øm≥ klm-bn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p.

138 tXbne I¿j-Isc KpW-t`m-‡m-°-fmbn Xnc-s™-SpØv Btcm-Ky-ta-

J-e-bpsS hnI-k-\-Øn-s‚ `mK-ambn BtcmKy C≥jp-d≥kv \S∏n-em-°n.

2009˛10 kmº-ØnI h¿j-Øn¬ 21 I¿j-I¿°v 1,35,000/- cq] C≥jp-

d≥kv C\Øn¬ hnXcWw sNbvXp. tI{μ k¿°mcns‚ {]h¿Ø\-ß-tfmSv

kl-I-cn-°p-hm-\pw, So t_m¿Uv, D]mkn F∂n-h-bp-ambn \√_‘w krjvSn-

°p-hm\pw, \ne\n¿Øphm\pw km[n-®p.

I¿j-I¿°v 75%AUzm≥kv XpI \evIp-∂-Xn-\p≈ kwhn-[m\w

Bcw`-n-®p. 5 If£≥ sk‚¿ (hm-fm-Sv,- B-em-‰n¬, ]pXn-bn-Sw, Ccp-a-\-Øq¿,

a°n-bm-Sv)- B-cw-`n-®p. If£≥ sk‚¿ aptJ\ sImfp¥n-s‚ hne hnX-cWw

sNbvXp. ^mIvSdn hnebv°v Nmb-s∏m-Sn-Iƒ sk‚-dp-I-fn-eqsS I¿j-I¿°v

hnX-cWw sNøphm≥ XpS-ßn. ^mIvS-dn-bnepw, I¿j-I-cnepw, B-tcm-Ky-

kw-c-£Ww Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øn. I¿j-I¿°v hn⁄m\ hym]\ eLp-te-J-Iƒ

hnX-cWw sNøphm≥ XpS-ßn.

Iº-\n-bpsS \b-ßfpw e£y-ß-fpw,- kw-_-‘n® hnh-c-ßƒ {]Z¿in-∏n-

°p-Ibpw {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Icn-am\n Iº-\nsb P\-a-≤y-Øn-

se-Øn-°p-hm≥ Ign-™p. sImfp¥n\v ss{Kbn-Un-wKv k{º-Zmbw sIm≠p

h-cp-hm\pw sa®-s∏´ hne \evIp-hm\pw km[n-®p. I¿j-I¿°pw ^mIvSdn

sXmgnem-fn-Iƒ°pw amt\Pvsa‚ n\pw \nehmcap≈ s{Sbn\nwKv \evIn.

sImfp¥n-s‚ hne bYm amk-ß-fn¬ I¿j-I-cn¬ FØn-°p-hm\pw t\m´okv

t_mUn¬ {]Z¿in-∏n-°p-hm\pw XpS-ßn. Iº-\nsb A]vs{Kbn-Uv sNøphm≥

Ign-™p.

ICS (Internal Control System) B`y-¥c KpW-ta∑ kwhn-[m\w hf¿Øp-

∂-Xn\pw Imcy-£-a-am-°p-∂-Xn\pw km[n-®p. AXp-aqew sImfp¥n\v Dev∏m\w

h¿≤n®p. KpW-ta∑ h¿≤n®p.tXbn-e-s∏mSn \ne-hm-c-Øn-te°v Db¿∂p. tee-

sk‚-dn¬ Iº-\n-bpsS X\na h¿≤n®p.Iº-\n°v Hcp Hm∏-td-‰nwKv am\p-h¬

D≠m-°p-hm≥ Ign-™p. ̂ mIvS-dn-bn¬ HACCP \S-∏n-em-°p-hm≥ Ign-™p.

^mIvSdn \ho-I-cW {]h¿Ø\-ßƒ \S-Øn. Iº-\n-bnepw, ICS epw, I¿j-

I-cnepw \√ tUmIypsat‚j≥ kwhn-[m\w hf¿Øp-hm≥ Ign-™p. 2009˛10

kmº-ØnI h¿jw Iº-\n-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ KpW-\n-e-hm-c-ap≈ tXbne

38


ssXIƒ sIm≠ph-cp-∂-Xn\pw aq∂v e£-tØmfw ssXIƒ I¿j-I¿°v

hnX-cWw sNøphm\pw km[n-®p. Sot_m-Up-ambn _‘-s∏-SpØn 42 I¿j-

I¿°v ]pXn-b- tX-bne-tØm-´-ßƒ D≠m-°p-∂-Xn\v k¿°mcn¬ \n∂pw [\-

k-lmbw t\Sp-∂-Xn-\p≈ \S-]-Sn-Iƒ ]q¿Ønbmbn. XpI hnX-cWw Bcw-̀ n®p.

30 I¿j-I¿°v ASn- I-hm-Øn-\p≈ At]£ \evIp-Ibpw XpI A\p-h-Zn-

°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. 2009˛10 kmº-ØnI h¿jw ]pXnb tXm´w D≠m-°p-∂-

Xn\v [\-k-lmbØn\v At]£ Xøm-dm-°p-∂-Xn\pw I¿j-I¿°vv At]£

hnX-cWw sNøp∂Xn\pw km[n-®p. 2009˛10 kmº-ØnI h¿jw GI-tZiw

200 G°¿ tXbn-e-tØm´w G A P eqsS Bcw-̀ n-°p-hm≥ km[n-®p. 56 I¿j-

I¿°v So t_mUn¬ tXbn-e-tØm´w cPn-Ã¿ sNøp∂Xn\v km[n-®p.

kmº-ØnI t{imX- p-I-fp-am-bp≈ _‘w

^≠v tiJ-cW am¿§-ßƒ Is≠-Øp-hm≥ klm-bn-°p-hm≥ km[n-®p.

Sot_mUv, hyh-kmb hIp∏v, a‰v [\-Im-cy-ÿm-]-\-ß-fp-am-bp≈ _‘w

hf¿Øp-hm≥ km[n-®p. k¿°m¿ ]≤-Xn-bn-eqsS e`y-am-°m-hp∂ ]≤XnIsf-

°p-dn®v Ah-t_m[w hf¿Øp-hm≥ km[n-®p. \√ C\w tXbne ssXIfpw,

km-t¶-XnI D]-I-c-W-ßfpw, hn-Zy-Ifpw D]-tbm-Kn®v Dev∏m-Z\ h¿≤\hpw KpW-

\n-e-hm-c-hpw, ta∑bpw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-hm≥ Ign-™p. Dev∏m-Z\ sNehv 25%

Ipd-bv°p-∂-Xn\v km[n®p. s]mSnbpsS out turn Db¿Øp-hm≥ (20%)

km[n-®p. hym]m-c-hy-h-kmb hnhc t{kmX- p-I-fp-am-bp≈ Bib hn\n-ab

_‘-ßƒ D≠m-°p-hm\pw AXv aqew Dev∏m-Z\ hnX-cW irwJ-esb Btcm-

Ky-]-c-ambn kwc-£n-°p-hm\pw (chain of custody) km[n-®p.

ap≥Ime-ßsf At]-£n®v sImfp¥n-s‚ hne 10 cq]-bn-¬ XmgmsX

]nSn®p \n¿Øphm≥ Ign-™p. Adnhv, hnZym-`ymkw, hn-hc˛e`yX I¿j

I¿°pw, D-ev∏m-Z-I¿°pw, Imem-\p-kr-X-ap≈ hnhc kmt¶-XnI hnZy-Ifn¬

A-dnhv \evIp-hm-\p≈ kwhn-[m\w Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-hm≥ Ign-™p. Irjn hn⁄m-

\tI{μw, Im¿jnI k¿Δ-Iem ime, D-]mkn, So-t_mUv, a‰v k∂≤ kwL-S-\-

Iƒ, k¿°m¿ GP≥kn-Iƒ, F∂n-h-cp-am-bp≈ ^e-{]-Z-amb _‘-ßfpw

CS-s]-S-ep-I-fpw, {][m\ {]h¿Ø\ß-fm-Wv. k¿´n^nt°-j≥ {]h¿Ø\ß-

fpsS ̀ mKambn \√ Irjn- co-Xn-Ifpw {]h¿Ø\ß-fpw,- Xp-S¿˛kwc-£-W-ap-d-

I-fpw, kw_-‘n® hn⁄m\ hym]\ ]cn-]mSn \S-Øp-hm≥ Ign-™p.

B`y-¥c KpW-ta∑ am\-Z-WvU-ßƒ, Kp-W-ta∑ coXn-Iƒ XpS-ßnb k¿°pe¿

I¿j-I-cn¬ FØn-°p-∂-Xn\v km[n-®p. I¿j-I-cp-sS-Xmb Hcp {]kn-≤o-I-c-

W-Øn\v XpS°w Ipdn-®p. s]mXphm-bpw,- kw-L-ß-fm-bpw,- sk-an-\m-dp-Iƒ

\SØn bYm-k-a-b-ß-fn-ep≈ kq£va-Xe ]cn-tim-[-\-Ifpw klm-bI

{]h¿Ø\ß-fpw, hgn KpW-\n-e-hm-c-Øn-s‚ anIhv h¿≤n∏n-°p-hm\pw

39


]pØ≥ kao-]-\-ß-fpw, at\m-̀ m-h-hpw, DW¿Δpw D≠m-°p-hm≥ Ign™p. Irjn-

tbm-Sv,- sX-mgnen-t\mSv sshIm-cnI _‘w D≠m-°p-hm≥ Ign™p. ÿm]-\sØ

kw_-‘n-®pw, k¿´n^nt°-js\ kw_-‘n®pw Dev∏-∂-ßsf kw_-‘n®pw

Bfl-hnizmkw hf¿Ø-p-hm≥ Ign-™p. hn]-Wn-bn¬, {Km-a-ß-fn¬, WAMTea s]mSn Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂, P\-ßƒ CjvS-s∏-Sp∂ tXbn-e-bmbn hf¿Øp-

hm≥ Ign-™p. D]-t`m-‡m-°ƒ°v aqey-X-\na D≈Xpw D]-Im-c-{]-Zhpw Btcm-

Ky-kp-c-£-bp-≈-Xp-am-sW∂ tXm∂¬ hf¿Øp-hm-\pw,- \n-e-\n¿Øphm\pw

Ign-™p. km[m-c-W-°m¿ tNmZn®v Icn-am-\n-s]mSn hmßp∂ kml-Ncyw

D≠mbn. Hcp h¿j-°m-e-ambn ÿnc-ambn WAM Tea Iº-\n-bpsS Nmb-s∏mSn

D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ Nmb-°-S-°m-c-t\mSv A`n-{]mbw Bcm-™-t∏mƒ At±lw

{]Xn-I-cn-®Xv Cß-s\-bmWv Du‰v Ipd-™m-se¥m \√ Nmb In´p-at√m

hniz-kn®v B¿°pw IpSn°mw hnjw D≠m-hn-√. WAM Tea tXbn-e-s∏m-Sn-bpsS

KpW-ta-∑-sb- kw_‘n® Xncn-®-dnhv (Good will) D≠m-bn. Irjn cwKØv

\√ sImfp¥v D≠m-°p-hm\pw Cu h¿jw (2009˛10) 40% h¿≤\hv ImWn-

°p-hm\pw Ign-™p.

tZiob A¥¿˛tZiob Xe-ß-fn¬ \S-Ønb hmWnPy ]T-\,- hn-X-c-W,-

hn-]-W-\,- irw-J-e-I-fp-ambn _‘-s∏-Sp-hm-\pw, Dev∏m-Z-I¿, hn-X-c-W-°m¿,

Ib-‰p-a-Xn-°m¿, hym]m-cn-Iƒ F∂n-h-cp-am-bp≈ _‘w krjvSn-°p-hm\pw

Ign-™p. k¿°m¿ hnI-k\ hIp-∏p-I-fpw, Sot_mUv XpS-ßn-b-h-cp-am-bp≈

Bkq-{XW {]h¿Ø\-ß-fn-epw,- hn-⁄m-\-hym-]\ ]cn-]m-Sn-I-fnepw CS-s]-Sp-

hm\pw kl-I-cn®v {]h¿Øn°p-hm\pw Ign-™p. tPmen-°m-cpsS kz`m-h-

Ønepw s]cp-am‰ coXn-I-fn-epw,- a-t\m-̀ m-h-ß-fnepw am‰w D≠m-°p-hm\pw Btcm-

Ky-]-c-amb hnI-k-\-]-c-amb at\m-`mhw hf¿Øp-hm\pw Ign-™p. h¿≤n®

am\-h-tijn D≠mbn am¿°-‰nwKv ent¶Pv D≠m-bn. \√ B[p-\nI k÷o-I-c-

W-ß-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb C T C ̂ mIvS-dn,\√ I C S {]h¿ØI Sow, A-®-S-°-ap≈

sXmgnem-fn-I-fpw, amt\-Pvsa‚pw, -{]-Ir-Xn,- tkm-fn-Um-cn-UmUv, C≥tUm-tk¿´v

XpS-ßnb NGOs Ifp-am-bp≈ _‘w hf¿Øp-hm-\pw, kwc-£n-°p-hm\pw

Ign-™p. hn]-Wnbnse Ak-¥p-en-X-Iƒ ad-nI-S-°p-hm≥ Ign-™p.

A\pIqe k¿°m¿ \b-ßƒ

^mIvSdn-sb-bpw,- I¿j-I-sc-bpw,- k-lm-bn-°p-∂-Xn\pw t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-

∂-Xn-\pw, tI{μ kwÿm\ k¿°mcpIfpsS \b-ß-fpw, {]h¿Ø\ßfpw

klm-bn-®p. ]pXnb tXbn-e-tXm´w D≠m-°¬,- ^m-IvS-dn-bpsS \ho-I-cW

{]h¿Ø\-ßƒ \nIpXn Cf-hp-Iƒ, Cd-°p-aXn Xocphm Cfhv, k_vko-Un-

Iƒ,- hn-h-c- k-t¶-XnI hnZy-I-fpsS e`yX XpS-ßn-bh {][m-\-s∏-´-h-bm-Wv.

t\´ßƒ C\nbpw [mcm-f-ap-≠v.

40


kwL-SnX i‡n, Iq-́ m-bva,- Aw-K-ß-fpsS ]n≥_-ew,- hn-̀ h kam-l-c-Whpw

kwc-£-W-hpw,- kw-L-ß-fpsS s\‰vh¿°v, H∂n®p IqSp-hm-\p≈ ÿew,

(-Hm-ô-kv) \√ t\Xr-Xzw, D‰vkv k¿ń^nt°-j≥ hgn Iº\n IqSp-X¬

i‡-cmbn F∂ t_m[yw,- t{]-PIvSv hgn I¿j-I-cpw,- sXmgnem-fn-Ifpw AkvXn-

Xz-hpw,- Aw-Ko-Im-chpw t\Sn sImSpØpsh∂ tXm∂¬ hf¿Øp-hm≥

Ign™p. GIXm D‰vkv So t{]mPIvSv hgn Iº-\n°v [mcmfw Ah-k-c-ßfpw

km[y-X-Ifpw Is≠-Øp-hm≥ Ign-™p.

GIXm skmssk‰n cq]oIcn®v {]h¿Ø\w Bcw`n°pIbpw, sNdp-InS

tXbne˛I¿j-I¿°v sImfp¥v am¿°‰v sNøphm\p≈ kml-Ncyhpw

D≠m-bn. I¿j-I¿°pw, ^m-IvSdn sXmgnem-fn-Iƒ°pw imkv{Xo-b-amb Adnhv

t\Sp-∂-Xn\v km[n-®p. km[y-X-Iƒ A\-¥-am-Wv. tI{μ k¿°mcnepw,-

So- t_mUnepw \nb-a-]-c-am-bp≈ cPn-kvt{S-j≥ \S-Øp-hm≥ Ign-™p.

XpS¿∂pw _‘w \ne-\n¿Øphm\p≈ kml-Ncyw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-∂p.

AwK-ß-fpsS kmaq-ln-I,- ssh-⁄m-\nI hf¿® ]pXnb Irjn-co-Xn-I-ƒ, _Z¬

Irjn-co-Xn-Iƒ, {]IrXn kwc-£Ww, hn`h kwc-£W taJ-e-bp-am-bp≈

kao-]-\-ßfpw {]h¿Ø\ß-fpw, ]pXnb {_m‚v Dev∏-∂-ß-fpw, Ib‰v aXn,-

hn-]-W-\-ti-jn,- hn-X-cW tijn,- hn-hn[ ÿe-ß-fnse I¿j-Icpw,- hn-]-Wn-bp-

am-bp≈ _‘w, KpW-ta-∑-bp≈ sImfp¥v, tXbn-e-s∏mSn, sXmgne-h-k-c-ßƒ,

Irjn-bn-epw,- kw-kv°-cW bqWn-‰nepw imkv{Xobamb ]T\w XpS-ßn-bh

{][m-\-ß-fm-Wv.

_e-lo-\-X-Iƒ, -sh-√p-hn-fn-Iƒ

Iº-\n°v aqe-[-\-Øn-s‚ Ipd-hv, ssZ\w-Zn\ {]h¿ØsNe-hns‚

h¿≤\hv, ]W-an-S-]m-Sp-I-fnse Aim-kv{Xo-bX, ]ecpw hy‡n-]-c-amb t\´w

e£y-an-Sp-∂p. ]c-kv]-c-hn-izm-k-°p-d-hv,- Iº-\n kmº-Øn-I-ambn kzbw

]cym-]vXa√. ùXnI kml-N-cy-ß-fpsS A]-cym-]vXX hnZKvZ sXmgnem-fn-I-

fpsS e`y-X-°p-d-hv, h¿≤n® Dev∏m-Z\ sNe-hv, t\Xr-Xz-X-Øn-s‚ sISp-Im-cy-

ÿ-X,-Xo-cp-am-\-ßƒ \S-∏n-em-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Ime-Xm-a-kw,-A-]-Iz-amb

t]mfn-knbpw {]h¿Ø\ßfpw, k¿°mcns‚ amdn-h-cp∂ \b-ß-fpw,-

k-ao-]-\-ß-fpw,- hn-hc kmt¶-XnI (IT) taJ-e-bpsS D]-tbm-K-°p-d-hv, {]iv\-

ß-fn¬ Xo¿∏v Iev∏n-°m-\mhmØ kml-N-cyw, a‰v Iº-\n-I-fp-Ss-bpw,

GP‚vam-cp-sS-bpw, A\m-tcm-Ky-]-c-amb CS-s]-S¬ sXmgn¬ {]iv\-ßƒ,

\ne-h-hmcw Ipd™ Dev∏m-Z\ D]m-[n-Iƒ, I¿j-I-sc-bpw,- a‰pw sX‰n-≤-cn-∏n-

°p∂ {]h¿Ø\-ßƒ, Ip{]-Nm-c-Ww, ]Iz-amb Bkq-{X-W-Øn-s‚bpw

\n¿ΔlWØns‚bpw Ip-dhv, BtKmfXm] hym]-\w˛Ak-¥p-en-Xm-hÿ

Imem-h-ÿ, bm{Xm-ku-I-cy-Øn-s‚ Ipd-hv. ê-{]-Z-amb hn]-Wn-bpsS Ipd-hv.

41


1. Xfn-cn-e-Iƒ am{Xw \p≈pI

2. aq∂v Cebpw Xncnbpw / c≠v Cebpw _m©nbpw am{Xw \p≈p-I.

3. hnc-ep-IƒsIm≠v sImfp¥v FSp-°p-I.

4. sNSn-bpsS apIƒ`m-KØv ImWp∂ apc-Sn® apIp-f-ßƒ (_m-©n-Iƒ)

ka-bm-k-a-b-ß-fn¬ \p≈n-F-Sp-°p-I.

5. sNSn-bpsS \nc∏v (a-´w) F√m-bvt∏mgpw ]cn-]m-en-°p-I.

6. a´-Øn¬ ImWp∂ {Xniq-em-Ir-Xn-bn-ep≈ sNdp-Nn-√-Iƒ (ap-Sn-®n) ka-bm-

k-a-b-ß-fn¬ HSn-®p-am-‰p-I.

7. sImfp¥v FSp-°p-∂-Xn\v IØn, Acn-hmƒ F∂nh D]-tbm-Kn-°m-Xn-cn-

°p-I.

8. sImfp¥v XW-eØv / sjUn¬ \nc-Øn-bn-Sp-I.

9. \ncØn C´n-cn-°p∂ sImfp-¥n¬, hfw, IoS-\m-in-\n-Iƒ, hnk¿Py-

h-kvXp-°ƒ, arK-ßƒ, ]£n-Iƒ ]S-cmsX kq£n-°p-I. a‰pa-c-ß-fpsS

Iºp-Iƒ, Ce-Iƒ XpS-ßn-bh s]dp°n am‰p-I.

10. hml-\-ß-fn¬ Ib-‰p-tºmƒ am{Xw sImfp¥v Nm°n¬ \nd-bv°p-I.

11. Nm°n¬ 25 Intembne-[nIw \nd-bv°m-Xn-cn-°p-I.

KpW-\n-c-hm-c-ap≈ Nmb D¬∏m-Zn-∏n-°m≥ Sot_m¿Uns‚ \n¿t±-i-ßƒ

11

42


List of Maximum Residue LimitsEstablished in the Japanese General Food Law

in the Tea Practises (UTZ Certified List of MRLS)

MRL(PPM)

Name of crop protection product(Active Ingredient)

1. 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (Agronact) 0.1

2. Bromide (Methyl Bromide) 60

3. Carbofuran (Thimat etc.) 1

4. Chlorphyrifos 0.05

5. Cypermethrin 0.05

6. Deltamethrin, Tralomethrin (Intotal) 2

7. Dichlorros 0.2

8. Diuron (Weedicide etc.) 0.02

9. Glyphosate Weed off round up) 1

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Prakruthi43, 2nd Cross, Ramaya LayoutSt. Thomas Town PostKammanahalliBangalore - 560 084Tel: +91 80 2543 8935/36Fax: 080 4173 2338www.prakruthi.org

SolidaridadSouth and South East AsiaA-5, 1st Floor, Shankar Garden,Main Najafgarh Road, Vikas Puri,New Delhi - 110 018Tel: +91 11 2551 5122/ 23www.solidaridad.in/nl

Executive DirectorTea Board, Govt. of India,Shelwood, Coonoor Club Road,Coonoor, Nilgiris Dist.Tamil Nadu - 643 101Tel +91 423 2221 464/ 2231 638Fax: 2232 332

Joint Controller of LicensingTea Board Govt of IndiaIndira Gandhi Road,Willingdon Island,Kochi - 682003, KeralaTel: 0484 2666 523, 2668 481Fax: 0484 2666 648

Tea Board Govt. of IndiaCollege Road, Kottayam - 686 001Tel: 0481 2567 391Fax: 0481 2567 391

UPSAI & KVKGlenview, Coonoor,The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu - 643 101Tel: 0423 2230 772/ 2240 972

DirectorUPASI Tea Research FoundationValparai, Tamil Nadu

Advisory OfficerUPSAI - Tea Research FoundationRegional Centre,Mepadi - WayanadTel: 04936 282463

Tea Board enlisted Soil LaboratoriesKerala and Nilgiris

UPSAI & KVKCoonoor - Nilgiris - Tamil Nadu

UPSAI & KVKCalicut Road, GudalloorNilgiris - Tamil Nadu

Kerala Agriculture - UniversityTrichir & Ambalavayal, Kerala

Important Address

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vikasanavum susthira teyila krishiyum

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