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Institute of Machine ElementsCalculation, simulation and experimental analysis of gears, synchronizers, clutches and rolling element bearings

n The Institute of Machine Elements (FZG) focuses on the development of methods and tools for reliable determination of fatigue life, efficiency, friction and vibration characteristics of gears and transmission elements.

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Karsten Stahl

Contact

www.fzg.mw.tum.de [email protected] Phone +49.89.289.15807

The Institute of Machine Elements, also known as ‘Gear Research Centre’ (FZG),is an established internationally renowned research centre for gears and transmissions. The development of methods and tools for reliable determination of fatigue life, efficiency and vibration characteristics of gears and transmission elements isthe primary focus of research activities at FZG. FZG has state-of-the-art facilities for the examination and testing of different machine elements – such as gears, synchronizers, clutches and rolling element bearings.The research projects of FZG range from theory-oriented basic research to application-related work. The projects are financed and supported by different organisations. A large number of these projects are initiated, financed andsupervised by the Forschungsvereinigung Antriebstechnik e.V. (FVA), usually together with the Arbeitsgemeinschaft industrieller Forschungsvereinigungen (AiF). Otherimportant research partners include the

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), the Bayerische Forschungsstiftung, the Deutsche Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft für Erdöl, Erdgas und Kohle e.V. (DGMK), the FVV or the Stahlforschung. In addition, many application-oriented projects are requested and commissioned directly by industry.Our education lecture series and exercises in machine elements represent the basic training of mechanical engineering. Inthe lecture, the students learn to select machines and machine elements pro- perly, to design them and to calculate their properties. This knowledge is then practically applied to design and calculation examples within the lecture-related exercises. A very important aspect of thisis that the students learn to communicate in the ‘engineer’s language’ – with sket- ches and drawings. Practical relevanceand topicality are also an important criteria for lectures with special subjects. Last but not least, this is ensured with lectures byexecutives from industry.

Research Components

The focus of research activities is the experimental and theoretical examination of gear components and drive systems.

Cylindrical Gears

Back-to-back gear test rig(a=91.5mm)

Cylindrical gears are the most common

transmission types. The fatigue life of cylindrical gears is limited by pitting, micro-pitting, scuffing, wear, tooth root breakage

2 Institute of Machine Elements

or tooth flank breakage. The basis for the experimental examination of such gear damage is the standard FZG back-to-back gear test rig, which was developed by FZG and is used all over the world.The described types of damages, as well as material, lubricant and efficiency examinations for external and internal gearings, can thereby be carried out very efficiently. In addition to sufficient load-carrying capacity and good noise characteristics, research is increasingly focusing on the efficiency performance of gears.

Exemplary projectsn AiF project ‘Verlustleistung von Stirn-

radverzahnungen’n AiF project ‘Optimierung Flankentrag-

fähigkeit’

n FVA project ‘Flankenbruch Stirnräder’n AiF project ‘Fettschmierung Klein-

getriebe’n Industrial project ‘Ultrafan’ Rolls Royce

Bevel and Hypoid Gears

Bevel gears are used for power and torque transmission between non-parallel axes. The main application field of bevel gearsis the automotive industry. However, bevel gears are also used in large numbers in train and ship propulsion, as well as in industrial gearboxes.The FZG hypoid gear test rig was developed for life tests on bevel and hypoid gears. Like the FZG back-to-back gear test rig, this rig operates on the principle of the mechanical power circuit. These test rigs are used for the examination of tooth root and tooth flank load- carrying capacity, as well as for hypoidgear oil tests.

Exemplary projectsn AiF project ‘Kegelrad-Carbonitrieren’n FVA project ‘Vorauslegung Beveloidrä-

der’n AiF project ‘Erweiterte Tellerradgrüb-

chentragfähigkeit’

Left: bevel and hypoid gear test rigAbove: Hypoid gear

Worm Gears

Worm gears offer the possibility of realising high transmission ratios in only one stage. Thus a considerably high axial sliding occurs, leading to reduced efficiencies. Due to the large overlap,worm gears have low noise and vibration levels. Self-locking and self-braking are possible by appropriate choice of the gear geometry. The application of worm gears as power gearboxes is mainly limited by wear, pitting or limited efficiency. Other material combinations than the conventi- onal combination of steel and bronze are more endangered by scuffing.Both electrically and hydrostatically loaded test rigs are available for the determination of sliding wear, pitting and scuffing of common worm gear bronzes, as well as brass, grey cast iron and spheroidal cast iron.The results are represented as

specificwear or scuffing damage in correlation to the drive torque or as pitting growth over the number of load cycles. The high percentage of sliding for worm

gears causes higher power losses with increasing transmission ratio. With torque measurement shafts, efficiency tests for every operating condition can be performed with these test rigs. The tooth root load-carrying capacity of worm gears can be determined within pulsator tests.

Exemplary projectsn AiF project ‘Schnecken-

Schraubrad- getriebe II’


n AiF project ‘Schneckenrad Fertigungs-parameter’

n FVA project ‘SCHRAD2’

Left: worm gear test rigAbove: worm gear

Synchronizers

Above: synchronizerRight: ZF/FZG SSP-180 test rig

In vehicle manual and DCT transmissions, gears are changed by the actuation of tooth clutches. Synchronizers are usedto realise equal rotational speed in the tooth clutch, which is necessary for convenient gear shifting. The requirements for synchronizers are application-specificand cover a wide spectrum. Besides a

high torque transfer capability and related high energy and power density for the friction material and the lubricant, low wear and high long-term stability of the friction behaviour, as well as convenient gear shifting are important development objectives.Examinations of friction, wear and service life behaviour of synchronizers are carried out with the FZG standard synchronizer test rig ZF/FZG SSP-180.

Exemplary projectsn FVA project ‘Carbon-/Sinter-Reibungs-

verhalten’n FVA project ‘Schädigungsmechanismen

Carbon-Reibwerkstoffe’

Multidisc Clutches

Above: multidisc clutchesRight: KLP-260 disc clutch test rig

Oil-lubricated multidisc clutches and brakes are used for example in automatic transmissions for gear shifting and for frictionally engaged power transmission. Multidisc clutches are characterised by a high power density in a compact design. They canbe actuated under load and difference in rotational speed because the torque is transmitted by friction. Functional and service-life behaviour depend to a large extenton the load and the friction system. The

mechanical and thermal load of the clutch which occurs during the shift operationsare not constant in practical application but vary due to different shifting conditions.The friction, wear, drag loss and service-life behaviour of oil-lubricated multidisc clutches are examined with the FZG multidisc clutch test rigs. Accordingly, an evaluation of the influences of friction material, groovepattern, volume of oil flow, lubricant and loadon friction, wear and drag loss behavior is possible.

Exemplary projectsn FVA project ‘Carbon-Ölverträglichkeit’n FVA project ‘Carbon-Ölverträglichkeit II’n AiF project ‘Spontanschäden Lamellen-

kupplungen’n AiF project ‘Langsamlaufschlupf

Lamellenkupplungen’

Rolling Element Bearings


Rolling element bearings are used for the guidance of axles and shafts, whereby they absorb radial and/or axial forces and

simultaneously allow the rotation of the shaft or of the mounted components. Thus the friction and power loss should be kept

to a minimum. With the bearing powerloss test rig of the FZG, the bearing losses under load or no-load can be measuredfor various bearing arrangements. These results then can be used for the validation of the common calculation methods for the determination of the bearing losses. Taking bearing losses in the test rig into account, the resulting gearing losses can be determined.Wear and frictional behaviour of bearings depend on the lubricant used. Evaluation of lubricant samples is possible on the roller bearing lubricant test rig FE-8, according to DIN 51819, for the determi-nation of anti-wear capacity.

Exemplary projectn FVA project ‘Lebensdauer-Industriege-

triebe-Wälzlager’

Rolling element bearings power loss test rig

Research Topics

In addition to the investigation of transmission components, the FZG also focuses on basic and comprehensive research topics of transmissions and machine elements in general.

EHL-Tribological Contact

For gear drives, the ratio of sliding to rolling along the path of contact is vari- able. Basic investigations on rolling and sliding contacts are performed on twin- disc machines, which make it possible to adjust any slide-roll ratios at differentrotational speeds. Local measurements of pressure, temperature and film thickness can be performed by means of thinfilm sensors. Theoretical consideration and calculations (EHL theory) supplement the experiments.In classical hydrodynamics, the contact surfaces are assumed to be rigid. The lubricant wedge formation only depends on the lubricant and the speed ratios of both contact partners. This simplification is not possible for high pressures. The flexible deformation of the contact area, as well as the viscosity change in thecontact zone on the basis of differences in temperature and the high local pressure, can no longer be neglected. These effects are recorded on computed distributionsof pressure, temperature and lubricant

EHL film thickness distribution

film thickness in the contact by applying the EHL theory. Complex simulations can be used to calculate them numerically. Consequently main shear and octahedron stresses below the surface of the two contact partners can be determined.

Exemplary projectsn DFG project ‘Reinhart Koselleck-Projekt’n DFG project ‘Triboinduzierte Schichten

/ SPP 1551’n FVA project ‘LFP

Öberflächenbeschich- tungen’n AiF project ‘CHEOPS3‘

Influence of a DLC coating in gearcontacts


Load-Carrying Capacity

Scuffings on a spur gear

A large part of the research topics deals with the load-carrying capacity of the components cylindrical, bevel, hypoid and worm gears, as well as multidisc clutches, synchronizers and rolling element bearings. For gears, fatigue lifetime isoften limited by pitting, micropitting, wear, scuffing, tooth root breakage and tooth flank fracture.The results of many research projectsat FZG are gained from theoretical and

experimental investigations. In order to develop a method, simulation models are usually developed and validated by extensive experimental studies.

Exemplary projectn FVA project ‘Gleitgelagerte Wellen-

Lager-Systeme’

Dynamics/NVH

Internal additional dynamic forces, which change tooth stress and affect noise behaviour of the transmission, occur in running transmissions. The NVH behaviour of gears is becoming more and more important due to increased customer expectations regarding noise. The additi-onal dynamic forces must be considered

during development of high-performance transmissions. Experimental and theoretical investigations are used to determine these additional dynamic forces and to develop and improve analytical calculation models for the simulation of excitation and vibration behaviour.

EfficiencyIn addition to sufficient load-carrying capacity and good noise characteristics, research is increasingly focusing on the efficiency performance of gears. Efficiency investigations on oil- or grease-lubricated cylindrical gears are carried out with the FZG efficiency test rigs under different operating conditions.In parallel, oil distribution and no-load losses are determined by means of CFD simulations and validated with results ofexperiments. Efficiency test rig

Fatigue Life Analysis

In the context of fatigue life analysis, the fatigue life of gears can be determined under time-varying operating conditions, e.g. for vehicles and industrial applications. Load, temperature and speed spectra, which are determined fromreal operating conditions and modified

for operation in the test rig, are used to investigate this fatigue life. In pulsators or back-to-back gear test rigs with hydraulic load application the load can be varied during the operation according to these load spectra. Thus fatigue life investigations are possible.

Alternative Materials, Composites and Coatings

Plastic gears can be advantageous inspecific transmission applications. Thehigh material damping has a positive effect on the noise behaviour, the low mass and mass inertia can be distinguished in transmissions, which are subject to high acce- lerations. The main advantage of plastic gears is their dry run capability. This makes them ideal for applications e.g. in the field of medical technology, food processingor the printing industry, where lubrication is not possible for functional or hygienic reasons. High friction losses in the dry run capability of plastic gears limit the trans- mittable power from a thermal viewpoint. Loss-optimised gears exhibit significantly lower friction losses by concentrating the meshing around the pitch point.A composite structure, in which the teethare made of steel and the wheel body is

made of plastic, combines the advantages of steel and plastic gearings. Besides increasing the lightweight design potential, it is possible to manipulate the dynamic system behavior favorably by using composite gears. Moreover the tribological properties and the flank load-carrying capacity of steel gearings can be optimised by using extremely hard coatings e.g. amorphous carbon coatings. The impact of such coatings on efficiency and fatigue life is investigated at FZG.

Exemplary projectsn StMBKWK project ‘FORCIM3A’n StMBKWK project ‘Kronenradverzah-

nungen’n DFG project ‘Kunststoffzahnräder’

Plastic gear with steel body

Drive Systems/Electromechanical Drives

The demand for sustainable mobility requires the development of innovative drive systems with optimised energy management. One opportunity of realising this is represented by hybrid drive systems, which are a combination of several different power sources and aggregates. The research into hybrid drive systems at the FZG has been carried out since 1993. The main topics areconception and simulation of hybrid drive systems. For the development of alternative drive systems, special simulation tools have been engineered to evaluate the properties of drive concepts. The aim of complete vehicle simulations is the determination of fuel economy and driving dynamics for different driving cycles and manoeuvres. A variety of configura- tions and parameters must be identified for concept studies; especially high requirements are necessary with respect to the computational time of simulation models. Nevertheless a high degree of flexibility

and expandability must be given in order to detail the vehicle models for further analysis.

A special highlight in this field is the‘Active Differential’. The lightweight, compact and efficient system with torque vectoring function in the drive train of Visio.M (TUM electric vehicle) offers a high potential for increasing driving dynamics and recuperation performance.The aim of the project Speed2E is the development, optimization and con- struction of a high speed powertrain for electrical automotive applications, which allows a tripling of motor speed. During the project aspects like efficiency, tooth excitation and vibration transmissions are considered.

Exemplary Projectsn StMBKWK project ‘FZG-

Augsburg Ressourceneffiziente Antriebstechnik’


n BMWi project ’Speed2E –Hochdrehzahl-Getriebe’

n DFG project ‘Split- Verbrennungsmotor’

Powertrain Visio.M

Research Focusn Experimental examinations and simula-

tions of gear systems and componentsn Load-carrying capacity, efficiency and

NVH of cylindrical, bevel, hypoid and worm gears

n Durability and friction behaviour ofmultidisc clutches and synchronizers

Competencen Calculation, simulation and experimen-

tal analysis of load-carrying capacity, efficiency and NVH of gears

n Standardisation: DIN/ISO/CECn FVA/VDI/DGMKn Failure analysis, seminars, trainings

Infrastructuren Test facility (> 80 test rigs)n Measuring laboratoryn Materials laboratoryn Lubricants laboratoryn Electro/electronic laboratoryn Workshopn Gear grinding machine LGG 280

ManagementProf. Dr.-Ing. Karsten Stahl, Director

EmeritusProf. i. R. Dr.-Ing. Bernd-Robert Höhn

Guest LecturersProf. Dr.-Ing. Manfred HirtDr.-Ing. Burkhard Pinnekamp, Renk AG Dr.-Ing. Joachim Thomas, Voith AG

Department Leaders Dipl.-Ing. Daniel Kadach Dr.-Ing. Michael OttoDr.-Ing. Hermann PflaumDr.-Ing. Johann-Paul StemplingerDr.-Ing. Thomas Tobie

Senior Engineers (retired)Dr.-Ing. Klaus MichaelisDr.-Ing. Peter Oster

Team LeadersDipl.-Ing. Florian Dobler Dipl.-Ing. Thomas Dräxl Dr.-Ing. Sebastian Idler Thomas Lohner, M.Sc.Dipl.-Ing. Werner Sigmund

Gear grinding machine LiebherrLGG 280

Coursesn Machine Elements I + IIn Drive-Systems Technology for Vehiclesn High-performance Gears for Marine

Drives, Wind Energy Plants and Indus- trial Applications

n Design of Gearboxes with CylindricalGears

n Bevel and Hypoid Gears for VehicleDrive Systems

n Special Section Machine Elements – Rolling Pairing

n Synchromesh Systems and MultidiscClutches

Administrative StaffKornelia Güth Andrea Baur Sigrid Mayr Heidrun WolfRobert Rauschmayer

Research Scientists Dipl.-Ing. Robert Acuner Dipl.-Ing. Markus Baar Sabrina Bansemir, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Ivan Boiadjiev Dipl.-Ing. Markus Daffner Dipl.-Ing. Rui DaiDipl.-Ing. Andreas DoblerMartin Ebner, M.Sc.Dipl.-Ing. Christian EngelhardtAndreas Fingerle, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Patrick FischerDipl.-Ing. Maximilian FrombergerDipl.-Ing. Philipp Gwinner Dipl.-Ing. Christian Güntner Dipl.-Ing. Christian Hasl Dipl.-Ing. Michael Hein


Dipl.-Ing. Thomas Jurkschat Dipl.-Ing. Bernhard Kohn Dipl.-Ing. Johannes König Christoph Leonhardt, M.Sc. Hua Liu, M.Sc.Dipl.-Ing. Eva-Maria MautnerDipl.-Ing. Georg Johann MeingaßnerMarco Mileti, M.Sc. Philipp Norgauer, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Jan Parlow Tobias Paucker, M.Sc. Josef Pellkofer, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Tobias ReimannDipl.-Ing. Hansjörg Schultheiß Dipl.-Ing. Stefan Schurer Martin Sedlmair, M.Sc.Felix Siglmüller, M.Sc. Ulrich Stockinger, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Maximilian StrebelMaximilian Trübswetter, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Thanak Utakapan Dipl.-Ing. Katharina Völkel Christian Weber, M.Sc.Dipl.-Ing. Alexander Weigl Uwe Weinberger, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Carolin Wickborn Andreas Ziegltrum, M.Sc.Dipl.-Ing. Maximilian ZimmerDipl.-Ing. Bernd Zornek

Workshop & Testing ManagementDipl.-Ing. Rui Dai Reiner Duschek Karl Maier Markus Pflügler

Workshop & Testing StaffRichard Brandoni Franz Hofmann Robert Kiermeier Harald Mayr Heiko Preuß Thomas Rath Oliver Timm Christian Weber Klaus Winkler Wilma LeykammIngeborg Brodschelm Marco Breidinger Helmut Kammerer Ralf KiepferJosef PöllnerChristopher Neufeld

Selected Publications 2015

n Lohner, T.; Merz, R.; Mayer, J.; Michaelis, K.; Kopnarski, M.; Stahl, K.: On the Effect of Plastic Deformation (PD) Additives in Lubricants. Tribologie+ Schmierungstechnik 62, Heft: 2, pp. 13-24 (2015).

n Fischer, P.; Dräxl, T.; Pflaum, H.; Stahl, K.: Leichtbau in der mechanischen Antriebstechnik – Gewicht einsparen. KEM, Heft: S1-2015, pp. 38-39.

n Stemplinger, J.-P.; Stahl, K.: Gearbox Efficiency –

Focus on Measurements and Lubricant Influences. SAIT. Eleventh International Tribology Conference of the South African Institute of Tribology, Pretoria (2015).

n Stemplinger, J.-P.: FZG and Different TestingMethods for Lubricant Influences on Gear Failure Modes. SAIT. Eleventh International Tribology Con- ference of the South African Institute of Tribology, Pretoria (2015).

n Völkel, K.; Pflaum, H.; Stahl, K.: Analyse desthermischen Verhaltens nasslaufender Lamellen- kupplungen mit dem FVA-Programm KUPSIM. VDI. Kupplungen und Kupplungssysteme in Antrieben2015, Karlsruhe (2015).

n Dräxl, T.; Pflaum, H.; Stahl, K.: Neue Erkenntnisse über Schleppverluste an Lamellenkupplungen. VDI. Kupplungen und Kupplungssysteme in Antrieben2015, Karlsruhe (2015).

n Dobler, F.; Tobie, T.; Stahl, K.: Influence of Low Tem- perature Treatments on the Load Carrying Capacity of Case-Hardened Gears – Influences on the Tooth Root Bending Strength. CWD – Center for Wind Power Drives – RWTH Aachen. 2nd Conference for Wind Power Drives – CWD 2015, Aachen (2015).

n Hensel, M.; Pflaum, H.; Stahl, K.: Schädigungs-

verhalten nasslaufender Lamellenkupplungen– Korrelation von thermischer Beanspruchung und Schädigung. VDI. Kupplungen und Kupplungssys- teme in Antrieben 2015, Karlsruhe (2015).

n Reimann, T.; Stemplinger, J.-P.; Stahl, K.: DerFresstest A/44/Cr – eine Methode zur Prüfung des Fress- und Verschleißverhaltens von Hypoidölen. Tribologie + Schmierungstechnik 62, Heft: 2,pp. 45-53.

n Gwinner, P.; Idler, S.; Otto, M.; Stahl, K.: Gear Design for a High-Speed E-Drive. VDI. Getriebe in Fahrzeugen 2015 – VDI-Berichte 2256, Friedrichs- hafen (2015).

n Sedlmair, M.; Geiger, J.; Stemplinger, J.-P.; Stahl,K.: Efficiency potential of a manual transmission– Simulation of optimization measures in gearsand lubricants. VDI. Getriebe in Fahrzeugen 2015 – VDI-Berichte 2256, Friedrichshafen (2015).

n Zimmer, M.; Otto, M.; Stahl, K.: Uniform geometry calculation of arbitrary gear types for automotive gearings. VDI. Getriebe in Fahrzeugen 2015 –VDI-Berichte 2256, Friedrichshafen (2015).

n Lohner, T.; Mayer, J.; Stahl, K.: EHL Contact Tempe- rature – Comparison of Theoretical and Experimen- tal Determination. STLE. STLE 70th Annual Meeting and Exhibition, Dallas, Texas (2015).

n Strebel, M.; Wirth, M.; Pflaum, H.; Stahl, K.: The

drag torque behavior of manual transmission synchronizers. STLE. STLE 70th Annual Meeting and Exhibition, Dallas, Texas (2015).

n Weigl, A.; Lohner, T.; Mayer, J.; Stahl, K.: EHLContact Temperature – Experimental Determination using New Generation Thin Film Sensors. STLE. STLE 70th Annual Meeting and Exhibition, Dallas, Texas (2015).

n Bobzin, K.; Brögelmann, T.; Stahl, K.; Michaelis, K.;Mayer, J.; Hinterstoisser, M.: Friction reduction of highly-loaded rolling-sliding contacts by surface modifications under elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication. Wear, 328-329.

n Stahl, K.; Idler, S.: Der Speed2E-Hochdrehzahl-An-triebsstrang. FVA – FVV – VDMA. 7. ExpertenforumElektrische Fahrzeugantriebe (2015).

n Kadach, D.; Matt, P.; Tobie, T.; Stahl, K.: Influences of the facing edge condition on the flank load carrying capacity of helical gears. ASME 2015 Inter- national Design engineering Technical Conferences& Computers and Computers and Information inEngeineering, Boston, Massachusetts, USA (2015).

n Dobler, F.; Tobie, T.; Stahl, K.: Influence of low temperatures on material properties and tooth root bending strength of case-hardened gears. ASME2015 Intrnational Design engineering Technical Conferences & Computers and Computers and Information in Engeineering, Boston, Massachu- setts, USA (2015).

n König, J.; Koller, P.; Tobie, T.; Stahl, K.: Correlationof relevant case properties and the flank loadcarrying capacity of case-hardened gears. ASME2015 Intrnational Design engineering Technical Conferences & Computers and Computers and Information in Engeineering, Boston, Massachu- setts, USA (2015).

n Schultheiss, H.; Tobie, T.; Stahl, K.: The Effect ofSelected Grease Components on the Wear Behavior of Grease-Lubricated Gears. Journal of Tribology, Heft: 138, only online (2016).

n Ebner, M.; Lohner, T.; Weigl, A.; Michaelis, K.; Stem-plinger, J.-P.; Höhn, B.-R.; Stahl, K.: Hochbelastete und schnmierstoffgetränkte Wälzpaarungen aus sintermaterial ohne externe Schmierstoffzuführung. GfT. 56. Tribologie Fachtagung, Göttingen (2015).

n Sartori, S.; Gasparini, G.; Stahl, K.; Tobie, T.;Felbermaier, M.: Micro-pitting Failure Analysis and Lesson Learned in Helicopter Planetary Gears. VDI. International Conference on Gears 2015 Internatio- nal Conference on High Performance Plastic Gears2015 International Conference on Gear Production2015, Garching (2015).

n Boiadjiev, I.; Stemplinger, J.-P.; Stahl, K.: New Method for Calculation of the Load Carrying Capacity of Bevel and Hypoid Gears regarding Tooth Flank Fracture. VDI. International Conference on Gears 2015 International Conference on High Performance Plastic Gears 2015 International Conference on Gear Production 2015, Garching (2015).

n Dobler, A.; Tobie, T.; Stahl, K.; Hergesell, M.: Increased Tooth Bending Strength and Pitting Load Capacity of Fine Module Gears. VDI. International Conference on Gears 2015 International Conference on High Performance Plastic Gears 2015 Internatio- nal Conference on Gear Production 2015, Garching (2015).

n Langheinrich, A.; Otto, M.; Stahl, K.: Geometry,strain and deformation of asymmetric spur gears. VDI. International Conference on Gears 2015International Conference on High Performance Plastic Gears 2015 International Conference on Gear Production 2015, Garching (2015).

n Schultheiss, H.; Stemplinger, J.-P.; Tobie, T.; Stahl,K.: Influences on failure modes and load carrying capacity of grease lubricated gears. VDI. Inter- national Conference on Gears 2015 International Conference on High Performance Plastic Gears2015 International Conference on Gear Production2015, Garching (2015).

n Neubauer, B.; Otto, M.; Stahl, K.: Efficient calculation of load distribution and design of tooth flank modifications in planetary gear systems – Static load and deformation analysis in a fully coupled mechanical model of a gear box structure with LAPLASn. VDI. International Conference on Gears2015 International Conference on High PerformancePlastic Gears 2015 International Conference onGear Production 2015, Garching (2015).

n Sigmund, W.; Stemplinger, J.-P.; Otto, M.; Stahl, K.: Simulating the wear behaviour of worm gears with local contact pattern. VDI. International Conference on Gears 2015 International Conference on High Performance Plastic Gears 2015 International Conference on Gear Production 2015, Garching (2015).

n Wickborn, C.; Tobie, T.; Höhn, B.-R.; Stahl, K.:HiPerComp: High performance materials for gears. VDI. International Conference on Gears 2015International Conference on High Performance Plastic Gears 2015 International Conference on Gear Production 2015, Garching (2015).

n Nitsch, C.; Otto, M.; Höhn, B.-R.; Stahl, K.: Vibrationand Damping Characteristics of Steel-Polymer- Compound-Gears evaluated on a Back-to-Back Test Rig. VDI. International Conference on Gears2015 International Conference on High PerformancePlastic Gears 2015 International Conference onGear Production 2015, Garching (2015).

n Hubert, T.; Bauser, M.; Hasl, C.; Tobie, T.; Stahl, K.: Load carrying capacity of cylindrical plastic gears– Requirements of injection molded plastic test gears for back-to-back and pulsator testing. VDI. International Conference on Gears 2015 Internatio- nal Conference on High Performance Plastic Gears2015 International Conference on Gear Production2015, Garching (2015).

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