List of topics

Page 2. Decimals

Page 3. Fractions

Page 4. Decimals and Fractions

Page 5. Addition (column method)

Page 6. Subtraction (column method)

Page 7. Time

Page 8. Money

Page 9. Measurements and their Conversions

Page 10. Roman Numerals

Page 11. Angles

Page 12. 2D and 3D shapes

Page 13. Symmetry

Page 14. Perimeter

Page 15. Area

Page 16. Multiplying and dividing by 10/100

Page 17. Bar Charts

Page 18. Tally Charts

Page 19. Pictograms

Page 20. Word Problems

Page 21. Grid method (multiplication)

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Decimals

Decimals show part of a number.

Decimals are written with a decimal point .This decimal point never moves.

To help you remember this, it is useful to know your place value

3.42 has: 3 ones

4 tenths

2 hundredths

Decimals are commonly used in money –

For example £3.42 would be: 3 pounds and 42pence

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FractionsFractions also show part of a whole.

Equivalent fractions are those that show the same things

For example –

To find a fraction of a number –

If the numerator and denominator are the same it means that it is one whole

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Divide by the bottom number (how many parts it is broken into)!

Then multiply by the top number (how many parts you want)!

Fractions, decimals and percentages

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Addition (column method)Addition is the inverse of subtraction – this means the opposite

ALWAYS START ADDITION AT THE RIGHT HAND SIDE

When adding using the column method, you need to make sure you are using your place value knowledge! Each column needs to be clearly laid out.

When you are adding the units, and end up with a two digit answer, you should carry over the ten to the TENS column.

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Remember to write the operation you are using!

It does not matter which number is on top when adding!

Subtraction (column method)Subtraction is the inverse of addition – this means the opposite

ALWAYS START SUBTRACTION AT THE TOP OF THE RIGHT HAND SIDE

The answer is normally smaller than the number you had at the start.

If you have a bigger number at the bottom, then you have to borrow from the column to the left! For example, if you cannot do the ones column, then you can borrow one from the tens column and change it into ten units.

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Remember to write the operation you are using!

TimeThe minute hand is the long hand and the hour hand is the short hand.

There are different ways of reading the clock.

Digital and analogue

Each number on the analogue clock signifies five minutes. Five times tables are really useful for telling the time.

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45 minutes past the hour is also the same as 15 minutes (quarter to) to the next hour

Quarter pastQuarter to

Half past

O’clock

MoneyDecimals are useful in money

On the left of the decimal point are the pounds and on the right of the decimal are the pence.

After the decimal point, there are ALWAYS TWO DIGITS

When adding money, place value is extremely important!

Don’t try to add pence and pounds in the same calculation – Make sure you are adding the SAME unit!

£1 = 100p

100p = £1

You can also use the number line method to work out how much more money is needed

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The columns are significant!

The decimal point should always be directly underneath the other decimal points.

Measurements and their conversionsWhen measuring with a ruler you always need to start with the first line – normally this is where it says 0

We use different scales when measuring different things!

If measuring the length of things you will be using mm, cm or m

If you are measuring a liquid, you are using ml or l

If you are measuring how heavy something is, you will be using g or kg

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Kilo = 1000

Roman NumeralsThe Romans used to use these instead of the number system we have today.

You cannot have more than 3 of one letter in a row.

For example:

4 = IV (one less than five)

5 = V

6 = VI (one more than five)

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Angles

An angle is where two lines meet. They have to join together.

If you turn an angle, then it will stay the same...It will not change

AngLES not Angels

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2D and 3D shapes

2D shapes are flat – Drawn on a piece of paper

3D shapes can be picked up

All 3D shapes have faces

Regular Shapes – A regular shape is when all of the sides and angles are the same. Therefore a square is regular, but a rectangle is not. It is irregular.

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Symmetry

There should be the same shape on both sides of the symmetry line – If you fold it, it should fold perfectly.

A shape can have numerous lines of symmetry.

All regular shapes have at least one line of symmetry

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Perimeter

8cm + 6cm + 4cm + 6cm = 24cm

Perimeter is the measurement of the sides of a shape. (The outline of a shape) All sides can be added together to give you the perimeter of a shape.

Remember – Perimeter is like walking around the outside of the playground. How far did you walk?

The fence around your garden can show the perimeter of your garden

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Area

The area is all of the space inside a shape. It is measured in cm²

Remember – If a fence of your garden shows the perimeter, then the grass shows the area.

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Multiplying and dividing by 10/100

Remember – The digits stay the same but the place value changes.

3.39 x 10 = 33.9 (Move the digits one column to the left)

3.39 x 100 = 339 (Move the digits two columns to the left)

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Bar Chart

Bar charts should help you understand data and they should all have a title telling you what they are showing. Axis should also be labelled and categories need to be evenly spaced out.

You can put a frequency chart into a bar chart, using the same information.

You DEFINITELY need a ruler to draw a bar chart!!

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When reading a bar chart, make sure you check the scale on the y axis – the gap has to be the same size and be worth the same amount!

Tally Chart

Tally charts are another way to show data.

Tallies can be used for lots of things – adding up point or scores etc... They have a line for each point or score and are in groups of five.

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A frequency section can sometimes go onto a tally chart – This shows you how many tallies there are. You will need to make sure you count accurately!

Pictograms

All pictograms need a key. When drawing a pictogram, pick a nice simple shape or picture so as you can draw them quickly and accurately.

They need titles!

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When reading a pictogram, you need to count the pictures, but also check the key to see what these are worth.

Pictograms should have clear columns so they can be easily read and gaps between shapes and pictures should be equal.

Word Problems

Make sure you re-read the question to check

that you have fully understood it.

You might have more than one step to

complete in a problem!

You might have to do more than one operation

to complete a word problem.

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Remember to check that your answer makes

sense!

Grid method

(multiplication)

When you draw a grid, you need to put the operation (x) in the corner and partition the numbers.

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You can have bigger grids if necessary.

When you have completed the grids, you then

need to add up the numbers to find your final answer (total).

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