Date _____ Keystone Review Name _________________Introduction

A student wants to know if her hosta plants (normally grown in shaded areas) will be able to grow under full sunlight. She plants 10 hostas in a shaded area of her yard. She plants 10 more in an area of her yard that receives full sun exposure. She waters them three times a week for 6 weeks. After six weeks, she measures the heights of the hostas.

1. What is the hypothesis? __________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________

2. How is a hypothesis different than a theory? ____________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________

3. What is the control group? Why is the control group necessary? ______________________ ___________________________________________________________________

4. What is the independent variable? ___________________________________________

5. List the eight characteristics of life share by all living things. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. What is meant by the term homeostasis? _______________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________

7. What is a contractile vacuole and how can it be used to maintain homeostasis? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Inorganic Chemistry

8. Why is carbon more likely to form covalent bonds and not ionic bonds? __________________ ____________________________________________________________________

9. In the water molecules below label the hydrogen and oxygen atom.

10. Indicate whether each atom has positive or negative charge.

11. Use dotted lines to show where the hydrogen bonds where form between water molecules.

12. Explain hydrogen bonds will not form between the water molecules in the diagram below.

Organic Chemistry

Date _____ Keystone Review Name _________________13. For each of the structures below, identify the class of organic compounds (lipid, carbohydrate,

protein or nucleic acid), give the function and the different elements they each one contains.

14. In the diagram below, label the substrate, products, reactants, active site, and enzyme.

Organic Compound: __________________________________Function:

_________________________________________________________________________________Monomer: _________________

Organic Compound: __________________________________Function:

_________________________________________________________________________________Monomer: ___________________

Organic Compound: __________________________________Function:

_________________________________________________________________________________Monomer: _________________

Organic Compound: __________________________________Function:

_________________________________________________________________________________Monomer: _________________

Date _____ Keystone Review Name _________________15. What is an enzyme?

______________________________________________________________________________________

16. According to the graph what is the optimum pH of the enzyme? _____

Cells

17. Label each of the numbered cell structures in th diagram to the below.

18. Give the function of the numbered cell structures in the cell diagram.19. Is the cell pictured above prokaryotic or eukaryotic? How can you tell?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Date _____ Keystone Review Name _________________20. What is a contractile vacuole and how can it be used to maintain homeostasis?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

21. In the simplified diagram of a membrane below, label a phospholipid, polar head, nonpolar tail and protein.

22. Describe two ways that passive transport is different than active transport.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

23. What happens when a cell containing 94% water is placed in a environment that is 97% water? Explain. _____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

24. Identify the molecule to the right. __________________(Hint: It is involved in cellular respiration and photosynthesis)

25. What must happen to the structure of this molecule when energy is released? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

26. Write the equation for photosynthesis.

27. Write the equation for respiration.

28. What process is shown in the diagram to the right?

a. photosynthesisb. respirationc. fermentationd. transformation

29. In the diagram to the right, label ATP synthase, electrons and hydrogen ions.

Date _____ Keystone Review Name _________________30. Complete the table below:

Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration

Function

Location

Reactants

Products

Mitosis and Meiosis

31. In the diagram to the right, label the centromere, chromosome, and chromatids.

32. What process is necessary for diagram A to turn into diagram B? ________________________________

33. What do homologous chromosomes have in common?

__________________________________________________________________________________

34. How are homologous chromosomes different from one another? _______________________ ____________________________________________________________________

Use the diagram below to answer the following questions.

35. What process does the diagram show? ________________

36. List all of the cells that are haploid._______________________

37. List all of the cells that are diploid._______________________

38. Which cell(s) contains a tetrad? _______________________

39. Why is crossing over important, and when does it occur during meiosis? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

40. Identify mitotic phases:

Date _____ Keystone Review Name _________________

41. Complete the table:Stage in the cell cycle What happens

M Phase

Mitosis(PMAT)Cytokinesis

Interphase

G1 Phase

S Phase

G2 Phase

42. Compare mitosis and meiosis:Event Mitosis Meiosis

Number of cell divisions

Number of daughter cells

Number of chromosomes in daughter cells (2N/N)

Daughter cells are genetically (identical/different) than parent cell

Occurs in what type of cell

DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis

List the above phases of mitosis in order (use letters)

1. ________2. ________3. ________4. ________

Date _____ Keystone Review Name _________________43. How is a point mutation different than a chromosomal mutation? ______________________

____________________________________________________________________

44. Why is a substitution point mutation less serious than an addition or deletion point mutation? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

45. Transcribe and Translate the given DNA sequence:

DNA: A T G C A A G T C A T T C C A G C T

mRNA: ________________________________________________

Amino Acids: ________________________________________________

46. The diagram below shows the process of protein synthesis label the mRNA, DNA, translation and transcription.

Mendelian Genetics

47. In cats blues eyes (B) are dominant over yellow eyes (b) and long fur (L) is dominant over short fur (l). What is the expected phenotype ratio if you cross one cat that is heterozygous for both traits with a cat that has homozygous blue eyes and heterozygous long fur.

Use the codon chart above to determine the amino acid sequence in the diagram.

Date _____ Keystone Review Name _________________How many cats are:

Blue eyes and long fur: ______

yellow eyes and long fur: ______

blue eyes and short fur: ______

yellow eyes and short fur: ______

48. A red flower is crossed with a flower and all of the offspring are pink. What pattern of inheritance do the flowers follow? ___________________________________________________

49. How is incomplete dominance different than codominace? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Human Genetics

Pedigree A Pedigree B

50. What is the pattern of inheritance for the trait in pedigree A? (autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive)

51. What is the pattern of inheritance for the trait in pedigree B? (autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive)

52. What must be the genotype of individual 20 in pedigree A? ______

53. What must be the genotype of individual 17 in pedigree B? ______

54. What must be the genotype of individual 1 in pedigree A? ______

55. What must be the genotype of individual 1 in pedigree B? ______

Date _____ Keystone Review Name _________________56. The pedigree to the right show the inheritance of

hemophilia, which is a sex-linked recessive trait found on the X chromosome. Write the genotype for hemophilia next to the symbol for each member of the family.

57. If individuals 3 and 4 have another boy, what are the chances that the child will have hemophilia? Show a Punnett square.

______ Chance boy will be hemophilia.

58. If a woman with type AB blood marries a man with who is heterozygous for type A blood, what are the chances that they will have a child with type AB blood?

Genetic Engineering

59. Explain how scientists used transgenic organisms to make human insulin available to diabetics. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

60. Describe one advantage and one disadvantage of genetically modified crops. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Evolution

61. Complete the table of the evidence of evolution.Evidence of Evolution Explain of the evidence supports the theory of evolution.

Fossil Record

Homologous Structures

Genetics

Date _____ Keystone Review Name _________________

Embryology

Geographic Distribution of Species

62. Label the 3 different patterns of natural selection (stabilizing, disruptive and directional).

63. Create a scenario that shows directional selection on human height. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

64. Create a scenario that shows disruptive selection on human height. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

65. Create a scenario that shows stabilizing selection on human height. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

66. Populations of the same species of seal live on islands too far apart to swim between them for mating.

a. behavioral isolationb. temporal isolationc. geographic isolation

67. Species of birds have elaborate courtship dances, and females select the best dancers as mates.a. behavioral isolationb. temporal isolationc. geographic isolation

68. Varieties of oak tree produce pollen during different seasons, so they can’t pollinate one another.

Date _____ Keystone Review Name _________________a. behavioral isolationb. temporal isolationc. geographic isolation

69. Herds of caribou misinterpret each other’s mating behavior, so they fight instead of matinga. behavioral isolationb. temporal isolationc. geographic isolation

Ecology

70. ________A group of organisms so similar they can reproduce and have fertile offspring.

71. ________Includes all biotic and abiotic factors in an area.72. ________All members of the same species living in an defined area.73. ________The layer around the Earth where all organisms live.74. ________All organisms living in a defined area.75. ________A group of ecosystems with a similar climate

76. In a diagram below what percentage of energy in the phytoplankton actually reaches the bass?

100% ________ ________ ________

77. Complete the diagram of symbiosis.Type of Symbiosis Description Example

Mutualism

Parasitism

Commensalism

78. Why are decomposers a necessary part of an ecosystem? ____________________________________________________________________

79. What is ecological succession? ______________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________

A. BiomeB. BiosphereC. EcosystemD. SpeciesE. PopulationF. Community

Date _____ Keystone Review Name _________________80. What are the differences between primary and secondary succession?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

81. What is the largest human threat to biodiversity in the rainforest? Why should we protect biodiversity? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

82. In the space to the right, draw a logistic growth curve for a population of mice living in a field if the carrying capacity of the field is 325 mice.

Use the food web below to answer the following questions.

83. If the size of the rabbit population were to decrease, which of the following would most likely happen?

a. The snake population will decrease. b. The plant population will decrease.b. The wild cat population will increase. d. The jackal population will decrease.

84. If the size of the owl population were to decrease, what effect would that have on the size of the mouse population? Explain your answer. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Date _____ Keystone Review Name _________________