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United Nations FCCC/ARR/2016/[Party]

Distr.: General16 February 2016

Original: English

Report on the individual review of the annual submission of #Party submitted in 2016*

Note by the expert review team

I.

* * In the symbol for this document, 2016 refers to the year in which the inventory was submitted, and not to the year of publication.

FCCC/ARR/2016/[Party]

Statement submitted by Party

[Comment by #Party][ #Party chose not to provide comments on this report.]

2


ContentsParagraphs Page

I. Introduction.............................................................................................................. 1 – 6 4

II. Summary and general assessment of the Year annual submission.......................... 7 5

III. Status of implementation of issues and/or problems raised in the previous review report 8 9

IV. Issues identified in three successive reviews and not addressed by the Party......... 9 15

V. Additional findings made during the Year technical review.................................... 10 17

VI. Adjustments.............................................................................................................. 11 – 14 26

VII. Accounting quantities for activities under Article 3, paragraph 3, and, if any, activities under

Article 3, paragraph 4, of the Kyoto Protocol................................................................................. 15 27

VIII. Questions of implementation................................................................................... 16 – 17 27

Annexes

I. Overview of greenhouse gas emissions and removals for #Party for submission year Year.... 28

II. KP-LULUCF accounting quantities and data.................................................. 33

III. Additional information on adjustments........................................................... 35

IV. Information to be included in the compilation and accounting database........ 38

V. Additional information to support findings in table 2..................................... 40

VI. Documents and information used during the review....................................... 42

VII. Acronyms and abbreviations........................................................................... 44

3


I. Introduction

1. This report covers the review of the Year annual submission of #Party organized by the UNFCCC secretariat, in accordance with the “Guidelines for review under Article 8 of the Kyoto Protocol” (decision 22/CMP.1 as revised by decision 4/CMP.11) (hereinafter referred to as the Article 8 review guidelines). As indicated in the Article 8 review guidelines, this review process also encompasses the review under the Convention, as described in the“Guidelines for the technical review of information reported under the Convention related to greenhouse gas inventories, biennial reports and national communications by Parties included in Annex I to the Convention” (hereinafter referred to as the UNFCCC review guidelines) and particularly part III, “UNFCCC guidelines for the technical review of greenhouse gas inventories from Parties included in Annex I to the Convention.” The review took place from date to date month year in City, Country, and was coordinated by Review Officer (UNFCCC secretariat). Table 1 provides information on the composition of the expert review team (ERT).

Table 1Composition of the expert review team

Area of expertise Name Party

Generalist [Mr.][Ms.]

[Mr.][Ms.]

Energy [Mr.][Ms.]

[Mr.][Ms.]

[Mr.][Ms.]

IPPU [Mr.][Ms.]

[Mr.][Ms.]

Agriculture [Mr.][Ms.]

[Mr.][Ms.]

LULUCF [Mr.][Ms.]

[Mr.][Ms.]

[Mr.][Ms.]

Waste [Mr.][Ms.]

[Mr.][Ms.]

[Mr.][Ms.]

Lead reviewers [Mr.][Ms.]

[Mr.][Ms.]

Abbreviations: IPPU = industrial processes and product use, LULUCF = land use, land-use change and forestry.

4


2. This report contains findings based on the assessment by the ERT of the Year annual submission against the Article 8 review guidelines. The ERT has made recommendations to resolve those findings related to issues,1 including issues related to problems.2 Other findings, and if applicable, the ERTs encouragements to resolve them, are also included. [In accordance with the Article 8 review guidelines, the ERT recommends [adjustments][an adjustment] to the Year annual submission (see paras. X–X below). All recommendations and encouragements in this report are for the next annual submission, unless otherwise specified.

3. A draft version of this report was communicated to the Government of #Party which [provided no comments] [provided comments that were considered and incorporated, as appropriate, into this final version of the report].

4. Annex I shows GHG emissions from sources included in Annex A to the Kyoto Protocol (hereinafter referred to as Annex A sources), emissions and removals from the LULUCF sector under the Convention and emissions and removals from activities under Article 3, paragraph 3, forest management under Article 3, paragraph 4, and, additional activities under Article 3, paragraph 4, of the Kyoto Protocol (KP-LULUCF), if elected, by gas, sector and activity.

5. Information to be included in the compilation and accounting database can be found in annex IV to this report.

6. The ERT notes that owing to the delay in the 2015 annual submission, consistent with decision 6/CMP.9, paragraph 4, the review of this 2016 annual submission is being held in conjunction with the review of the 2015 annual submission, in accordance with decision 10/CMP.11, paragraph 1. To the extent that identical information is presented in both annual submissions, the ERT has reviewed this information only once and, as appropriate, has replicated the findings below in both the 2015 and 2016 annual review reports.

II. Summary and general assessment of the Year annual submission

7. Table 2 provides the ERT’s assessment of the annual submission with respect to the tasks undertaken during the review. Further information on the issues identified below, as well as additional findings, may be found in tables 3 and 5 below.

Summary of review results and general assessment of the inventory

Assessment

Issue or problem ID number(s) in tables 3 and/or 5a

Dates of submission

Original submission: Date (NIR), Date, Version number (CRF tables), Date (SEF tables)

[Revised submission(s): Date (NIR), Date, Version number (CRF tables), Date (SEF tables)]

The values from the latest submission are used in this report

Review format Format of review: [in-country][centralized][desk review]

1 Issues are defined in decision 13/CP.20, annex, paragraph 81. 2 Problems are defined in decision 22/CMP.1 as revised by decision 4/CMP.11, annex,

paragraphs 68 and 69.

5


Assessment


Adherence to the UNFCCC Annex I inventory reporting guidelines

Have any issues been identified in the following areas:

1. Identification of key categories [Yes][No]

2. Selection and use of methodologies and assumptions [Yes][No]

3. Development and selection of emission factors [Yes][No]

4. Collection and selection of activity data [Yes][No]

5. Reporting of recalculations [Yes][No]

6. Reporting of a consistent time series [Yes][No]

7. Reporting of uncertainties, including methodologies [Yes][No]

8. Quality assurance/quality control QA/QC procedures were assessed in the context of national systems (see below)

9. Other departures from the UNFCCC Annex I inventory reporting guidelines (including transparency)

[Yes][No] The ERT identified additional issues in

the [insert sector] sector(s)that are

not included elsewhere in this

table

Completeness Is the inventory complete? Missing categories that affect completeness, if any, are included in annex V to this document

1. Energy [Yes][No]

2. IPPU [Yes][No]

3. Agriculture [Yes][No]

4. LULUCF [Yes][No]

5. Waste [Yes][No]

6. KP-LULUCF [Yes][No]

For each category reported as insignificant, has the Party provided sufficient information showing that the likely level of emissions meets the criteria in paragraph 37(b) of the UNFCCC Annex I inventory reporting guidelines?

[The Party did not report “NE” for any insignificant categories]

[Yes]

[No]

Corrections Have emissions been reported without corrections (e.g. related to climate variations or electricity trade)?

[Yes][No]

Implementation of previous

The previous review report was published on date. On the basis of this publication date and taking into consideration national circumstances, the ERT

6


Assessment


recommendations concludes that the Party has demonstrated sufficient progress in implementing improvements in its submission

1. General [Yes][No]

2. Energy [Yes][No]

3. IPPU [Yes][No]

4. Agriculture [Yes][No]

5. LULUCF [Yes][No]

6. Waste [Yes][No]

7. KP-LULUCF [Yes][No]

Description of trends

The ERT concluded that the description in NIR of the trends for the different gases and sectors is reasonable

[Yes][No]

Supplementary information under the Kyoto Protocol

Have any issues been identified in the provision of information on:

1 National systems

(a) The overall organization of the national system, including the effectiveness and reliability of instituational, procedural and legal arrangements

[Yes][No]

(b) Performance of the national system functions defined in decision 19/CMP.1, annex, paragraphs 10–17, noting particular strengths or weaknesses

[Yes][No]

2. National registries

(a) Overall functioning of the national registry [Yes][No][NA]

(b) Performance of the functions of the national registry and the technical standards for data exchange based

[Yes][No][NA]

3. ERUs, CERs, AAUs and RMUs and on information on discrepancies reported in accordance with section I.E of the annex to decision 15/CMP.1, taking into consideration any findings or recommendations contained in the SIAR

[Yes][No][NA]

4. Matters related to Article 3, paragraph 3.14, specifically problems related to the transparency, completeness or timeliness of reporting on the Party’s activities related to the priority actions listed in decision 15, annex, paragraph 24, including any changes since the previous annual submission

[Yes][No]

5. Land use, land-use change and forestry activities un-der Article 3, paragraphs 3 and 4 of the Kyoto Protocol

7


Assessment


(a) Reporting is in accordance with the require-ments in paragraphs 1–5 of annex II to decision 2/CMP.8

[Yes][No]

(b) The Party has demonstrated methodological consistency between the reference level and reporting on forest management in accordance with paragraph 14 of the annex to decision 2/CMP.7

[Yes][No]

(c) The Party has reported information in accord-ance with decision 6/CMP.9

[Yes][No]

(d) Has country-specific information been reported to support provisions for natural disturbances, in ac-cordance with paragraphs 33 and 34 of the annex to decision 2/CMP.7?

[Yes][No][NA]

(e) Other issues [Yes][No]

CPR The CPR was reported in accordance with the an-nex to decision 18/CP.7, decision 11/CMP.1 and paragraph 18 of decision 1/CMP.8

[Yes][No]

Adjustments Has the ERT applied an adjustment under Article 5, para-graph 2?

[Yes][No]

The ERT accepts that [the] revised estimate[s] submitted by #Party in its Year submission can replace a previously ap-plied adjustment[s] in the compilation and accounting data-base

[Yes][No][Partially][NA]

Response from the Party during the review

Has the Party provided the ERT with responses to the questions raised, including the data and information necessary for the assessment of conformity with the UNFCCC Annex I inventory reporting guidelines and any further guidance adopted by the Conference of the Parties?

[Yes][No]

Recommendation for an exceptional in-country review

On the basis of the issues identified, does the ERT recommend that the next review be conducted as an in-country review?

Guidance: if yes, include the following language: [Please refer to annex V for the list of questions and issues to be considered during the in-country review]

[Yes][No]

Question of im-plementation

Did the ERT list [a] question[s] of implementation? [Yes][No]

Abbreviations: AAUs = assigned amount units, CERs = certified emission reduction units, CPR = commitment period reserve, CRF = common reporting format, ERT = expert review team, ERUs = emission reduction units, GHG = greenhouse gas, IPPU = industrial processes and product use, KP-LULUCF = land use, land-use change and forestry emissions and removals from activities under Article 3, paragraphs 3 and 4, of the Kyoto Protocol, lCERs = long term CERs, LULUCF = land use, land-use change and forestry, NIR = national inventory report, QA/QC = quality assurance/quality control, RMUs = removal units, SEF = standard electronic format, SIAR = standard independent assessment report, tCERs = temporary CERs, UNFCCC Annex I

8


inventory reporting guidelines = “Guidelines for the preparation of national communications by Parties included in Annex I to the Convention, Part I: UNFCCC reporting guidelines on annual greenhouse gas inventories”.

a Additional problems, issues and findings may be included in tables 3 and/or 5.

III. Status of implementation of issues and/or problems raised in the previous review report

8. Table 3 compiles all the recommendations made in the previous review report. For each issue and/or problem, the ERT specified whether it believes the issue and/or problem has been resolved by the conclusion of the review of the Year annual submission and provided the rationale for its determination.

Table 3Status of implementation of issues and/or problems raised in the previous review report

ID# Issue and/or problem classificationa , b Recommendation made in previous review reportc ERT assessment and rationale

General

G.1 Select category(x, year)Issue type

[Resolved.][Not resolved.] [Addressing.][Not relevant.] Please include rationale

G.2 Select category(x, year)Issue type


Energy

E.1 Select category – Add fuels–Add gas(es)(x, year) (x, year)Issue type










9

















IPPU

I.1 Select category – Add gas(es)(x, year) (x, year)Issue type








10



















Agriculture

A.1 Select category – Add gas(es)(x, year) (x, year)Issue type






A.4 Select category – Add gas(es)(x, year) (x, year)

[Resolved.][Not resolved.] [Addressing.][Not relevant.]

11



Issue type Please include rationale













LULUCF

L.1 Select category – Add gas(es)(x, year) (x, year)Issue type








12

















Waste

W.1 Select categoryAdd gas(es)(x, year) (x, year)Issue type






W.4 Select categoryAdd gas(es)

[Resolved.][Not resolved.] [Addressing.][Not relevant.]

13



(x, year) (x, year)Issue type

Please include rationale













KP-LULUCF

KL.1 Select category –Add gas(es)Issue type

Resolved.][Not resolved.] [Addressing.][Not relevant.] Please include rationale









14







Abbreviations:, IPPU = industrial processes and product use, KP-LULUCF = land use, land-use change and forestry emissions and removals from activities under Article 3, paragraphs 3 and 4, of the Kyoto Protocol, LULUCF = land use, land-use change and forestry, , UNFCCC Annex I inventory reporting guidelines = “Guidelines for the preparation of national communications by Parties included in Annex I to the Convention, Part I: UNFCCC reporting guidelines on annual greenhouse gas inventories”.

a References in parentheses are to the paragraph(s) and the year(s) of the previous review report(s) where the issue was raised. Issues are further classified as defined in decision 13/CP.20, annex, paragraph 81. In the review of the supplementary information reported in accordance with Article 7, the ERT has applied the classification in decision 22/CMP.1, annex, paragraph 69 in conjunction with 4/CMP.11.

b An asterisk is included next to each issue type for all issues which are also problems, as defined in paragraphs 68 and 69 of the annex to decision 22/CMP.1, including those that lead to an adjustment or a question of implementation.

c The review of the 2016 annual submission is being held in conjunction with the review of the 2015 annual submission, and as such, the 2015 annual review report was not available at the time of this review. Therefore, the recommendations reflected in table 3 are from the 2014 annual review report. For the same reason, the year 2015 is excluded from the list of years in which the issue has been identified.

IV. Issues identified in three successive reviews and not addressed by the Party

9. In accordance with paragraph 83 of the UNFCCC review guidelines, the ERT noted that the issues included in table 4 have been identified in three or more successive reviews, including the review of the Year annual submission of #Party, and have not been addressed by the Party.

Table 4Issues identified in three or more successive reviews and not addressed by the Partya

ID#b Issue identification

Number of successive reviews issue/problem not addressed

General

Years (X–X)

Energy

Years (X–X)

Years (X–X)

IPPU

Years (X–X)

Years (X–X)

Agriculture

15


Years (X–X)

Years (X–X)

LULUCF

Years (X–X)

Years (X–X)

Waste

Years (X–X)

Years (X–X)

KP-LULUCF

Years (X–X)

Years (X–X)

Abbreviations: IPPU = industrial processes and product use, KP-LULUCF = LULUCF emissions and removals from activities under Article 3, paragraphs 3 and 4, of the Kyoto Protocol, LULUCF = land use, land-use change and forestry.

a The review of the 2016 annual submission is being held in conjunction with the review of the 2015 annual submission. Since the reviews of the 2015 and 2016 annual submissions are not “successive” reviews, but are rather being held in conjunction, for the purpose of counting successive years in table 4, 2015/2016 are considered as one year.]

b An asterisk is included after any issue ID# where the underlying issue is related to accuracy or completeness of a key category, a missing category or a potential key category, as indicated in decision 13/CP.20, annex, paragraph 83.

16

FCC

C/A

RR

/2016/[Party]17

V. Additional findings made during the Year technical review

10. Table 5 contains findings made by the ERT during the review of the Year annual submission of #Party that are additional to those identified in table 3 above.

Table 5Additional findings made during the Year technical review

ID# Finding classification Description of the finding with recommendation or encouragement

Is finding an issueaand/or a problemb? If yes, classify by type

General

G.3 Select category Issue type



G.6 Select category The ERT notes that the national registry does not fully [comply with the functions set out in [the annex to decision 13/CMP.1][ and the annex to decision 5/CMP.1]] [adhere to the technical standards for data exchange between registry systems in accordance with relevant decisions of the CMP]. Specifically [insert problems identified with respect to the reporting requirements]. During the review,the Party indicated that [insert any response from the Party and describe the rationale for any outstanding issue].The ERT recommends that the Party[insert recommendation]. [The ERT concluded that the Party does not meet the mandatory requirements in [insert decision] and lists a question of implementation regarding the Party’s national registry (see ID XX)]

Issue type

G.7 Select category (if applicable, if more than one paragraph below is relevant, please insert paragraphs into separate row, so each has a unique ID).

Party did not report information on [list from the SIAR with reference to requirements included in paragraphs 12–17 of the annex to decision 15/CMP.1)]. During the review,the

Issue type

18 FCC

C/A

RR

/2016/[Party]



Party indicated that [insert any response from the Party and describe the rationale for any outstanding issue]. The ERT recommends that the Party report information in accordance with decision 15/CMP.1, annex paragraphs 12–17, in conjunction with decision 3/CMP.11

The SIAR identified the following as problems that will need corrective action from the Party in its national registry: [list unit type, etc].][ During the review the Party indicated that [insert response]. The ERT [concluded that the Party’s records on its accounting of Kyoto Protocol units contained in its national registry are consistent with the corresponding records of the ITL.][lists a question of implementation on the Party’s accounting of Kyoto Protocol units (see ID XX)]]

The ERT noted that #Party did not [undertake the corrective action, as recommended by the previous ERT, on [list unit type, etc][.][,or]][ provide in its annual submission information on actions undertaken to correct any problem that caused a discrepancy to occur, [any changes to the national registry to prevent a discrepancy from reoccurring,][and the resolution of any previously identified question[s] of implementation pertaining to transactions, as required by decision 15/CMP.1, annex, paragraph 17.]] }.][ During the review the Party indicated that [insert response]. The ERT [concluded that the Party’s reporting does not meet the requirements of decision 15/CMP.1, annex, paragraph 17 and [lists a question of implementation on the Party’s accounting of Kyoto Protocol units (see ID XX)]]

The Party did not provide access to information contained in its national registry, in accordance with decision 15/CMP.1, annex, paragraph 19, to substantiate or clarify [list information] reported in its annual submission. The ERT recommends that #Party provide the experts with access to information in its national registry, upon request, to substantiate or clarify information reported in its annual submission]

G.8 Select category (if applicable) [The ERT notes that based on the submission of revised emissions estimates by #Party for gas emissions from category during the review of the year annual submission, the commitment period reserve for Party changed. [The ERT noted that, although this value was correctly calculated, taking into account the applied adjusted value for [insert parameter/category] for [year[s]] (x.xx t CO2 eq), the ERT recalculated the CPR. The CPR reported in the original submission,[ and] the revised CPR as calculated by the

Issue type

FCC

C/A

RR

/2016/[Party]19



Party [and the CPR as calculated by the ERT after application of the adjustment[s]] may be found in Annex IV, in the CAD table for the latest year. The ERT agrees with the final figure in Annex IV]

G.9 Select category (if applicable) [The ERT notes that [the NIR did not provide an adequate description of its implementation of ][the Party is not sufficiently implementing][decision 19/CMP.1, annex, paragraph X. Describe the issue, any clarifications by the Party during the review, the ERT’s final conclusion and recommendation/encouragement, , noting particular strengths or weaknesses

Issue type

G.10 Select category (if applicable) During the review, the Party provided the ERT with the missing information. The ERT recommends that #Party include this information in its NIR]. [The reported information is not sufficiently transparent in terms of [provide a detailed description of the issues that are considered as unclear and not sufficiently transparent]. During the review, the Party provided the ERT with additional information clarifying these issues. The ERT recommends that #Party improve the transparency of the information by [include specific proposals on how the Party should increase transparency in its next submission] in its NIR]

Issue type

G.11 Select category (if applicable) Option 1: QI on NS: the ERT concludes from the information contained in the year annual submission and the additional information received during and after the review that the national system of #Party does not fully comply with decision 19/CMP.1 [and decision 15/CMP.1 in conjunction with 3/CMP.11]. In particular, the ERT concludes that [describe problem[s]] [is][are] [an] unresolved problem[s], and therefore lists [it][them] as [a] question[s] of implementation

Option 2: QI on NR: the ERT concludes from the information contained in the year annual submission and the additional information received during and after the review that the national registry of Party does not fully comply with decision 13/CMP.1 in conjuction with decision 3/CMP.11 [and the annex to decision 5/CMP.1][or] [adhere to the technical standards for data exchange between registry systems in accordance with relevant decisions of the CMP]. In particular, the ERT concludes that

Issue type

20 FCC

C/A

RR

/2016/[Party]



[describe problem[s]] [is][are] [an] unresolved problem[s], and therefore lists [it][them] as [a] question[s] of implementation.Option 3: QI on adjustments: the ERT concludes that #Party’s estimate of [emissions][re-movals] from [category][activity] is [incomplete] [and] [not prepared in a way that is not consistent with the methodological [and reporting ]requirements of the [2006 IPCC Guidelines]] [2013 Revised Supplementary Methods and Good Practice Guidance Arising from the Kyoto Protocol][ and ][the 2013 Supplement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories: Wet-lands (hereinafter referred to as the Wetlands Supplement)]. The Party has not satisfactorily resolved the potential problem identified during the review, including through a submission of [a] revised estimate[s], and did not agree with the adjustments cal-culated by the ERT. Therefore, the ERT lists a question of implementation on the calcula-tion of the estimate of [category/activity] that was not prepared in accordance with the methodological [and reporting] requirements

Energy

E.13 Select category – Add fuels–Add gas(es)

Issue type


Issue type


Issue type


Issue type


Issue type


Issue type

FCC

C/A

RR

/2016/[Party]21




Issue type


Issue type

IPPU

I.13 Select category – Add gas(es)

Issue type


Issue type


Issue type


Issue type


Issue type


Issue type


Issue type


Issue type

Agriculture

A.11 Select category – Issue type

22 FCC

C/A

RR

/2016/[Party]



Add gas(es)

A.12 Select category –Add gas(es)

Issue type


Issue type


Issue type


Issue type


Issue type


Issue type


Issue type


Issue type


Issue type

LULUCF

L.12 Select categoryAdd gas(es)

Standard text to be added for any issues identified in relation to wetlands: [The ERT encourages the Party to use the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2013 Supplement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories: Wetlands in preparing its annual inventories for [X] in future annual submissions]

No

FCC

C/A

RR

/2016/[Party]23




Issue type


Issue type


Issue type


Issue type


Issue type


Issue type


Issue type


Issue type

Waste

W.11 Select category –Add gas(es)

Issue type


Issue type


Issue type

24 FCC

C/A

RR

/2016/[Party]




Issue type


Issue type


Issue type


Issue type


Issue type


Issue type


Issue type

KP-LULUCFKL.8 Select category –

Add gas(es)[If applicable]. #Party does not have a quantified emission limitation and reduction com-mitment in the second commitment period, but has not included information in its NIR on which voluntary activities under Article 3, paragraph 4, of the Kyoto Proto-col it will include in its reporting. During the review, Party indicated [XYZ]. The ERT notes that in accordance with decision 3/CMP.11, this in-formation shall be provided at the latest in the 2016 annual submission. The ERT recommends that the Party report on all voluntary activities un-der Article 3, paragraph 4, it is including in its reporting

Issue type

KL.9 Issue type

KL.10 Issue type

FCC

C/A

RR

/2016/[Party]25



KL.11 Issue type

KL.12 Issue type

Abbreviations: ERT = expert review team, CMP = Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol, CPR = commitment period reserve, CRF = common reporting format, IPPU = industrial processes and product use, IPCC = Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, KP-LULUCF = LULUCF emissions and removals from activities under Article 3, paragraphs 3 and 4, of the Kyoto Protocol, LULUCF = land use, land-use change and forestry, NIR = national inventory report, QA/QA = quality assurance/quality control, SIAR = Standard Independent Assessment Report, UNFCCC Annex I inventory reporting guidelines = “Guidelines for the preparation of national communications by Parties included in Annex I to the Convention, Part I: UNFCCC reporting guidelines on annual greenhouse gas inventories”.

a Recommendations are related to issues as defined in decision 13/CP.20, annex, paragraph 81, or problems as identified in decision 22/CMP.1, annex, paragraph 69, identified by the ERT during the review. Encouragements are made to the Party to address all findings not related to issues.

b Problems are defined in decision 22/CMP.1, annex, paragraphs 68 and 69. An asterisk is included next to each issue type for all issues which are also problems, as defined in paragraphs 68 and 69 of the annex to decision 22/CMP.1, including those that lead to an adjustment or a question of implementation .


VI. Adjustments

11. Option 1. The ERT has not identified the need to apply any adjustments to the 2015 annual submission of #Party.

Option 2: A (for Annex A sources): The ERT identified [underestimations in emissions [overestimation in recovery] estimates for Annex A sources for year and recommended [an][x] adjustment[s] in the [x, y, z] sector[s].

B (for KP-LULUCF): the ERT identified [errors] [overestimations] [underestimations] in the [removal estimates] [emission estimates] for activities under Article 3, paragraphs 3 and 4, of the Kyoto Protocol and recommended [an] adjustment[s]

12. In accordance with the guidance for adjustments under Article 5, paragraph 2, of the Kyoto Protocol (decisions 20/CMP.1 in conjunction with 4/CMP.11), the adjustment[s] to the [x, y, z] sector[s] [was][were] prepared by the ERT in consultation with #Party. In addition, in accordance with the Article 8 review guidelines, the ERT officially notified #Party of the calculated adjustment[s].

13. A summary of the adjustment[s] [is][are] presented in table 6 below.

14. [The Party and the ERT agree on the adjusted estimated for [category] presented in Table 6 below.][The Party did not agree with the ERT on the adjusted estimated for [category] presented in Table 6 below and the ERT raised a question of implementation (see para. X below).

Table 6Summary information on adjustments

2013 2014 Reference

As reported(kt CO2 eq)

Calculated by the ERT (kt CO2 eq)

As reported(kt CO2 eq)

Calculated by the ERT (kt CO2 eq)

Annex A sources [leave blank] [leave blank] [leave blank] [leave blank]

[category] emissions For further discussion see tables X –X of annex III

KP-LULUCF [leave blank] [leave blank] [leave blank] [leave blank]

Article 3, paragraph 3– insert activity

For further discussion see tables X –X of annex III

Article 3, paragraph 4 insert activity


Total Annex A sources

Technical correction to the FMRL


Abbreviations: Annex A sources = source categories included in Annex A to the Kyoto Protocol, ERT = expert review team, FMRL = forest management reference level, KP-LULUCF = LULUCF emissions and removals from activities under Article 3, paragraphs 3 and 4, of the Kyoto Protocol.

26


VII. Accounting quantities for activities under Article 3, paragraph 3, and, if any, activities under Article 3, paragraph 4, of the Kyoto Protocol

15. Table 13 in annex II shows the accounting quantities for KP-LULUCF as reported by the Party and the final values after the review.The final quantity of units to be [issued][and][cancelled] are presented in table 14 of the same annex.

VIII. Questions of implementation

16. [No questions of implementation were identified by the ERT during the review.]

17. The ERT considers that the Party has not satisfactorily resolved during the review the potential problems included in table 7 below, which pertain to language of a mandatory language and influence the fulfilment of commitments. Therefore, the ERT has identified these problems as question[s] of implementation in accordance with decision 22/CMP.11, in conjunction with decision 4/CMP.11.

Table 7.Questions of implementation [add rows, if necessary]

Unresolved problem of a mandatory natureReference to relevant de-cision Description of the problem

See ID#X above

27


Annex I

Overview of greenhouse gas emissions and removals for #Party for submission year Year

1. Tables 8 – 12 provide an overview of total GHG emissions and removals from both Annex A sources and for activities reported under Article 3, paragraphs 3 and 4, of the Kyoto Protocol. Where a Party has decided to voluntarily report indirect CO2 this is noted in the relevant table.

Table 8 [Note: the secretariat to complete BEFORE review. Provide to LRs for final check before submitting to QA.]Total greenhouse gas emissions from Annex A sources and emissions/removals from activities under Article 3, paragraphs 3 and 4, of the Kyoto Protocol for Party, base yeara,b– [Year-2] (kt CO2 eq)

Without indirect CO2 With indirect CO2 KP-LULUCF activities

Total with LULUCF

Total without LULUCF

Total with LULUCF

Total without LULUCF Article 3.3c Article 3.4d

Base year (Enter year(s))

1990

1995

2000

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Abbreviations: Annex A sources = source categories included in Annex A to the Kyoto Protocol, KP-LULUCF = LULUCF emissions and removals from activities under Article 3, paragraphs 3 and 4, of the Kyoto Protocol, LULUCF = land use, land-use change and forestry, NA = not applicable, NO = not occurring.

a “Base year” for Annex A sources refers to the base year under the Kyoto Protocol, which is [[1990][other base year established under the Convention] for CO2, CH4 and N2O, [and] [1990][1995] for HFCs, PFCs [and] SF6[,] and [NF3].] [1990 for all gases, except NF3, which is [1995][2000.] [The “base year” for [cropland management],[ grazing land management], [revegetation] [and] [wetland drainage and rewetting] under Article 3, paragraph 4, of the Kyoto Protocol is [1990][other base year established under the Convention].] For activities under Article 3, paragraph 3, of the Kyoto Protocol, and forest management under Article 3, paragraph 4, only the inventory years of the commitment period must be reported. [CO 2, CH4 and N2O emissions included in the rows under Annex A sources do not include the emissions from deforestation that were included in #Party’s initial report under the Kyoto Protocol for the base year and subsequently used for the calculation of the assigned amount.]

b Emissions/removals reported in the sector other (sector 6) are not included in Annex A to the Kyoto Protocol and are therefore not included in total GHG emissions from annex A sources.

c Activities under Article 3, paragraph 3, of the Kyoto Protocol, namely afforestation and reforestation, and deforestation.d Activities under Article 3, paragraph 4, of the Kyoto Protocol, namely forest management [, [cropland management], [grazing

land management], [revegetation] [and] [wetland drainage and rewetting]].

28


Table 9 [Note: the secretariat will complete BEFORE the review-table and footnotes. Provide to LRs for final check before submitting to QA. Guidance: Two digits after decimal point for emissions, one for % change.]Greenhouse gas emissions from Annex A sources to the Kyoto Protocol by gas, base yeara,b– [Year–2](kt CO2 eq)

CO2c,d CH4

b N2O b HFCs PFCs SF6 NF3


1990

1995

2000

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Per cent change base year–[Year–2]

Abbreviations: Annex A sources = source categories included in Annex A to the Kyoto Protocol, NA = not applicable, NE = not estimated, NO = not occurring.

a “Base year” for Annex A sources refers to the base year under the Kyoto Protocol, which is [[1990][other base year established under the Convention] for CO2, CH4 and N2O, [and] [1990][1995] for HFCs, PFCs [and] SF6[,] and [NF3].] [1990 for all gases, except NF3, which is [1995][2000.]


c [CO2, CH4 and N2O do not include the emissions from deforestation that were included in #Party’s initial report under the Kyoto Protocol for the base year and subsequently used for the calculation of the assigned amount.]

d [CO2 emissions include indirect CO2 emissions reported in CRF table 6.][#Party did not report indirect CO2 emissions in CRF table 6].

29


Table 10 [Note: the secretariat will complete BEFORE the review-table and footnotes. Provide to LRs for final check before submitting to QA. Guidance: two digits after decimal point for emissions, one for % change.]Greenhouse gas emissions from Annex A sources to the Kyoto Protocol by sector, base yeara,b– [Year–2] (kt CO2 eq c,d)

Energy IPPU Agriculture LULUCF Waste Other


1990

1995

2000

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014


Abbreviations: Annex A sources = source categories included in Annex A to the Kyoto Protocol, IPPU = industrial processes and product use, LULUCF = land use, land use change and forestry, NA = not applicable, NE = not estimated, NO = not occurring.

a “Base year” for Annex A sources refers to the base year under the Kyoto Protocol, which is [[1990][other base year established under the Convention] for CO2, CH4 and N2O, [and] [1990][1995] for HFCs, PFCs [and] SF6[,] and [NF3].] [1990 for all gases, except NF3, which is [1995][2000.]


c Emissions from deforestation that were included in #Party’s initial report under the Kyoto Protocol for the base year and subsequently used for the calculation of the assigned amount are not included.

d [Totals do include indirect CO2 emissions reported in CRF table 6.][#Party did not report indirect CO2 emissions in CRF table 6].

30


Table 11 [Note: the secretariat will complete BEFORE the review-table and footnotes. Provide to LRs for final check before submitting to QA. Guidance: two digits after decimal point for emissions, one for % change.]Greenhouse emissions/removals from activities under Article 3, paragraphs 3 and 4, of the Kyoto Protocol by gas, base yeara– [Year–2](kt CO2 eq)

Article 3.3 activities Forest management and elected Article 3. 4 activities

CO2 CH4 N2O CO2 CH4 N2O


2013

2014


Abbreviations: NA = not applicable, NE = not estimated, NO = not occurring.a The “base year” for [cropland management],[ grazing land management], [revegetation] [and] [wetland drainage and rewetting]

under Article 3, paragraph 4, of the Kyoto Protocol is [1990][#other base year established under the Convention] for #Party.]

31


Table 12 [Note: the secretariat will complete BEFORE the review-table and footnotes. Provide to LRs for final check before submitting to QA. Guidance: two digits after decimal point for emissions, one for % change.]Greenhouse emissions/removals from activities under Article 3, paragraphs 3 and 4, of the Kyoto Protocol by activity, base yeara– [Year–2](kt CO2 eq)

Article 3.3Forest management and elected Article 3.4 activities[Guidance: if Article 3.4

activities not elected, delete from table”]

Afforestation and reforesta-

tion Deforestation

Total Article

3.3Forest man-

agementCropland

managementGrazing land management

Revege-tation

Wetland drainage

and re-wetting

Total Article

3.4


2013

2014


Abbreviations: NA = not applicable, NE = not estimated, NO = not occurring.a The “base year” for [cropland management],[ grazing land management], [revegetation] [and] [wetland drainage and rewetting]

under Article 3, paragraph 4, of the Kyoto Protocol is [1990][#other base year established under the Convention] for #Party.] For activities under Article 3, paragraph 3, of the Kyoto Protocol, and forest management under Article 3, paragraph 4, only the inventory years of the commitment period must be reported.

32


Annex II

KP-LULUCF accounting quantities and data

1. Tables 13 – 14 include information on the accounting quantities for KP-LULUCF as reported by the Party and the final values after the review, and an overview of key data for #Party’s reporting under Article 3, paragraphs 3 and 4, of the Kyoto Protocol, respectively.

Table 13Accounting quantities for activities under Article 3, paragraph 3, and forest management and any elected activities under Article 3, paragraph 4, of the Kyoto Protocol, in t CO2 eq

2016 annual submissiona 2015 annual submissionc

Net accounting quantityd

As reported Revised estimates Finalb Final

Afforestation and reforestation

Excluded emissions from natural disturbances

Excluded subsequent removals

Deforestation

Forest management

Net emissions/removals

Excluded emissions from natural disturbances

Excluded subsequent removals

Debits from newly established forest

FMRL

Technical corrections to FMRL

Forest management cap

Cropland management (if elected) [if Article 3.4 activities not elected, delete from table”]

Grazing land management (if elected)

Revegetation (if elected)

Wetland drainage and rewetting (if elected)

Abbreviations: CRF = common reporting format, FMRL = forest management reference level, KP-LULUCF = land use, land-use change and forestry emissions and removals from activities under Article 3, paragraphs 3 and 4, of the Kyoto Protocol.

a The values included under the 2015 submission are as reported in the accounting table of the KP-LULUCF CRF tables for the inventory year 2013.

b The “final” value includes any adjustments applied by the ERT.c The values included under the 2015 annual submission are the final accounting values as a result of the 2015 review and are

included in table [x] of the 2015 annual review report (FCCC/ARR/2016/ISO code, page xx) in the column “2015 annual submission”, “Final”. This column is applicable only for Parties that elected annual accounting.

d The “net accounting quantity” is the quantity of Kyoto Protocol units that the Party shall issue or cancel under each activity under Article 3, paragraph 3, and paragraph 4.

e

33


Table 14Key relevant data for the Party [Guidance: Delete article 3.4 activities not elected by the Party]

Key parameters Values

Periodicty of accounting [Annual accounting][Commitment period accounting]

Election of activities under Article 3, paragraph 4 [Cropland management][grazing land management][revegeta-tion][wetland drainage and rewetting]

Election of application of provisions for natural dis-turbances

[No][Yes, for [afforestation and reforestation][and ][forest management]]

3.5 per cent of total base [year][period] GHG emis-sions, excluding LULUCF

kt CO2 eq

Cancellation of AAUs, ERUs, CERs and/or issuance of RMUs in its national registry for:

1. Afforestation and reforestation in 2013 [Not applicable] [Cancel [X] units] [Issue [X] RMUs)]

2. Deforestation in 2013 [Not applicable] [issue [X] RMUs)]

3. Forest management in 2013 [Not applicable] [Cancel [X] units] [Issue [X] RMUs)]

4. Cropland management in 2013 [Not applicable] [Cancel [X] units] [Issue [X] RMUs)]

5. Grazing land management in 2013 [Not applicable] [Cancel [X] units] [Issue [X] RMUs)]

6. Revegetation in 2013 [Not applicable] [Cancel [X] units] [Issue [X] RMUs)]

7. Wetland drainage and rewetting in 2013 [Not applicable] [Cancel [X] units] [Issue [X] RMUs)]

Abbreviations: [AAUs = assigned amount units,] [CERs = certified emission reduction units,] [ERUs = emission reduction units,] LULUCF = land use, land-use change and forestry, [RMUs = removal units]

34


[Annex III

1. As required by paragraph 83(b) of the annex to decision 22/CMP.1, Annex III provides the relevant information on the adjustment[s] applied to the Year annual submission of #Party. Quantitative information used in the calculation of [the][each] adjustment is presented in tables [15 and 16][15 – 17].

Table 15. Background information to support adjustments for [Category/activity – gas].

Underlying problem and rationale for adjustment

Recommendation to the Party to address the underlying problem, as contained in the list of potential problems and further questions raised by the ERT

Assumptions, data and methodology used to calculate the adjustment

Description of how the adjustment is conservative

Table 16Description of the calculation of adjustments for Annex A sources

Parameter/estimate

Value (please use 3 decimal

places) Unit Reference

Category:

Party’s estimate of: (indicate parameter or data in question)

kt CO2 eq

Party’s emission/removal estimate from (indicate category in question)

kt CO2 eq

Input data/parameter for calculation of adjustment

Calculated estimate for (indicate parameter or estimate in question) (before applying conservativeness factor)

kt CO2 eq

Conservativeness factor

Adjusted conservative estimate for (indicate parameter or estimate in question)

kt CO2 eq

Adjusted conservative estimate for (indicate category in question)

kt CO2 eq

Total aggregated GHG emissions (excluding LULUCF) as reported by the Party

kt CO2 eq

Total aggregated GHG emissions kt CO2 eq

35


Parameter/estimate

Value (please use 3 decimal

places) Unit Reference

(excluding LULUCF) after application of adjustment

Difference between original and adjusted total aggregated GHG emissions

kt CO2 eq

%

ERT estimates that the change resulting from the adjustment is above the threshold given in paragraph 37(b) of the annex to decision 24/CP.19 –

[Yes][No] Adjusted value for the category is

greater than [500 t CO2eq][0.05 per cent

of national emissions] [0.1 per

cent of national GHG emissions when considering all

adjusted estimates in this report]

Abbreviations: Annex A sources = source categories included in Annex A to the Kyoto Protocol, GHG = greenhouse gas, LULUCF = land use, land-use change and forestry.

36


Table 17Description of the calculation of adjustments for activities under Article 3, paragraph 3, and, if any, activities under Article 3, paragraph 4, of the Kyoto Protocol

Parameter/estimate Value Unit Reference

Activity:

Party’s estimate of: ____ (indicate parameter or data in question)

kt CO2 eq

Party’s emission/removal estimate from ____ (indicate activity in question)

kt CO2 eq

Input data/parameter for calculation of adjustment

Calculated estimate for ____(indicate parameter or estimate in question) (before applying conservativeness factor)

kt CO2 eq

Conservativeness factor

Adjusted conservative estimate for ____ (indicate parameter or estimate in question)

kt CO2 eq

Adjusted conservative estimate for ___(indicate activity in question)

kt CO2 eq

Difference between original and adjusted emissions/removals for (activity)

kt CO2 eq

%

[Abbreviation(s): [XYZ = any acronyms used in the table.]

]

37


Annex IV

Table 18 Secretariat will complete table and send to LR for final agreement AFTER review week, but BEFORE QA.Information to be included in the compilation and accounting database in t CO2 eq for 2014, including the commitment period reserve

Original submission Revised estimates Adjustmenta Finalb

Commitment period reserve

Annex A emissions for 2014

CO2

CH4

N2O

HFCs

PFCs

SF6

NF3


Activities under Article 3, paragraph 3, for 2014

3.3 Afforestation and reforestation on non-harvested land for 2014

3.3 Afforestation and reforestation on harvested land for Year

3.3 Deforestation for 2014

Forest management and elected activities under Article 3, paragraph 4, for 2014

3.4 Forest management for 2014

3.4 Cropland management for 2014 [if Article 3.4 activities not elected, delete from table”]

3.4 Cropland management for the base year

3.4 Grazing land management for 2014

3.4 Grazing land management for the base year

3.4 Revegetation for 2014

3.4 Revegetation in the base year

38


3.4 Wetland drainage and rewetting for 2014

3.4 Wetland drainage and rewetting in the base year

Abbreviation(s): Annex A sources = sources included in Annex A to the Kyoto Protocol, [ NA = not applicable, ][NE = not estimated, ][NO = not occurring].

a “Adjustment” is relevant only for Parties for which the expert review team (ERT) has calculated one or more adjustment(s). b “Final” includes revised estimates, if any, and/or adjustments, if any.

39


Table 19 Secretariat will complete table and send to LR for final agreement AFTER review week, but BEFORE QA.Information to be included in the compilation and accounting database in t CO2 eq for 2013, including the commitment period reserve

Original submission Revised estimates Adjustmenta Finalb

Annex A emissions for 2013

CO2

CH4

N2O

HFCs

PFCs

SF6

NF3


Activities under Article 3, paragraph 3, for 2013

3.3 Afforestation and reforestation on non-harvested land for 2013

3.3 Afforestation and reforestation on harvested land for #Year

3.3 Deforestation for 2013

Forest management and elected activities under Article 3, paragraph 4, for 2013

3.4 Forest management for 2013

3.4 Cropland management for 2013 [if Article 3.4 activities not elected, delete from table”]

3.4 Cropland management for the base year

3.4 Grazing land management for 2013

3.4 Grazing land management for the base year

3.4 Revegetation for 2013

3.4 Revegetation in the base year

3.4 Wetland drainage and rewetting for 2013

3.4 Wetland drainage and rewetting in the base year

Abbreviation(s): Annex A sources = sources included in Annex A to the Kyoto Protocol, [ NA = not applicable, ][NE = not estimated, ][NO = not occurring].

a “Adjustment” is relevant only for Parties for which the expert review team (ERT) has calculated one or more adjustment(s). b “Final” includes revised estimates, if any, and/or adjustments, if any.

40


Annex V

Additional information to support findings in table 2

A. Missing categories that affect completeness

[The following categories were reported as “NE” or the ERT otherwise determined that there is an issue with the completeness of reporting in the Party’s inventory:Guidance: if applicable, include a list of the missing categories in the order of IPCC categories. Do not include categories reported as “NE” if properly justified that the category(s) is insignificant.]

[No mandatory categories were identified as missing]

B. Recommendation for an in-country review: list of issues

[Guidance: if applicable, provide the list of questions and issues to be considered during the in-country review.]

[The ERT does not recommend that an exceptional in-country review be carried out.]

41


Annex VI

Documents and information used during the review

[Note: the secretariat will complete BEFORE the review week.]

A. Reference documents

Aggregate information on greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks for Parties included in Annex I to the Convention. Note by the secretariat. Available at <http://unfccc.int/resource/webdocs/agi/2015.pdf>

Annual status report for Party for 2015. Available at <http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/[2015][2016]/asr/xxx.pdf>.

FCCC/ARR/2015/ISO-Code. Report on the individual review of the annual submission of Party submitted in 2014. Available at <http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/arr/xxx.pdf>.

Guidelines for the preparation of national communications by Parties included in Annex I to the Convention, Part I: UNFCCC reporting guidelines on annual greenhouse gas inventories”. Annex to decision 24/CP.19. Available at <http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2013/cop19/eng/10a03.pdf#page=4>.

“Guidelines for the technical review of information reported under the Convention related to greenhouse gas inventories, biennial reports and national communications by Parties included in Annex I to the Convention”. Annex to decision 13/CP.20. Available at <http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2014/cop20/eng/10a03.pdf#page=6>.

“Guidelines for national systems for the estimation of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks under Article 5, paragraph 1, of the Kyoto Protocol”. Decision 19/CMP.1. Available at <http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2005/cmp1/eng/08a03.pdf#page=14>.

“Guidelines for the preparation of the information required under Article 7 of the Kyoto Protocol”. Decision 15/CMP.1. Available at <http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2005/cmp1/eng/08a02.pdf#page=54>.

“Guidelines for review under Article 8 of the Kyoto Protocol”. Decision 22/CMP.1. Available at <http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2005/cmp1/eng/08a03.pdf#page=51>.

“Implications of the implementation of decisions 2/CMP.7 to 4/CMP.7 and 1/CMP.8 on the previous decisions on methodological issues related to the Kyoto Protocol, including those relating to Articles 5, 7 and 8 of the Kyoto Protocol, part I: implications related to accounting and reporting and other related issues”. Decision 3/CMP.11. Available at http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cmp11/eng/08a01.pdf#page=5

“Implications of the implementation of decisions 2/CMP.7 to 4/CMP.7 and 1/CMP.8 on the previous decisions on methodological issues related to the Kyoto Protocol including those relating to Articles 5, 7 and 8 of the Kyoto Protocol, part II: implications related to review and adjustments and other related issues”. Decision 4/CMP.11. Available at http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cmp11/eng/08a01.pdf#page=30

42

http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cmp11/eng/08a01.pdf#page=30

http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cmp11/eng/08a01.pdf#page=5

http://unfccc.int/resource/webdocs/agi/2015.pdf


IPCC 2006, 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Prepared by the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme, Eggleston H.S., Buendia L., Miwa K., Ngara T. and Tanabe K. (eds). Published: IGES, Japan.

IPCC 2014, 2013 Revised Supplementary Methods and Good Practice Guidance Arising from the Kyoto Protocol, Hiraishi, T., Krug, T., Tanabe, K., Srivastava, N., Baasansuren, J., Fukuda, M. and Troxler, T.G. (eds). Published: IPCC, Switzerland.

IPCC 2014, 2013 Supplement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories: Wetlands, Hiraishi, T., Krug, T., Tanabe, K., Srivastava, N., Baasansuren, J., Fukuda, M. and Troxler, T.G. (eds). Published: IPCC, Switzerland

Standard independent assessment report template, parts 1 and 2. Available at <http://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/registry_systems/independent_assessment_reports/items/4061.php>

B. Additional information provided by the Party

Responses to questions during the review were received from [Ms.][Mr.] XXX (organization), including additional material on the methodology and assumptions used. [The following documents3 were also provided by Party:

Author. Year. Title in Italics and in Title Case (English translation if appropriate). [City: Publisher.] [Available at <web address>.]]

3 Reproduced as received from the Party.

43


Annex VII

Acronyms and abbreviations

AD activity dataC confidentialCMP Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto ProtocolCO2 eq carbon dioxide equivalentCRF common reporting formatEF emission factorERT expert review teamGHG greenhouse gas; unless indicated otherwise, GHG emissions are the sum of CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs, SF6 and NF3, without GHG emissions and removals from LULUCFha hectareIE included elsewhereIEA International Energy AgencyIEF implied emission factorIPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeITL international transaction logKg kilogram (1 kg = 1,000 grams)KP-LULUCF land use, land-use change and forestry emissions and removals from activities under Article 3, paragraphs 3 and 4, of the Kyoto ProtocolKt kilotonneLULUCF land use, land-use change and forestryN nitrogenNA not applicableNCV net calorific valueNE not estimatedNIR national inventory reportNO not occurringPJ petajoule (1 PJ = 1015 joule)QA/QC quality assurance/quality controlSEF standard electronic formatSIAR standard independent assessment reportTJ terajoule (1 TJ = 1012 joule)UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

44