Earth Science “What do you mean? I have a test over everything ” Mid-term review

Earth System Science/Metrics and Measurement

Describe:

Steps to convert from millimeters to meters and which unit has the greatest accuracy when measuring a pencil:

Steps to find the volume of an irregular shaped object:

Equations:density=

Units:

Metric ladder:

When to use:

PRACTICE Problems:

1) Identify the scientific instrument a) Measurement: _______ b) Measurement :________

A piece of Galena has a mass of 30g. When carefully slid into a graduated cylinder filled with 63mL of water, the object raises the water level to 67mL. What is the volume in mL and the Density of Galena?(show work)

Unit Conversions

Metric:

.864 kg =______g 3250mL=______L .75m=______mm

Astronomy

Describe:

The contributions of the following astronomers :

Ptolemy/ancient greeks:

Copernicus:

Kepler:

Galileo:

Kepler’s 3 laws of planetary motion :

How Newton described Kepler’s laws :

The 3 basic motions of the Earth and which forces maintain the Earth’s orbit:

What is actually occurring when Mars displays retrograde motion :

Terms:

Color spectrum-

Doppler shift-

Red shift-

Blue shift-

Light year-

Parallax-

Apparent magnitude-

Absolute magnitude-

PRACTICE Problems:

Moon phases: Draw and label

Seasons and Tides:

identify and label each season for both the northern and southern hemispheres.

Plot and identify both spring and neap tides on graph:

Which date(s) should you expect a new moon?

Stellar evolution-

Describe the stages of a non-massive (main sequence) star’s life cycle:

EM spectrum:

H-r diagram: ( label star types main sequence, red giant, white dwarf…)

Theories:

Big Bang:

Evidence

a)

b)

c)

Meteorology

Terms:

Albedo:

Ozone:

Nitrogen cycle:

Scattering:

Greenhouse effect:

Air mass-

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Fronts-

1. 2. 3. 4.

Coriolis force-

Coriolis Effect-

Westerlies-

Trade winds-

Isobar-

Cloud types: (identify)

Find the relative humidity if the dry bulb reading is 20º C and the wet bulb is 16º C. _______

Find the relative humidity if the dry bulb reading is 18º C and the wet bulb is 7º C. _______

What is the relative humidity if water vapor present is 7.4 g and the amount it can hold is 14.1g?

Which direction is the wind blowing from in Montana?

Which state should have the highest wind speeds and why?

What type of cloud coverage would you expect to see in Texas?

Severe Weather

Tornadoes

Why are there more tornadoes in tornado alley?

Describe how tornadoes are rated and what each rating is.

Which direction do tornadoes rotate in US?

Describe what is needed for tornado formation:

Safety/mitigation

Hurricanes

ROTATION-

EYE* -

EYEWALL-

RAIN BANDS-

Describe the main types of hurricane damage (as compared to tornadoes)

Describe hurricane safety/mitigation.

Describe the direction of a hurricane and which winds affect its motion across the Atlantic.

Climate Change

Difference between Weather and Climate?

Describe evidence that helps us learn about paleoclimate:

a) b) c) d)

Diagram the natural Greenhouse effect (label )

Describe why there is a difference in tree ring size in the diagram below.