CHAPTER 19WWI and WWII

WORLD WAR ONE (1914-1918)

The Good Guys: France, England, Russia and The good ol’ US of A

The Bad Guys: Germany, Italy, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and the

Ottoman Empire

WORLD WAR 2It begins: 1939

Hitler kills himself: April 30th, 1945July, 1945: we drop 2 atomic bombs on Hiroshima and

Nagasaki

THE GOOD GUYS: THE ALLIED POWERSAmerica, England and Russia

THE BAD GUYS: THE AXIS POWERSGermany (AGAIN), Italy and Japan

DEFINITIONS

Definition #1: World War I and World War II were the first “total wars.”

Total War: It means that a country uses every part of the country for war: The economy, movies, posters, even cartoons for Freshmen.

- Coca Cola started making bullets- General Motors started making tanks

Definition #2 Governments used ideologies, including fascism, nationalism and communism,

A. Nationalism: When you love your country MORE than all other countries.

B. Fascism: The Nazis were fascists, meaning that they were dictators AND racist. Very bad dudes.

Remember, Adolf Hitler and the Nazis thought they were the uber-race, better then everyone else.

C. Communism vs. Capitalism: We’ll learn about this in the pages below

D. Liberalism: Freedom of Speech and Freedom of Religion

E. Socialism: The government owns everything! Kind of like Communism but not exactly

DEFINITION #4: The proliferation of conflicts led to various forms of ethnic violence and the displacement of peoples resulting in refugee populations.

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Remember, the Nazis didn’t just hate Jews. They also killed blacks, gypsies, gays, the mentally handicapped, and basically anyone they thought were inferior.

And refugee camps are a major part of life in the 20th and 21st centuries. There are refugee camps in the Middle East, Africa, and many in Asia.

DEFINITION #5: Improved military technology and new tactics led to increased levels of wartime casualties .

WWI TECHNOLOGY:1. The tank

2. The airplane3. The flamethrower4. The machine gun

Airplanes (Hitler will be the 1st to see how important airplanes would really be in WWII)

WWI Casualties: 30 MILLION DEAD/30 MILLION WOUNDEDWWII Casualties: 60 MILLION DEAD/60 MILLION WOUNDED

THE GREAT DEPRESSION

- The Great Depression was in the 1930’s.- It started after WWI because so many countries were so poor.- In America, unemployment was at 25%!!!!!!- When Obama took office in 2008 it was at 10%, now its at 5% but for

teenagers it’s at 30%

DEFINITION #6: At the beginning of the century in the United States and parts of Europe, governments played a minimal role in their national economies.

With the onset of the Great Depression, governments began to take a more active role in economic life.

In newly independent states after World War II, governments often took on a strong role in guiding economic life to promote development.

Mr. Shtrakhman’s definition: Look, before the Great Depression and WWII, many governments just stayed out of business’s way. During the Great Depression, however, there were SO MANY POOR that the US knew it had to do SOMETHING!

In comes President Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR), who is considered one of the 4 BEST Presidents EVER!

FDR

- He was Pres. 4 times (1930-1945)- He had Polio and was in a wheelchair most of his life- He knew he had to do something when unemployment hit 25%- He gave everyone unemployment insurance and free health care when

they turned 65.- He also put people to work building bridges, highways and schools. This

was known as the New Deal.

ASSIGNMENTS:

SHORT RESPONSE QUESTIONS1. What is meant by “Total War”?2. What was the Great Depression?3. How did the United States change AFTER the Great Depression?4. What are some new WWI technologies?5. Who was a BAD GUY in BOTH WWI and WWII?6. Please define ‘nationalism, fascism, communism, liberalism, and

socialism’ ?(They will be on a Pop-Quiz next…..?)

LONG RESPONSE QUESTION #1: DO YOU THINK EVERYONE IN AMERICA SHOULD HAVE HEALTH CARE EVEN IF THEY CAN’T AFFORD IT LIKE PRESIDENT FRANKLIN DELANO ROOSEVELT WANTED?

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LONG RESPONSE QUESTION #2: WAS IT RIGHT TO DROP THE ATOMIC BOMB ON JAPAN EVEN THOUGH WE KILLED 100,000 CIVILIANS?

CHAPTER 19: PART 2

THE COLD WAR (AMERICA VS. RUSSIA)

CAPITALISM VS. COMMUNISMCAPITALISM: Based on having a lot of money and the idea of private property (American and French Revolutions)

COMMUNISM: No one is rich and no one is poor but the state owns everything. Also, there is no Freedom of Speech and no Freedom of the Press.

Capitalism is based on the writings of Adam Smith and John Stuart Mill

- Money is good Competition is good Greed is good- Freedom of Speech Freedom of Religion

The FREE MARKET: The idea that government should leave businesses alone (economic liberalization) and let them do whatever they want.

PROBLEM: we will have too many poor people, no minimum wage, and children working in factories.

Multinational corporations began to challenge state authority and autonomy.(Who’s stronger, Coca Cola or Colombia?)

EXAMPLES OF MULTI-NATIONAL CORPORATIONS:PepsiEXXON MOBILGENERAL MOTORSAPPLE……………MISCROSOFT

NOT EVERYONE IN THE WORLD IS HAPPY WITH CAPITALISM

Movements throughout the world protested the inequality of economic consequences of global integration

1.The richest 85 people in the world have more money than the bottom 3.5 billion/

2. In America, 15% of us live below the POVERTY LINE. That’s 45,000,000 people math nerds.

COMMUNISM

Communism was a response to the economic inequality of Capitalism.

Communism made MONEY and private property illegal. Theoretically everything would be owned by the state. That way there would be NO RICH AND BE NO POOR.

Based on the writings of Karl Marx - Money is evil///////////////No rich/No poor

COMMUNIST COUNTRIES1. RUSSIA TRUNS INTO THE SOVIET UNION

2. CHINA3. VIETNAM

4. CUBA5. NORTH KOREA

That means that in these countries, the governments CONTROL their economies and there is no Private Property.

This is why my family and I left the Soviet Union in 1979 when I was ____ years old.

AMERICA AND THE SOVIET UNION WILL FIGHT IN THE COLD WAR AFTER WWII

The Vietnam WarThe Korean WarWWIII…………….

If you want to learn more about this I’m afraid you’re going to have to wait until Senior Year and HL: IB History

BY the way, how do you think America and Russia got so big:The United States and Russia emulated European transoceanic imperialism by expanding their land borders

and conquering neighboring territories.

HOW DID AMERICA GET SO BIG:1.They get Texas from Mexico in the Mexican-American War2. They get Puerto Rico from Spain in the Spanish-American War

PART 3: HISTORY OF RUSSIA

If you remember correctly, Russia was taken over by the Mongols in the 1200’s.

1. The Mongols were BRUTAL, destroying livestock, enslaving men, and raping women. This is also the time that Moscow became the capital.

2. Then the Byzantine Empire kind of moved in and helped create the Russian language.

RUSSIAN: Первокурсников (Freshmen) только для одной вещи , что делает шуткиENGLISH TRANSLATION: I’ll never tell!

3. They also made Russian Eastern Orthodox Christian and that’s why my Grandmother has their cross on her grave

4. Then in the 1600’s-1800’s Russia started to industrialize. The only country to do it not through Capitalism but through the State.

Peter the Great- 1600’s Started the first Russian navy Created the beautiful city of St. Petersburg near Finland (I was there in the

summer during ‘White Nights’ when the sun never sets so it was like dawn at 3:00 a.m.)

Made all the nobles learn French (That’s why my dad made me take French in college even though I already spoke Russian)

Catherine the Great: The 1700’s- Really ugly Queen of Russia (Kings are called czars and Queens are called

czarinas). This comes from the Latin word ‘Ceasar’.

Other czars: Alexander II, Nicholas I, Prince Vladimir

Unfortunately, Russia remained a backwards nation where 99% of the population have nothing and 1%, the King and Queens have, have everything. The people were poor, illiterate and hungry. This is where COMMUNISM comes in.

Fast forward to THE YEAR 1917:Russia is in the middle of WWI and losing MILLIONS of people to war, poverty and famine.

A man named Vladimir Lenin starts a Communist Revolution. From this point on (from 1917-1991), Russia will be known as THE SOVIET UNION.

AMERICA AND THE SOVIET UNION WILL FIGHT IN THECOLD WAR AFTER WWII The Vietnam War The Korean War WWIII…………….

The Cold War will bring us VERY CLOSE to WWIII because both America and the Soviet Union will have about 10,000 NUCLEAR WEAPONS EACH!!!

D. The Cold War produced new military alliances, including NATO and the Warsaw Pact, and promoted proxy wars in Latin America, Africa, and Asia.

‘Proxy Wars’ means that America and Russia will fight each other indirectly in places like Asia, Africa and Latin America

We also created a ‘military alliance’ with England and France called NATO while the Soviet Union got Eastern Europe and Poland with ‘the Warsaw Pact’.

Luckily the Cold War ends in 1990 when the Soviet Union collapses. Today it is once again known as Russia.

ASSIGNMENT: PLEASE DEFINE THE FOLLOWING TERMS.

** They may be on an AP Multiple Choice question

1. Capitalism2. Communism3. Adam Smith

4. John Stuart Mill5. Karl Marx

6. The Cold War7. Free market principles8. Economic liberalization

9. Multinational corporations:10. Vladimir Lenin (my dad’s name is Vladimir)

11. The Soviet Union12. NATO

13. The Warsaw Pact14. Peter the Great

15. Catherine the Great

16. Czars17. Which religion is Russia?

18. Which empire gave them their language?19. Why do you think Russia is so messed up today?

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PART B: ASSIGNMENTGrab a blank map of Europe and fill in/ color in the

following countries and their capitals. Use the purple textbooks as before.

EUROPE:

1. ENGLAND: LONDON2. FRANCE: PARIS3. ITALY: ROME

4. GREECE: ATHENS5. BELGIUM: BRUSSELS

6. HOLLAND: AMSTERDAM7. NORWAY: OSLO

8. SWEDEN: STOCKHOLM9. FINLAND: HELSINKI

10. DENMARK: COPENHAGEN11. SPAIN: MADRID

12. PORTUGAL: LISBON13. GERMANY: BERLIN14. AUSTRIA: VIENNA

15. SWITZERLAND: BERN16. POLAND-WARSAW

17. ROMANIA-BUCHAREST (PRONOUNCED BUHA-REST)18. HUNGARY BUDAPEST (PRONOUNCED BUDA-PESHT)