TR- Document Number Version 1.0 (2014- 2015)

Technical Report

Machine-to-Machine Communication (M2M)

Study on Indian use cases

Contents

ScopePurposeIntended audienceDefinitions, Abbreviations and AcronymsReferencesIntroduction (M2M/IoT and Indian ecosystem)

Communication infrastructure is the foundation of Process Automation, Instrumentation and Control industry, an industry that has been in existence for more than 75? years. Sensor/transducer based Remote Monitoring systems, and PLC/SCADA systems with remote control capabilities have always used dedicated communication wires or wireless (Radio/Satellite etc.) systems for providing connectivity between the end devices in the field and the control centre. In fact, several communication protocols were created in the Industrial Automation space.

On a different plane, the scorching pace of innovations in IT technologies has led to commoditization of devices that are intelligent, have small and flexible form factor and, more importantly, can talk, by integrating standard communication chips/modules of any communication technology, almost in a plug and play fashion. Therefore, the world is now witnessing emergence of devices that can communicate with each other thus elevating automation and control engineering industry to a new level altogether the M2M platform.

Industries, especially in the manufacturing and process have been leveraging the power of connectivity enhanced automation systems to create solutions for improving operational efficiencies and productivity of their assets and processes, and have created industry specific standards and protocols in automation space. While many of these standards are defined at the higher levels of the OSI model, the features have been standardized pre-assuming a certain communication layer to service the application.

In all applications that have been implemented in India in any vertical segment, the communication infrastructure selected is a captive system that is used dedicatedly for the specific solution. In a few cases, in larger organizations, certain channels of the corporate communication backbone infrastructure (if it exists) is used for such solutions.

The primary driver for implementing such solutions in most sectors in India have been driven by the need for a safe and secure operational regime, instead of operational efficiency improvement. Automation solutions do not have a good business case in several industry segments in India (especially in Smart Grids space) due to the high TCO (CAPEX +OPEX) of the required communication systems, if these are dedicated for the solution. Even a common communication backbone at the overall organization level for all business, automation and IT needs does not make the solutions financially attractive.

As the IT sector grows in maturity in terms of robust engineering practices, creation and usage of IT tools as products, user organizations are willing to migrate to digital shared platforms (example - cloud) in a PaaS mode. PaaS platforms help reduce the cost of service to individual clients and at the same time brings bare minimum standard features across all vertical segments. The time is ripe for offering a common communication platform (the information highway) for applications from various vertical segments (the data vehicles), in order to bring down the TCO of the communication piece to affordable levels.

This brings the need for independent M2M platforms that can offer content transport capabilities in a seamless, reliable and affordable manner with universal standards for content handling and quality of service.

An independent M2M platform, based on a single or heterogeneous communication technology on the one hand, with a set of standard common services (OSS, BSS and much more), and standardized device interfaces, can be leveraged by multiple service providers, multiple user organizations for multiple applications. Availability of standard interfaces on the communication and device facing sides of such a platform, will foster innovations in the communication and device segments, with assured quality of service.

TSDSIs M2M Group is tasked with defining an M2M framework to meet the above objectives. As part of this exercise, the group has undertaken study of various vertical segments to extract business requirements from an M2M platform perspective. This has helped the team bring out common requirements of all verticals, which in turn will become candidates for M2M platform functionalities. This document is a compilation of application use cases in various verticals studied by the team.

Use CasesUse cases for Smart Health

Use Cases for Automobile, Transportation and Logistics VerticalUse Cases for Utilities Vertical

Note: For the purpose of this document, utility vertical covers electricity, water & Gas distribution to end consumers. Infrastructure services like waste water, sewage disposal, street lighting are covered under the smart cities section.

India as a country, ranks .. globally on the quality of infrastructure. Our energy intensity of approx.. 900 KWh is much lower than the of US or . Of EU. Our per capita water consumption of . Is much lower than the WHO specified standard of . . % of our citizens use inefficient and polluting sources of fuel. At the same time, our contribution to pollution as a country at is one of the highest. These are important markers of a countrys economic and social prosperity. ICT, especially IoT/M2M will play a key role in improving access to and efficient utilization of electricity, water and gas. Before describing the M2M based applications in this vertical, a brief overview of the sector trends from M2M context is given below.

Power Sector from M2M perspective

The Installed Capacity of Power Generation in India as of Oct 2014 is 255 GW. India is the third largest producer of electricity in the world. However, our per capita electricity consumption is low as compared to many countries, mainly due to inadequate supply to the electrified areas and also owing to lack of access to electricity to a significant proportion of the population ( % of population does not have access to electricity). The potential demand by 2032 is estimated to be 900 GW. Power for All by 2022 is the new Mantra of our Govt. This is estimated to result in unconstrained power demand of approx.. GW and . GWH by the year..

Given below is the sector wise electricity consumption in our country.

Source: Annual report of MoP

Industrial, domestic and agricultural segments contribute to approx. 50% of total electricity consumption. Electricity tariff rates for industrial sector are highest, and cross subsidize the tariff rates for domestic sector. This is in contrast to the US and Europe (?), where domestic sector tariffs are amongst the highest and industrial tariffs are low. There is thus a reason for industrial sector consumers to adopt energy efficiency measures, while there is no such motivation for residential category in India.

Power supply to the agricultural sector is generally highly subsidized (if not free) and unmetered at the connection points. The Indian Power sector suffers from very high aggregated technical and commercial losses of the order of almost 30% average. One of the major reasons for this is due to inefficient billing and collection processes of our distribution utilities (DISCOMs). This, apart from the low tariffs, is one of the major reasons for mounting losses of electrical Distribution utilities in our country.

At the same time, the need for conserving energy (to reduce the energy bills but more importantly to manage in the regime of constrained supply) has been felt in the tariff paying categories of industrial, commercial and residential segments.

In recent times, Utilities have deployed Remote Automated Metering systems for all Industrial category and high value consumer connections, in order to facilitate automated meter reading for billing. Meters have been installed at all Distribution transformers to facilitate remote monitoring for early detection of overloads/incipient fault conditions at the transformer end in order to save them. As part of the RAPDRP-IT initiative of the Ministry of Power, practice of Spot meter reading cum billing of domestic and commercial consumers is being institutionalized. There is a growing move for metering agricultural connections also in many utilities (to help assess actual consumption for such connections). DISCOMs are starting to adopt demand response mechanisms for load management. Under the RAPDRP-IT initiative, SCADA systems have been provisioned for approx..63? towns across the country to cover remote monitoring and control of the town Substations, distribution feeder sectionalizers and Ring Main units from Town level SCADA control centres. These programs are being continued under the IPDS scheme of the Govt. All these initiatives rely heavily on a robust communication infrastructure for providing connectivity between the head-end AMR/AMI systems to the meters directly or through interim data concentrators/gateways, and SCADA control centres and the RTUs over MPLS/MLLN or dedicated FO links. A few typical applications that are based on such communication systems are described in the later sub-sections.

Water Sector from M2M Perspective

As per a report by the 2030 Water Resources Group, prepared in 2009, the world is likely to face a 40% deficit in water availability at a global level.

India, home to nearly 16% of the worlds population has 4% of the fresh water share. While many parts of the country have perennial and seasonal rivers that are used for water needs, a major part of the country is arid and relies on ground water. In rec