TENSEREFERRING TO THE PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE THROUGH VERBS.

MOODEXPRESSING YOUR ATTITUDE THROUGH VERBS.

VOICESHOWING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE VERB AND THE PARTICIPANTS.

CONJUNCTIONLINKING DEVICES BETWEEN WORDS, PHRASES AND CLAUSES.

SUBORDINATIONTHIS DESCRIBES THE DEPENDENCY OF A SECOND CLAUSE ON A MAIN CLAUSE.

DECLENSIONMODIFYING NOUNS TO SHOW THEIR ROLE IN A SENTENCE.

DIRECT OBJECTWHO OR WHAT IS AFFECTED BY THE SUBJECT OF THE SENTENCE.

INDIRECT OBJECTTHE NOUN OR PRONOUN THAT RECEIVES THE DIRECT OBJECT.

CASETHE GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION OF DIFFERENT ELEMENTS OF A SENTENCE.

VERB VALENCYDESCRIBES HOW FLEXIBLY VERBS ARE USED AND COMBINED WITH OTHER WORDS.

ORTHOGRAPHYTHE STANDARDISED WRITING SYSTEM OF LANGUAGE. SPELLING & PUNCTUATION.

CLAUSETHE SMALLEST GRAMMATICAL UNIT THAT CAN EXPRESS A COMPLETE IDEA.

METATHESISA SWITCHING PLACE OF TWO SOUNDS IN A WORD OVER TIME OR BY BORROWING.

EXPANDED EPITHETDESCRIPTION (OFTEN INVOLVING A VERB) PUT BETWEEN AN ARTICLE AND A NOUN.

ADVERBIALA WORD OR PHRASE THAT TELLS HOW, WHERE, WHEN OR EXTENT.

MODIFIERA WORD THAT LIMITS OR QUALIFIES ANOTHER WORD.

MODAL PARTICLEOPTIONAL FILLERS THAT TELL YOU SOMETHING ABOUT THE SPEAKER’S ATTITUDE.

IMPERSONAL VERBA VERB WITH NO CLEAR SEMANTIC SUBJECT.

TRANSITIVE VERBA VERB WHICH HAS TO HAVE AN OBJECT.

INTRANSITIVE VERBA VERB WHICH DOES NOT HAVE AN OBJECT.

INTONATIONTHE VARIATION IN SPOKEN PITCH.

STRESSTHE EMPHASIS GIVEN TO A PARTICULAR WORD OR SYLLABLE IN SPEECH.

DIAERESISMARKS ADDED TO LETTERS THAT MODIFY THEIR PRONUNCIATION OR STRESS.

CONJUGATIONCHANGES TO VERBS INDICATING PERSON, NUMBER, TENSE, VOICE, MOOD, ETC.

PREPOSITIONAL PHRASEANY PHRASE HEADED BY A PREPOSITION.

COGNATESIMILAR WORDS BETWEEN LANGUAGES OR DERIVATIONS WITHIN A LANGUAGE.

COLLOCATIONWORDS THAT ARE OFTEN FOUND TOGETHER.

CONNOTATIONA SECONDARY MEANING TO A WORD OR EVOCATION CUNJURED UP BY ITS USE.

SYNONYMWORDS WHICH SHARE A SIMILAR MEANING.

ANTONYMWORDS WHICH, IN SOME SENSES, MAY BE CONSIDERED OPPOSITES OR EXTREMES.

SEMANTIC FIELDWORDS CONNECTED TO EACH OTHER BY A SHARED CONCEPT.

PARALINGUISTIC FEATURESCOMMUNICATIVE FEATURES BEYOND LANGUAGE, SUCH AS GESTURES AND SIGNS.

ACCENTPRONUNCIATION, INTONATION, PITCH, TONE AND STRESS.

DIALECTREGIONAL OR SOCIAL VARIETY OF LANGUAGE: ACCENT, GRAMMAR AND LEXICON.

POLYGLOTA PERSON WHO SPEAKS 4 - 8 LANGUAGES FLUENTLY.

BILINGUALSOMEONE WHO IS FLUENT IN TWO LANGUAGES AND USES BOTH REGULARLY.

NOMENCLATURETHE TECHNICAL AND SPECIFIC WORDS RELATED TO A DISCIPLINE.

ETYMOLOGYTHE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF A WORD.

STYLELEVEL OF FORMALITY, FROM VULGAR TO HIGHLY FORMULAIC.

REGISTERVARIETY OF LANGUAGE USED FOR A SPECIFIC PURPOSE OR SETTING.

COMPARATIVEA WAY OF COMPARING TWO ELEMENTS OF A SENTENCE.

SUPERLATIVEA WAY OF EXPRESSING ‘THE MOST’ OR ‘THE LEAST’.

SUBJECTWHO OR WHAT PERFORMS THE ACTION.

INVERSIONSWITCHING AROUND THE SUBJECT AND VERB: SVO →VSO.

AUXILIARY VERBA VERB USED TO ADD FUNCTIONAL OR GRAMMATICAL MEANING TO A CLAUSE.

MODAL AUXILIARYA VERB WHICH ADDS ATTITUDE TO A CLAUSE.

INTERFERENCEINFLUENCE FROM ANOTHER LANGUAGE ON THE LANGUAGE BEING LEARNT.

RENDITIONVERBALISING A CONCEPT OR IDEA.

INTERPRETINGTRANSFERRING ONE LANGUAGE INTO ANOTHER BY SPEAKING.

TRANSLATIONTRANSFERRING ONE LANG UAGE INTO ANOTHER BY WRITING .

IN-GROUPINGUSING SHARED LINGUISTIC FEATURES TO SHOW BELONGING TO A SOCIAL GROUP.

IDIOLECTAN INDIVIDUAL’S UNIQUE WAY OF SPEAKING, VOCABULARY & USE OF GRAMMAR.

PHRASEA GROUP OF WORDS THAT SERVE A SINGLE FUNCTION IN A SENTENCE.

INTERROGATIVEA PRONOUN USED TO CREATE QUESTIONS FROM STATEMENTS.

AUTONOMYTHE ABILITY TO BE CONFIDENT & INDEPENDENT IN A FOREIGN LANGUAGE.

GENDERA GRAMMATICAL GROUPING OF NOUNS WHICH SHARE CHARACTERISTICS.

ROOTTHE SMALLEST UNIT OF A WORD THAT CARRIES THE ESSENCE OF ITS MEANING.

INFINITIVETHE UNCONJUGATED FORM OF THE VERB.

PREPOSITIONUSED TO EXPRESS RELATIONAL, SPATIAL OR TEMPORAL RELATIONSHIPS.

PRONOUNUSED INSTEAD OF A NOUN TO REFER TO SPECIFIC PEOPLE OR THINGS.