Name_________________________________ Date______________

Unit: 5 (10.5)Unresolved Global Conflict (1914-1945)

BIG IDEA: Force can be countered with equal or greater force.

World War I led to geopolitical changes, human and environmental devastation, and attempts to bring stability and peace.The devastation of World War I and the use of Total War led people to explore ways to prevent future world wars.World War I and the Russian Revolution raised fundamental questions regarding justice and human rights.

Themes :

►Science, Technology, and Innovation (TECH)

►Geography, Humans, and the Environment (GEO)

►Power, Authority, and Governance (GOV)

►Global Connections and Exchange (EXCH)

Unit Compelling Questions:

1. Was world war inevitable in 1914??

2. How did nations use nationalism to gain support for war?

3. What were the causes of World War I?

4. Should the U.S. have gotten involved with World War I?

5. How did World War I impact society, politics and economics?

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Date Essential question & answer

1. How is Gary a threat to Frank’s status in the school?

2. What actions are putting Gary and Frank against each other?

3. How do you think the incident between Adrian Hartford and Sebastian is going to affect Frank, Gary, Ian, and Russell?

Watch this Discovery Channel Video on WWI then answer the questions below about WWI.

1. When was WWI? 2. Where did WWI take place?

3. Who was involved in WWI?

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What caused WWI?

What was WWI?

The AlliancesUse the map below. Color in the countries that form the Triple Entente in one color and the Triple Alliance in another.

Triple Alliance: Italy, German and Austria-Hungary

Triple Entente: Britain, France and Russia.

Causes of WWI-MANIADirections: Use the information on your google classroom page to fill in the graphic organizer below.

Cause of WWI

Definition How did this cause contribute to the start of World War I?

MMilitarism

What is militarism?

AAlliances

What is an alliance?

NNationalism

What is nationalism?

IImperialism

What is imperialism?

AAssassinati

on

What does assassination

mean?

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Chain reaction: Can you put these events in the correct order?

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Short term causes

1. ________________________________

2. ________________________________

3. ________________________________

______ Germany declared war on France, an ally of Russia______ Serbia agrees to most of Austria’s harsh ultimatum______ Britain declared war on Germany______ Austria-Hungary blamed Serbia for archduke murders and made harsh demands______ Germany invaded Belgium on 8/13/14, so that its forces could enter France easily______ Germany, an ally of Austria-Hungary, declared war on RussiaLong term causes

M.________________________________

A. ________________________________

I. ________________________________

N. ________________________________

What was war like in WWI? How did it affect those

involved?

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WWI ENDSWorld War I Timeline

1. Based on the timeline, describe the progress of the war between 1914 and 1917

2. What effect did the United States’ entrance into the war have?

The United States’ Entrance and Russia’s Exit 1917--In early April, the United States, angered by attacks upon its ships (Lusitania) in the Atlantic, declared war on Germany. Then, in November, the Bolshevik Revolution prompted Russia to pull out of the war.

• The End of the War and Armistice 1918--Both sides were exhausted & demoralized…. A deadly flu broke out. The soldiers were no longer willing to continue with the campaigns. The war ended after the member countries of the Central Powers signed armistice agreements one by one.

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Make a Prediction: At the end of World War I, 8-9 million soldiers died in the battlefield and almost 22 million soldiers were wounded.  The question on the minds of many leaders was, “Where do we go from here?” After a war is fought between nations, what do you think should happen next? Why?

Peace SettlementsDirections: Read the excerpt below and respond to the questions.

The Signing of Peace in the Hall of Mirrors, Versailles 1919Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:William_Orpen_%E2%80%93_The_Signing_of_Peace_in_the_Hall_of_Mirrors,_Versailles_1919,_Ausschnitt.jpg

1. What type of peace was proposed in the “Peace Without Victory” speech?

3. What are the 14 points? Why were they written?

2a. Why do you think it is important that peace is not “forced upon the loser”?

2b. Why do think Wilson thinks it is important to consider “upon what terms it [the war] is ended”, rather than just settling with ending the war?

4. Why do you think it is important to have “Open covenants of peace … in the public view”? What might happen if there are treaties made secretly?

Peace Arrangements After the WarOn 4 November 1918, the Austro-Hungarian empire agreed to an armistice, and Germany agreed to an armistice on 11 November 1918, officially ending the war in victory for the Allies. In January 1919, the Paris Peace Conference convened at Versailles,  just outside Paris, to establish the terms of the peace after World War I. Though nearly thirty nations participated,

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How did nations work together to build stability and peace after World War I?

Considerations for Peace before the end of the warBefore the United States entered the war in 1917, U.S. President Woodrow Wilson delivered his speech, “Peace Without Victory,” to the U.S. Senate. In this speech, he called for an agreed upon and sustainable peace where peace is not “forced upon the loser,” leaving the losers humiliated and resentful. He also said that “it makes a great deal of difference in what way and upon what terms [the war] ended” rather than that the war just ends. Concerned about how the world would emerge from the war, in a January 1918 address to Congress, Wilson proposed a 14-point program for world peace with the first point being, “Open covenants [agreements] of peace, openly

of Nations, which would serve both as an international forum and an international collective security arrangement.U.S. President Woodrow Wilson was a strong advocate of the League as he believed it would prevent future wars. The nations that joined the League of Nations agreed to settle disputes rather than go to war. Even though Wilson created and promoted the idea of the League of Nations, the United States never joined. The League lacked an armed force of its own and depended on the member nations to keep their word to follow through on resolutions.

Adapted from: https://history.state.gov/milestones/1914-1920/paris-peace, https://history.state.gov/milestones/1914-1920/league, http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/League_of_Nations

What was the purpose of the Paris Peace Conference?

What was the name of the treaty that ended World War I?

What was the League of Nations? Why was it formed?

How did the Treaty of Versailles impact Germany? In U.S. President Woodrow Wilson’s 1917 “Peace without Victory” speech, he warned against “peace forced upon the loser” of the war:

“Victory would mean peace forced upon the loser, a victor's terms imposed upon the vanquished. It would be accepted in humiliation, under duress, at an intolerable sacrifice, and would leave a sting, a resentment, a bitter memory upon which terms of peace would rest, not permanently, but only as upon quicksand.”

Source: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/wilson/filmmore/fm_victory.html

According to Wilson, how does “peace forced upon the loser” of a war affect the losing country?

What is the difference between a permanent peace and one built “upon quicksand?”

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Read Chapter 29, section 4, A Flawed Peacethen answer the questions below.

Paris Peace Conference1. Who were the big four?

2. Summarize President Wilson’s Fourteen Points

3. What was the guiding idea behind the Fourteen Points?

Treaty of VersaillesGerman Points

4. What happened to Germany’s military after the war?

5. What was the guilt clause?

6. What did it mean that Germany had to pay reparations?

Foreign Points

7. Who gained territory at the end of the war?

8. Who lost territory at the end of the war?

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9. What new nations were formed?

League of Nations

10. What is the League of Nations that formed after the war?

11. What nation(s) refused to join the League of Nations at the time of its creation?

12. On page 859, the heading reads, “A Peace Built on Quicksand.” Explain why that title was written.

13. Do you think the peace settlements at Versailles were fair? Why or why not?

REACTIONS TO THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES

England, France and Italy are happy and feel it is right to punish Germany. “They should be happy it wasn’t more severe.”

Germany is outraged. They feel betrayed and stabbed in the back by this vengeful treaty.

The United States refuses to sign the treaty and decide to enter a period of Isolationism.

The Allied powers determined the fate of the German people by drafting the Treaty of Versailles.

1. Explain how the Treaty reflected the different personalities and agendas of the men in power at the end of WWI.

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2. If you could influence the outcome of the Treaty of Versailles, what would do and why?

3. Connect the Treaty of Versailles with another event, person, or idea (Text-Text, Text-Self, Text-World). Explain your connection.

Consequences of World War I Map Comparison

Directions: look at the maps of Europe in 1914 and in 1919 then answer the following questions.

1. A new country in Central Europe in 1919 wasa. Czechoslovakiab. Germanyc. France

2. A new country in Eastern Europe in 1919 wasa. Russiab. Greecec. Yugoslavia

3. A country that lost territory in World War I wasa. Spainb. Francec. Germany

4. A country that gained territory in World War I was

a. Germanyb. Francec. Austria-Hungary

5. A country divided into many other countries wasa. Great Britainb. Austria-Hungaryc. Italy

6. A new country in Northern Europe in 1919 was a. Estoniab. Swedenc. Norway

7. A country in Central Europe that did not change in size as a result of World War I was

a. Austriab. Germanyc. Switzerland

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8. A country that lost territory to the new nation of Poland wasa. Franceb. Russiac. Bulgaria

9. Another European country that did not exist before World War I was a. Denmarkb. Lithuaniac. The Netherlands

10. A country north of Italy that was formerly part of an empire was a. Franceb. Switzerlandc. Austria

Name_________________________________ Date______________

The Russian RevolutionObjectives:

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Students will be able to:

Identify and evaluate the causes & effects of the Russian Revolution

Identify & evaluate the leadership of Lenin and Stalin

Examine & evaluate the use of communism in Russia

Themes:

Conflict

Movement

Location

Textbook: chapter 30 section 1, 866-873

Date Essential Question & answer

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1880-1240

Russian culture begins and flourishes in the area of ________________________

Culture influenced by the __________________________ Empire

Predominant Religion -- _____________________________________________

1240-1400

____________________ rule Russia—absolute power

Due to geography, Russia is ___________________________ from Western Europe

1480-1585

New leaders called __________________________ (Russian for “Caesar”)

_______________________-unlimited power

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Let’s Review Russia!

1613-1917

_____________________ Dynasty (300 years)

Russia remains economically underdeveloped: ______________________

_____________________: Peasants tied to the land; bought and sold with it

_______________________ The Great and ______________________________ the Great

Modernization & expansion of Russia’s boundaries

Little changed for the serfs

________________________________ & _________________________________

Industrialization

Secret Police & censorship

_____________________________--all groups must surrender ethnic cultures.

1894 : ___________________________________

Czar Alexander III prevented the spread of revolution by…

What did Czar Alexander III do to promote 1 Russian culture?

Did Czar Nicholas II bring reforms to Russia? Why?

1900 : __________________________________

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Causes of the Russian Revolution

What did the Russian government do to bring rapid industrialization to the nation?

What major project did the Russians begin in 1900?

What problems did Industrialization bring to Russia?

1903 : __________________________________

What did Marxist Revolutionaries believe?

Who were the “Bolsheviks” and what was their goal?

Who was Vladimir Lenin?

1904 : _________________________________

What were the Russians forced to look for in order to keep industrialization going?

What regions were Russia and Japan competing over?

Why was this an embarrassment to Czar Nicholas II?

1905 : _________________________________

What was the purpose of the worker protest?17

How did the government respond to the 200,000 protesters?

What reforms came out of this event?

1914 : __________________________________

Why were the Russians unprepared for war?

How many casualties did the Russians face in the 1st year of the war?

What problems were Russians facing on the home front?

We were not thirty yards from the soldiers, being separated from them only by the bridge over the Tarakanovskii Canal, which here marks the border of the city, when suddenly, without any warning and without a moment’s delay, was heard the dry crack of many rifle-shots. I was informed later on that a bugle was blown, but we could not hear it above the singing, even if we had heard it we should not have known what it meant.

Vasiliev, with whom I was walking hand in hand, suddenly left hold of my arm and sank upon the snow. One of the workmen who carried the banner fell also. Immediately on of the two police officers to whom I had referred shouted out “What are you doing? How dare you fire upon the portrait of the Tsar?” This, of course, had no effect, and both he and the other officer were shot down—as I learned afterwards, one was killed and the other dangerously wounded.

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Bloody Sunday

By Father Gapon

On January 22, 1905, a priest named Father Gapon led a peaceful march of about 200,000 workers and their families to the Winter

Palace in St. Petersburg. The marchers wanted to ask Czar Nicholas II for better working conditions, more personal freedom, and an elected

I turned rapidly to the crowd and shouted to them to lie down, and I also stretched myself out upon the ground. As we lay thus another volley was fired, and another, and yet another, ‘til seemed as though the shooting was continuous. The crowd first kneeled and then lay flat down, hiding their heads from the reign of bullets, while the rear rows of the procession began to run away. The smoke of the fire lay before us like a thin cloud, and I felt it stifling in my throat… a little boy of ten years, who was carrying a church lantern tightly and tried to rise again, when another shot struck him down. Both the smiths who had guarded me were killed, as well as all those who were carrying icons and banners; and all these emblems now lay scattered on the snow. The soldiers were actually shooting into courtyards of the adjoining houses, where the crowd tried to find refuge and, as I learned afterwards, bullets even struck persons inside, through the windows.

At last the firing ceased. I stood up with a few others who remained uninjured and looked down at the bodies that lay prostrate around me. I cried to them, “Stand up!” But they lay still. I could not at first understand. Why did they all lie there? I looked again, and saw that their arms were stretched out lifelessly, and I saw the scarlet stain of blood upon the snow. Then I understood. It was horrible. And my Vasiliev lay dead at my feet.

Horror crept into my heart. The thought flashed through my mind, “And this is the work of our Little Father, the Tsar”. Perhaps this anger saved me, for now I knew in very truth that a new chapter was opened in the book of the history of our people. I stood up, and a little group of workmen gathered around me again. Looking backward, I saw that our line, though still stretching away into the distance, was broken and that many of the people were fleeing. It was in vain that I called to them, and in that moment I stood there, the center of a few scores of men, trembling with indignation amid the broken ruins of our movement.

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The Bolshevik Revolution___________________ Government

o Temporary government after the czar was removed (1917)

o Too _____________ and ______________ to make changes—did little to help the peasants!

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______________ Returns Home!

o He & Trotsky head revolutionary socialist party: _______________________________

o Aim to overthrow capitalists! Embrace the ideas of ______________________

o November 1917: Seize power!!!

Slogan: ______________________, ______________________, & __________________

Revolutionary Changes!

o Lenin takes control

o _________________ distributed to peasants & workers control _______________________

o Sign the treaty of Brest-Litovsk with _________________ to end Russian involvement in WWI

Civil War in Russia!

o ________________________ (Bolsheviks) vs. _____________________________ (Support Czar)

o Czar Nicholas & family ______________________

o ___________________________ win; 15 million Russians died

1. In Russia, the events of Bloody Sunday, the heavy causalities during WWI, and the ineffective leadership of the Czar led directly to the

a) Revolution of 1917b) Institution of Perestroikac) Signing of the Munich Pactd) Creation of the Warsaw Pact

2. Which slogan expressed the ideals of the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917?

a) Liberty, Equality, Fraternityb) Bread, Land, and Peacec) Land and Libertyd) Nationalism, Democracy, and the People’s Livelihood

3. Which statement best describes the relationship between WWI and the Bolshevik Revolution?

a) WWI created conditions in Russia that helped trigger a revolutionb) WWI postponed the revolution in Russia by restoring confidence in the Czarc) Opposing Russian forces cooperated to fight the foreign invadersd) WWI gave the Czar’s army the needed experience to suppress the revolution

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Russia Recovers—USSR it is!

o Order is restored-- ______________________ party holds all power

o _________________________________ (NEP)

Self-governing republics controlled by Communist Party

Dictatorship of the Communist party

________________________ to control dissenters (people who speak out against govt.)

o Lenin Dies in 1924… Power Struggle results

o Who wins? _______________________________________

PRACTICE

CAPITALISM _______________________ own businesses & industries (means of

production)

Law of _______________ & __________________ regulate the market

Lots of Choice & incentive!

COMMUNISM _______________________ owns industry and controls economic

decisions

The ___________________ introduced this is Russia when they took control of all privately owned businesses

Economic planners in ___________________ decide what, where, how many, for whom, and at what prices goods should be produced

While Karl Marx’s idea was that workers of the world would rule… Lenin made sure that the

Communist Party would rule!!!!!

A key principle of the economic theory of communism is

a) Restoration of a bartering system22

Capitalism vs. Communism

PRACTICE

b) Organization of workers’ unionsc) Government ownership of propertyd) Privatization of business

DIRECTIONS: Read the biographies of Czar Nicholas and V.I. Lenin. Then compare and contrast their ideas and actions in the chart below. Do you think they are more similar or different?

Czar Nicholas II

V.I. Lenin

Leadership Position

Leadership Philosophy

Role in/Feelings of WWI

Involvement in Revolution of

1917?

Greatest Accomplishmen

ts

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Leadership Failures

Death

What are two similarities between these leaders? What are two differences?

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Dynamic Leader

One-Party RuleState Control of Society

Modern Technology

Methods of Enforcement

Control of Individuals

Ideology

CHARACTERISTICS OF A TOTALITARIAN STATE Is about

So what? What is important to understand about this?

Industrial

Policies

1. What did Stalin’s government want to increase with the first Five-Year Plans?

2. What was done to accomplish these goals?

3. What results were achieved?

Agricultural Policies

4. What did Stalin’s government do in 1928?

5. Did people resist? How many died?

6. What results were achieved?

Control Methods

7. How did Stalin maintain his power?

8. What was the Great Purge of 1937?

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Stalin’s Totalitarian StateBy the mid-1930s, Stalin had forcibly transformed the Soviet Union into a totalitarian regime and an industrial and political power. He stood unopposed as dictator and maintained his authority over the Communist Party. Stalin did not tolerate individual creativity. He saw it as a threat to the conformity and obedience required of citizens in a totalitarian state. He ushered in a period of total

9. How many deaths was Stalin responsible for during this time?

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Propaganda & Censorship

10. What did Stalin’s government control?

11. What was the only subject that could be written about and broadcast?

12. What was the purpose of art?

Education & Indoctrination

13. What did students learn in schools from nursery school through university?

14. What group was given new educational opportunities under Stalin, especially in medicine?

15. Where did future party members get trained??

Religion

16. Under Stalin, religion was replaced with what?

17. What religion was the main target?

18. What methods did Stalin use to attack religion?

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