vienna, 11-13 may 2005
DESCRIPTION
Sustainable Development Communications Network Enhancing International Cooperation on Biomass PRESENTED BY: DR CLIVE RICHARDSON. Vienna, 11-13 May 2005. JATROPHA CURCAS “THE POWER PLANT”. Main Distribution regions- of Jatropha Curcas . Renewable energy for a sustainable future. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
1
5th Global Forum on Sustainable EnergyVienna, 11-13 May 2005
1
5th Global Forum on Sustainable EnergyVienna, 11-13 May 2005
Sustainable Development Communications Network
Enhancing International Cooperation on Biomass
PRESENTED BY: DR CLIVE RICHARDSON
Vienna, 11-13 May 2005
2
5th Global Forum on Sustainable EnergyVienna, 11-13 May 2005
2
5th Global Forum on Sustainable EnergyVienna, 11-13 May 2005
JATROPHA CURCAS
“THE POWER PLANT”
GROWING E N E R G Y SOLUTIONS
Decentralized Renewable Energy
3
5th Global Forum on Sustainable EnergyVienna, 11-13 May 2005
3
5th Global Forum on Sustainable EnergyVienna, 11-13 May 2005
Main Distribution regions- of Jatropha Curcas
4
5th Global Forum on Sustainable EnergyVienna, 11-13 May 2005
Renewable energy for a sustainable future
Decentralized Renewable Energy
5
5th Global Forum on Sustainable EnergyVienna, 11-13 May 2005
5
5th Global Forum on Sustainable EnergyVienna, 11-13 May 2005
6
5th Global Forum on Sustainable EnergyVienna, 11-13 May 2005
6
5th Global Forum on Sustainable EnergyVienna, 11-13 May 2005
1. Agro -forestryCertified seedsTissue culture TruncheonsDeveloped into Certified D1 JCL seedlings, grown & seeds harvested
Decentralized Renewable Energy
2. Crushing PlantSeed is taken to the depotWhere oil is extracted – D1 Tech Oil – Seed cakeSeedcake - processed into Organic fertilizer – Power
3. D1 20 processing plant
converts oil to D1 BioDiesel to the
standard of En14214
7
5th Global Forum on Sustainable EnergyVienna, 11-13 May 2005
7
5th Global Forum on Sustainable EnergyVienna, 11-13 May 2005
India
8
5th Global Forum on Sustainable EnergyVienna, 11-13 May 2005
8
5th Global Forum on Sustainable EnergyVienna, 11-13 May 2005
Egypt - Luxury
9
5th Global Forum on Sustainable EnergyVienna, 11-13 May 2005
9
5th Global Forum on Sustainable EnergyVienna, 11-13 May 2005
Egypt - Luxury
10
5th Global Forum on Sustainable EnergyVienna, 11-13 May 2005
10
5th Global Forum on Sustainable EnergyVienna, 11-13 May 2005
South Africa
11
5th Global Forum on Sustainable EnergyVienna, 11-13 May 2005
11
5th Global Forum on Sustainable EnergyVienna, 11-13 May 2005
Nepal
12
5th Global Forum on Sustainable EnergyVienna, 11-13 May 2005
12
5th Global Forum on Sustainable EnergyVienna, 11-13 May 2005
Philippines
13
5th Global Forum on Sustainable EnergyVienna, 11-13 May 2005
13
5th Global Forum on Sustainable EnergyVienna, 11-13 May 2005
An earth to engine strategy: SEEDJatropha from which Bio Diesel is produced is an indigenous species in many countries, planted once every 30 years, estimated 250k tonnes already produced today with climatic conditions ideal for further development.
Feedstock of choice: high oil yield, fast growing, non-edible, durable, long production life, profitable by-products.
Ensure quality and supply of seed.
Replicate optimum yielding plants via micro propagation (MP) for specific areas.
OIL SALES
REFINING EARTH VEGETABLE
OILBIODIESEL ENGINE
14
5th Global Forum on Sustainable EnergyVienna, 11-13 May 2005
14
5th Global Forum on Sustainable EnergyVienna, 11-13 May 2005
An earth to engine strategy: YIELDD1 Oils Jatropha nuts yield an average of 40% crude non-edible vegetable oil Jatropha less dependent on climate and soil conditions than other energy cropsFast and sustainable propagation – Jatropha trees bearing nuts within 18 months and productive for 30 yearsCapable of both intercrop and boundary planting, on non prime land creating flexible supply of potential land sitesPlanting, cultivating and harvesting provides significant new employment for rural communities
EARTH VEGETABLEOIL
BIODIESEL ENGINEOIL SALES
REFINING
15
5th Global Forum on Sustainable EnergyVienna, 11-13 May 2005
15
5th Global Forum on Sustainable EnergyVienna, 11-13 May 2005
An earth to engine strategy: ENGINE
Car and heavy vehicle manufacturers such as Audi, Daimler Chrysler and Volvo make models that accept pure bio diesel without modification to the engineAll modern diesel cars can run on blended fuel without engine modifications, so can lorries, trains, public service vehicles and plant machinery
EARTH VEGETABLEOIL
BIODIESEL ENGINEOIL SALES
REFINING
16
5th Global Forum on Sustainable EnergyVienna, 11-13 May 2005
16
5th Global Forum on Sustainable EnergyVienna, 11-13 May 2005
The Growing Bio diesel Market faces a shortage of Energy crops
Security of Supply
Emissions Reductions(Kyoto Protocol)
Foreign Government Policies (Clean air acts)
Consumer and Industrial demand
Bio
die
sel m
arke
t driv
ers
Current global bio diesel production is 1.3 million tonnes growing at 14% per year and predicted to reach 2.7 million tonnes by 2010
Bio fuel policies recommending bio dieselblends should create 7.2 million tonnes of demand by 2010
A production gap of 4.5 million tonnes is currently predicted by 2010
D1’s approach to this opportunity involves:
• Securing the feedstock supply chain
• Introducing modular refining technology
• Guaranteeing domestic markets for bio diesel distribution
• Guaranteeing export markets for crude vegetable oils
17
5th Global Forum on Sustainable EnergyVienna, 11-13 May 2005
17
5th Global Forum on Sustainable EnergyVienna, 11-13 May 2005
SALIENT FEATURES OF JATROPHA
Perennial hardy shrub, drought resistant and survives well in arid and semi arid tropics.
Grows well in all types of soil and even in poor, marginal and degraded waste lands.
Easy to cultivate & propagate.
Not browsed by cattle, no major pest & diseases.
18
5th Global Forum on Sustainable EnergyVienna, 11-13 May 2005
18
5th Global Forum on Sustainable EnergyVienna, 11-13 May 2005
ECONOMIC FEATURES OF JATROPHA
Cost effective, renewable and environmentally safe bio fuel.
Jatropha removes carbon from atmosphere.
Jatropha oil cake contains high nutritive value and used as manure. Also has insecticidal properties.
Bi-products: Glycerol - used for various downstream products
19
5th Global Forum on Sustainable EnergyVienna, 11-13 May 2005
19
5th Global Forum on Sustainable EnergyVienna, 11-13 May 2005
TARGET OUTPUT PER HECTARE
1000 trees per acre produces :Seed - 5 TonesSeed cake - 3 TonesVegetable Oil - 2 TonesGlycerol - 0.2 Tones
Estimated Bio Diesel production per acre is 2,200 litres
Potential yields of 6 tonnes per acre and 55% oil Extraction are attainable
20
5th Global Forum on Sustainable EnergyVienna, 11-13 May 2005
20
5th Global Forum on Sustainable EnergyVienna, 11-13 May 2005
Collar Girth Leaf Area Root Length
Measurements of Growth Parameters
Humidified seeds Scarified seeds Rinsing with tap water
16 hours humidification (2 N HCL)
D1 PDC recommended seed treatment practices
21
5th Global Forum on Sustainable EnergyVienna, 11-13 May 2005
21
5th Global Forum on Sustainable EnergyVienna, 11-13 May 2005
DESCRIPTION DATA REMARKS
Number of bunches /plant 750 bunches Potential
No of fruits per bunch 10 fruits “
No of fruits per plant 7500 fruits “
On an average of 5 fruits per bunch (750 x 5) 3750 fruits Average
No of seeds per fruit 3 seeds Average
No of seeds out of 3750 fruits (3750 x3) 11250 seeds Average
No of seeds per kilogram 1200 seeds/kg “
Seed Yield per plant in kg (1/1200 x 11250) 9 kg “
No of plants per acre 1200 to 1500
a) if (2mx2.0m=1200) (1200 x 9) 10.08 mt
b) if (2mx1.5m=1500) (1500 x 9) 13.50 mt
c) if (2mx1.0m=2000) (2000 x 9) 18.00 mt
22
5th Global Forum on Sustainable EnergyVienna, 11-13 May 2005
22
5th Global Forum on Sustainable EnergyVienna, 11-13 May 2005
Factors effecting the deteriorationof Jatropha seeds
Seeds
Physical Chemical Biological
•Storage container•Place of storage•Method of storage
•Seed chemistry•Presence of natural anti oxidants•Seed moisture content
•Micobial load•Type of microorganisms
23
5th Global Forum on Sustainable EnergyVienna, 11-13 May 2005
23
5th Global Forum on Sustainable EnergyVienna, 11-13 May 2005
Fruit borer
Leaf webber
Achaea janata Weaver caterpillar
Calidea bug
These pests can be effectively controlled by bio pesticides
Mite infestation
24
5th Global Forum on Sustainable EnergyVienna, 11-13 May 2005
24
5th Global Forum on Sustainable EnergyVienna, 11-13 May 2005
Root rot symptoms
Cercospora leaf spot
Collar rot symptoms
These diseases can be effectively controlled by bio fungicides
25
5th Global Forum on Sustainable EnergyVienna, 11-13 May 2005
25
5th Global Forum on Sustainable EnergyVienna, 11-13 May 2005
POST HARVEST SEED MAINTENANCE
Screening of seeds and removing infected and discolored seeds before storagePacking in Dry and disinfected (Malathion) bagsMaintaining a moisture content of less than 8%Using synthetic antioxidants like BHA-Butyrated hydroxy anisole orBHT- Butyrated hydroxy toluene if neededPost harvest pest management- use of botanics- Nochi (Vitax negundo) leaf powder @5%Preventing microbial lipase activityStoring the seeds in dry and cool placePeriodical seed inspection to detect fungal infection
26
5th Global Forum on Sustainable EnergyVienna, 11-13 May 2005
26
5th Global Forum on Sustainable EnergyVienna, 11-13 May 2005
Kernels (Defatted protein)Water purificationEffluent procesingPharmaceuticalFood processingTextilesPetrochemicalSteel industryNuclear power stationsDye industryDesalinisation
FRUITS LEAVES WHOLE PLANT BARK
SHELLSEEDS
HULL
KERNELS
Crude OilBiodiesel - LubricantIllumination - Phorbolesters:Edible oil Bio pesticidesSoap production (Kill vector snails Other cosmetics of Schistosomiasis)
RodenticdeMedicinal uses
Seed cake or expeller
Animal feed(protein supplement)Organic fertilizerRodent repellant
Anti inflammatory agentsSilviculture
TanninsDyes Erosion control
As a hedgeShelter plant for other cropsRodent repellantSap: Medicinal uses
Fuel, mulch and biogas
Jatropha curcas and its potentials
ACTIVATED CARBON
Water purificationPollution controlMolecular sievesPharmaceutical
Crude oil
(Removal of FFA, Gums & Waxes)
Raw material for soap industry
Transesterification
Bio diesel Glycerin Fuel Pharmaceutical Food processing Explosives Paint industry Lubricant Defrosting Runways/ Roadways
27
5th Global Forum on Sustainable EnergyVienna, 11-13 May 2005
27
5th Global Forum on Sustainable EnergyVienna, 11-13 May 2005
Oil Crops
Renewable CO2
Used in Automobiles
Environmental benefits of Bio-Diesel – Pertro-Diesel
Biodiesel grade B100 B20 Total unburnt hydrocarbons -93% -30% Carbon monoxide -50% -20% Particulate matter -30% -22% NOx +13% +2% Sulphates -100% -20% Polyciclic aromatic hydrocarbons
-80% -13%
nPAH 2-nitroflurene,1- nitropyrene
-90% -50%
Ozone(smog) forming potentional
-50% -10%
Life cycle emissions Corbon dioxide -80% Sulphur dioxide -100%
28
5th Global Forum on Sustainable EnergyVienna, 11-13 May 2005
28
5th Global Forum on Sustainable EnergyVienna, 11-13 May 2005
Project Documentation Preparation and review of the Project
Periodic verification & certification
• Project Idea Note• Project Concept Note• Project Concept Document (or equivalent)
Baseline Study and Monitoring and Verification Plan (MVP)• Project Design Document • Baseline study and ER projections• Monitoring and Verification Plan
Validation process• Validation protocol and report
Negotiation of Project agreements• Project Appraisal and related
documentation• Term sheet• Emission Reduction Purchase Agreement• Host Country Agreement or equivalent
Construction and start up• Initial verification report
• Verification report• Supervision report
Project completion
29
5th Global Forum on Sustainable EnergyVienna, 11-13 May 2005
29
5th Global Forum on Sustainable EnergyVienna, 11-13 May 2005
Project design: identification, preparation, review
Negotiations of purchase agreement
Validation Report and Opinion
Baseline Study, Monitoring Plan
CER’s Project Cycle
Project Implementation and Initial Verification
Transfer ERs to Participants accounts
Periodic verification & certification of ERs
Production of ERs and monitoring
PCF payments for ERs to Project Entity
OILS plc
GROWING E N E R G Y SOLUTIONS
5th Global Forum on Sustainable EnergyVienna, 11-13 May 2005
30
5th Global Forum on Sustainable EnergyVienna, 11-13 May 2005
30
Dr. Clive RichardsonD1 Oils plc 100 Pall Mall London SW1Y 5HP
www.d1plc.com