7/23/2019 VIDEO_Who Killed the Electric Cars

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Who Killed the Electric Car (EC)?https://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=nsJAlrYjGz8

1. Why did the gas car win over the EC?EC lost momentum

Automatic starters

Cheaper oil

Mass production

1920's production

Sleek and fast and gave Americans the road

2. Gas cars

Air pollution

1990-41 stage-onesmogalerts

Healthimpacts

Lungdisease

Cancer

Asthma

CO2globalwarminggasProblemswithSocial Security

Problemsofwar onterrorism

Any caratleast19 lbofCO2 totheair

0. About the movie

Watched Jan. 15, 2015

2006

Sony Pictures Classics

1h33min

ISBN : 1-424-8-19547 / 978-1-42481-954-6

3. GM EV Program

John R. Dabels

FormerEVMarketingDirector

Was told:"Developdemandforelectricvehicles worldwide"

Blanksheetofpaperwas enoughtostartinthe program

1987 GM won the World Solar Challenge race (Australia)

The winner vehicle was the Sunraycer - solar-powered EV

Roger Smith challenged the team to developed a solution to the market

The GM EV was developed in California instead of Detroit

Qualities

2seaters

Perfectforcommutesupto 120miles/day

Moderndesign

70-80milespercharge

California regulators Carcompaniesshouldsellsomeof thevehicles withnoexhaust

ZeroEmissionsVehicleMandate(1990)

Droppedthe mandatein Apr.24,2003

EV1

Everythingwas goodCool

Fast

Sexy

EV1team

13people

Nokids,nofamily

Business model

$250and500/monthly

notsold

Gainedcelebrities andfamous people

AlexandraPaul

EdBegley

MelGibson

TomHanks

Competitors

HondaEVPlus

FordThink

ToyotaRAV4EV

FordRangerEV

NissanAltraEV

Thecompanies startedto comply withthe newregulation

Conversionofgas vehiclesto electric vehicles

800EVssold

4,000peopleinthewaitinglist

EV1launching:Californiawas settingthetoughestautopollutionstandards intheUS

4. Oil companies funded actions

Lists arguing against charging stations

Editorials on newspapers

Environmental justice issue = only rich people could afford EVs

5. EV killed

Killed by the drop in the electric car mandate Apr. 24, 2003

As the cars were leased, GM did not give the owners the right to buy them

The owners and fans organized protests and a funeral

Fans ofEV1-Club

84EV1withGMstoppedina parkinglot

GMtruckthemdowntotheAr izona

Fansfollowedthe actions ofGM inan helicopter

GMcrushedaround 50EV1's inArizona

OnMarch15, 2005,

GMtook thelast EV1s

tobe destroyed

Thevigilwasover

They loadedthecar intoclosedtrucks andload-trucks escorted

bythepolice

Thefuneralwas intentedto

raisepublic awareness

Occurredinthe samemonth as the1ststage-onesm ogalertin 5years

EVis notforeverybody.Given thelimited range,itcan only\meet theneeds of90% ofthe population

GM removed all the EV1 of circulation. The last one was in 2004.

Whatdidthey dowiththe entirefleetthey got?

GMhas 4options

Universities orcolleges(Engineeringschools)

Recycling

Museums anddisplays aroundthecountry

Drivenby GMengineers

Later,FordThinks andRangers werefoundin aplace waitingtobe destroyed

Truck-loadofToyota RAV4EV was foundbysome activists

HondaEV Plus'swereshreded

6. Who killed the electric car?

Lack of corporate wisdom (Wally E. Rippel, Research Engineer AeroVironment)

Big oil (consumer)

Allan Lloyd (Doug Korthof, EV driver)

The California Air Resources Board under the pressure from the auto companies (Alexandra Paul)

The murder was committed by the GM company (S. David Freeman - Energy Advisor, Pres. Carter administration)

GM would sell you a car that ran on a pig shit if it sold. (Dan Neil - Pulitzer Prize winner - Los Angeles Times)

7. Suspects

A. Consumers

NotenoughdemandtotheEC

Didconsumers knowthatthecarexisted?

No

Iwoulddr iveone.

They arnotmaking thesecarsin Californiaanymore?Toobad. Weneedthose cars.

Why arethey gettingridofit? Arethey insane?That's ano-brainer.Of coursethereis.

I'veheardabout.

Savegas,save people,saveair, saveoxygen,save theworld.All sounds goodtomee.

ConsumersdidnotembracetheECVehicleswithlimited ranges,stillfunctional,useful, practical.

B. Batteries

Notenoughtechnology? Really

nothaveenoughrange?

Bettertechwas leadacidbatteries -60 miles.(Bill

Wylam-GMDelcoperson)

Peoplethink they

needa300 miles carrechargingin5 min.

(PaulScott-EVdriver)

90-95%ofpeople

needtodr ive29

miles/day

Stan

Ovshinsky

developedanewandbetter

battery

Autonomy:

100miles ormore

GMpurchasedcontroland

shareofhiscompany

GMsolditsshareto

ChevronTexaco

ChevronTexacocrushed

theECwiththis

C. OilCompanies

Maybethey sawtheECasa threattotheir

monopolyon providingthe

transportationfuel. (JimBoyd,CaliforniaAirBoard)

Strongincentivetodiscourage

alternatives (onlytheones that

they themselves control)(JosephJ.Romm,Ph.D.,Ex.

DirectorCenterforEnergyandClimateSolutions)

Example:GMbought thetrolleysystemsandshutthem down(1933-1961)

becauseofoil companiespressure.

Whatkilledwas

antiquatedtechnology.(Edward

H.Murphy,Ph.D.-AmericanPetroleum

Institute)Exampleofsomething thatweneed toavoid.

Profits (ExxonMobil+Chevron-Texaco+Conoco-Philips)in 2003:

$33Bi// 2004:$47Bi// 2005:$64Bi

Oil companies feared - EVwould become successful in 6years. And auto companiesthat they would lose money

with EVs in 6 months. (Rippel)

D. Car companies

Hugeresentmentaboutbeingtoldthat

whattype ofmotorvehiclehadtobe

made.(TimBoyd)

GMfearedthatthey could

notmakeprofitwiththeEV's

anddidnotunderstandhowToyotawas goingahead

withPrius.Later,ToyotaPriusdemonstratedthattherewas

amarketfor thosevehicles.

Autoparts and

servicearegreatpartofdealerships

income

(replacement/maintenance).

As ithadno internal

combustionengine.Theirprofits wouldbe

threatened.

Mechanic says hedidn'tlike Gas

cars becausethey aredirty!!!

WorkingonEV1s,hewenthomeascleanas hearrivedto work.

ServicingEV1was simple

Every 5,000miles

Putinair

Rotatetires

Addwasherfluid

Nooil changes,nodirty, noemissions!

Congress passedthePresident's

economic stimulus

package

$25,000taxbreak grewto$100,000

smallbusiness needto havesupportat this time(SpencerAbraham -US Energy Secretary)

DATAMax.Fed. Tax BreakforEV (2002):$4,000

Max.Fed. Tax Breakfor+6,000 lb(2003):$100,000

GMbuys Hummerfrom AMGeneral(Dec. 1999)

1monthlater-GMclosedEV1assembly lineinLansing,MI

E. Government

Federalpolicies always werehelpfultoshapethefuture

Fueleconomystandards wereputin

by Pres.JimmyCarter

His energy planimprovedfueleconomy anddecreased

dependenceonforeignoilNext,RonaldReagan,took off

thesolarpanels intheWhiteHouse,installedby JCarter

Also,decontrolledthe

pr iceofoiltomovetheoil

industry inthe USforward.Clintonadministration

put$1bi todevelophybridcarsIronically,nationalindustry

didnotmadeit-NoECcame

up!!!!

Bargainw/car companies:developa

hybrid(gas +electric train)buttheywouldnotpursue fueleconomy

Then,inBush'sadministrationthings walked

away

HondaandToyotainvestedmoney and

cameupwiththeirhybridmodelsAv.Fuel Economy 2006JapaneseHybridvehicles =42 mpg

AmericanHybridvehicles =25 mpg

F. California AirResources Board(C.A.R.B.)

AllanLloydwas chairmanofCARB

4months beforedropthe mandate

AcceptedandoffertobeChairmanof

theCaliforniaCellFuelPartnership

G. Hydrogen Fuel Cell

Miracles fora

HydrogenFuel

CellCargetthemarket

1.Currentfuel cellcosts $1,000,000

2.Notenoughroomfor

hydrogencell.Thereis nomaterialtogive therangethat

peoplewant

3.Hydrogenfuel is expensive

It is 2or3times moreexpensivethangasoline(evenif it is fromFF)

4.Needfueling infrastructure

Atleast 10,000to20,000gas stations

offeringthefuel toget people's interesttobuy

5.Hopeand pray tonothingnewin themarketingcomeup

Competingtechnologies mustnotimprove

8. Who was guilty?

Car companies

Oil companies

CARB

Consumers

Government

Hydrogen Fuel Cell

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nsJAlrYjGz8