Video Video Surveillance SystemsSurveillance Systems::

Current Systems and Future Current Systems and Future TrendsTrends

Anastasios DimouResearcher – CERTH/ITI

Video Surveillance Video Surveillance SystemsSystems

Definition:

“A video surveillance system monitors the behaviour,

activities, or other changing information, usually, of

people from a distance by means of electronic

equipment.”equipment.”

Scope:

• Prevention

• Reaction

• Detection

• Intervention

CCTV CCTV –– Closed Circuit TVClosed Circuit TV

CCTV is a system where signals are not publicly

distributed but monitored for security purposes.

Surveillance in NumbersSurveillance in Numbers

16B16B

14B14B

Global Surveillance Market

Global Surveillance Market (2013, $)

55B in 2020

Surveillance Equipment Market (2013, $)

45B in 2020

0,3B0,3B

0,21B0,21B

Video Analytics Market (2013, $)

1,2B in 2017

Surveillance Cameras (2013, No )

Existing Systems Existing Systems -- AnalogueAnalogue

An analogue camera transmitsvideo via coaxial cable to a singlecentral location for monitoring,recording, and video analysis.

Characteristics:� Low initial investment� Low initial investment� Wide-spread compatibility� Robust camera performance

under difficult scenarios

Hybrid Systems

Existing Systems Existing Systems –– Network (IP)Network (IP)

A digital camera transmits videovia network to a single centrallocation for monitoring, recording,and video analysis.

Characteristics: � Superior image quality� Superior image quality� Easy, future-proof integration� Scalability and flexibility� Cost-effectiveness� Distributed intelligence� Remote accessibility� Easy, reliable installation

Video AnalyticsVideo Analytics

• Moving in an area

• Crossing a line

• Tailgating

• Loitering

• Person

• Vehicle

• Static objects

EventDetection

ObjectDetection

• Target type

• Event type

• Colour

• Similar targets

• Video Summary

• Thumbnails

• Target Path

• Site Map

Detection

ResultsVisualization

SearchParameters

Detection

Technology LimitationsTechnology Limitations

Analogue Systems

Low resolution

Expensive cabling

Bounded scalability

Network Systems

Low performance in low-

light environments.

Inconsistent frame-ratesBounded scalability

Lack of analytics

Remote access

High cost of cameras

Lack of interoperability

Network congestionHybrid Systems

Installation InefficienciesInstallation Inefficiencies

• Surveillance Cameras

Poor camera positioning

Poor quality video recordings

Inadequate maintenance

• Control room

High camera to operator ratio

Difficulty in following events across cameras

Ineffective operator’s workspace setup

Communication difficulties

Pitfalls and Fallacies Pitfalls and Fallacies (Technology)(Technology)

�Network systems are better than Analogue ones

�More pixels means higher image quality

� 80% Analytics is “Good Enough”

�Analytic systems are in any way a match for an �Analytic systems are in any way a match for an

(attentive) operator

Pitfalls and Fallacies (CSI Edition)Pitfalls and Fallacies (CSI Edition)

� Surveillance video quality can be enhanced in a lab

using software

� Facial recognition software can pick someone out of

a crowda crowd

�Most surveillance content is monitored in real time

� Surveillance videos are stored indefinitely

�Human behaviour can be predicted

Pitfalls and Fallacies Pitfalls and Fallacies (Societal)(Societal)

� Video surveillance cameras are an effective

standalone crime prevention measure

�Video surveillance cameras deter crime

�Dummy cameras may scare away some criminals

� Surveillance system installations are well targeted

� The best reaction to crime and security incidents is

to put up cameras

� Video surveillance cameras justify their cost

Future Trends in HardwareFuture Trends in Hardware

� System-wise

�Crowd Sourcing Video Surveillance (i.e. mobile devices)

�Distributed (in edge devices) analytics

�Migrating physical security onto the network

� Cameras

�Wide Dynamic Range (multi-exposure)

� Super low-light performance

�Multi-Megapixel cameras

�Panoramic cameras

Future Future Trends in SoftwareTrends in Software

� System-wise

�Video Surveillance as a Service (VSaaS)

� Integrate applications beyond security (e.g. retail)

� Social Media Analytics

�Analytics

� Face recognition

�Behavioural analytics

� Illicit action prediction

Emerging IssuesEmerging Issues

• Technology

– Video storage

– Network utilization

– Computational needs

– Video verification

• Privacy and Security

– Security in VSaaS systems

– Privacy issues arising from new analytics

– Privacy in crowdsourcing solutions

Thank youfor your attention

Questions?

SourcesSources

• MarketsAndMarkets - Video Surveillance Market by System (Analog, IP) by Hardware, Software & Services, Application (Infrastructure, Commercial, Institutional, Industrial and Residential), and Geography- Global Trends & Forecasts to 2013 – 2020.

• MarketsAndMarkets - Network Camera and Video Analytics Market - Global Forecast, Trend & Analysis – Segmentation by Technology, Function, Resolution, Product & Service Type, System Architecture, Verticals, Application and Geography (2012 - 2017).(2012 - 2017).

• BIS - Video Surveillance System (Camera, Storage, Monitor, Software & Services) Market Size: Global Analysis & Forecast - 2014 to 2020.

• First Reference - Dispelling popular myths about video surveillance in workplaces, facilities and mass gathering areas.

• StorageServers - How many video surveillance cameras are there in this world?

• Security 500 - State of the Market: Video Surveillance.

• http://www.provizionph.com/products/cctv/

• Not the Usual Suspects, Keval Sasse, Security Journal, 2010