Video Pupillary Tracking Systemsas a Method for Interfacing

Jesse McVaney BME 281 – Oct 23,2012

- 1879: Louis Emile Javal – observes eye movement during reading.

- Edmund Huey creates early eye tracker - 1970: Hunziker creates video/glass technique

to track eye movement.- 2000’s: Open Source software and

inexpensive parts allow for inexpensive video trackers

History

Fig.1: Reading gaze (public domain)

Fig. 2: Hunziker’s 8mm film through Glass technique

Video Pupillary Technique

Microcontroller/

Microprocessor

Software

Output Signal

Emitter Diode

Collector Diode & Camera

Infrared lig

ht

• The output signal form the software is interpreted as a coordinate system.

• The camera must be calibrated using a dot array on a computer screen (Abbott & Faisal)

• This method allows for eye tracking to interface with computer equipment.

Tobii X60 Eyetracker

GT3D Tracker

Advantages

• Non- Invasive• Little to no training• Small and portable• Fast information rate• Parts are relatively inexpensive.

• EEG Brain interface : 1.63 bits/sec• Cortical invasive interface : 3.3 bits/sec• EMG/speech recognition : 6.13 bits/sec• Video Eye Tracking: 1100 bits/sec

Uses

• Due to its high sample rate, eye tracking could be used to more easily control prosthetics.

• Control Equipment such as machinery/ wheel chairs

• Interface with computers for web browsing/ word/image processing, etc.

• Research and Marketing

Future

• Cost reduced• Computer interfacing not just for disabled• Smaller, more portable units• Better controls for non 2D interfacing

Sources Cited• Wikipedia: Eye Tracking http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_tracking, 2012• Hans-Werner Hunziker: Visuelle Informationsaufnahme und Intelligenz: Eine Untersuchung über die Augenfixationen beim

Problemlösen. Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Psychologie und ihre Anwendungen, 1970, 29, Nr ½ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Eye_tracking_thru_glass.JPG 2012

• Abbott W, Faisal A. BMC Neuroscience. Ultra Low Cost eyetracking as an high information throughput alternative to BMIs 112 (1): 103,2011

• Tobii X60 http://www.tobii.com/en/eye-tracking-research/global/products/hardware/tobii-x60x120-eye-tracker/• Abbott W, Faisal A. GT3D Tracker.CNN:$30 gadget lets you control computer with your eyes. <

http://www.cnn.com/2012/09/24/tech/mci-eye-tracking-gadget/index.html> 2012• Tobii Glasses < http://www.tobii.com/eye-tracking-research/global/products/hardware/tobii-glasses-eye-tracker/ >