viable tomatoes species for romanian environment based on genetic tests
TRANSCRIPT
Abstracts / Journal of Biotechnology 185S (2014) S37–S125 S115
every couple highlights a different reaction, overall these effectswere grouped into two close frequencies.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.07.390
Effect of cadmium on seed germination andseedling development at Salvia officinalis L.
Petrescu Irina, Dobosan Iulia ∗, Madosa Emilian,Gorinoiu Gabriela, Bala Monica, Banu Constantin,Becherescu Alexandra, Dragunescu Anca, SirbuCorina
Banat’s University of Agricultural Science andVeterinary Medicine, Timisoara, Romania
E-mail address: [email protected] (D. Iulia).
Industrial process, agricultural productions, mining and otherhuman activities have resulted in considerable contamination ofsoils with heavy metals. Among the heavy metals, cadmium isof special concern due to its relatively high mobility in soils andpotential toxicity to life at low concentrations. The tolerance ofcadmium at medicinal plants Salvia officinalis L. was investigatedusing seed germination treated with three different concentrationsof cadmium chloride (V2-10 ppm, V3-50 ppm and V4-100 ppm).Seeds germination was measured every 24 h. Root and hypocotyllength and the number of lateral roots of geminated seeds was mea-sured at the end of the experimental trial. The obtained data werestatistical analyzed using Anova test. Significant differences weredefined at 0.05 level. The tested cadmium solutions had differenteffect on seed germination in the variants investigated. The cad-mium reduced seed germination in S. officinalis, the percentages ofgermination being 81.00% (in V2), 59.66% (in V3) and 21.33% (inV4), as compared with control 93.33% (in V1). Cadmium solutionsreduced relative root elongation at 50 ppm and 100 ppm concentra-tions with the exception of 10 ppm concentrations which increasedthe relative root elongation in S. officinalis.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.07.391
Base of biofungicide creation for protection ofplants Ulmus pumilla L. against fungus diseasesin conditions of urbanodendroflora in SouthernKazakhstan
Moldir Turaliyeva ∗, Arystanbek Yeshibaev, AigulUspabayeva, Gulmira Elibayeva
South Kazakhstan State University Named After M.Auezov, Kazakhstan
E-mail address: [email protected] (M. Turaliyeva).
Ulmus pumilla L. is one of indigenous species of urbanoden-droflora in Southern Kazakhstan. However development of invasivefungus diseases in region caused sharp degradation of com-munities of this species. Now more than 75% of adult treesare affected by fungus diseases which cause their mass blight.In this connection, the aim of our research conducted dur-ing 2010–2013 was research of specific structure of agents U.pumilla and search of microorganisms-antagonists for creation ofbiofungicide. During work traditional phytopathological, microbi-ological, and molecular-genetic methods of research were used.As results of phytopathological researches from the affected tis-sues of trees there were isolated pure cultures of 36 strains ofphytopathogenic microorganisms: 24 – microscopic fungi and12 – bacteria. Molecular-genetic identification have shown, thatthe microflora of the affected live tissues of plants consists of
micromycetes – Fusarium solani (KC254048.1), Fusarium oxyspo-rum (EU625403.1), Microdochium nivale (FJ792588.1) and bacteria –Bacillus cereus (KF475854.1), Enterecoccus galinarium (KF254559.1).The results of the conducted laboratory researches have shown,that bacteria – Bacillus thuringiensis (KF317873.1), microscopicfungi – Mucor circinelloides (AM745433.1) and Metschnikowia pul-cherrima (GU237059.1) exhibit high antagonistic activity againstthe phytopathogenic microorganisms which are of practical inter-est for creation biofungicides against them.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.07.392
Biosorption of gold from aqueous solutions bytwo species of Fontinalis
Paulo Favas 1,∗, Filipe Pratas 2, João Pratas 2, JorgeCanhoto 2
1 University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal2 University of Coimbra, Portugal
E-mail address: [email protected] (P. Favas).
The aim of this study was to test the ability of two species ofwater mosses (Fontinalis antipyretica and Fontinalis squamosa) inthe biosorption of gold (Au) and pathfinder elements (silver, anti-mony and arsenic) in aqueous solution. Were established in vitrocultures of these species and determined the most favorable condi-tions for its cultivation. Once enough plant material was obtainedwe have tested the ability of both species to growth in the presenceof Au added to the growth medium as sodium tetrachloroaurate (III)hydrate (NaAuCl4) in concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 20 �M.The results indicated that Fontinalis antipyretica showed a growthrate similar to the control on media containing until 3.75 �M.Higher concentrations impaired plant growth. Fontinalis squamosashowed better adaptation to higher concentrations. We also madesimilar studies with Ag, Sb and As. Experiments made in aquariumover 30 days tested the accumulation behavior of the plants in thepresence of gold iodide (AuI), gold cyanide (AuCN), NaAuCl4, anti-monium tartaricum (C4H4O7Sb.Na), arsenic trioxide (As2O3) andsilver nitrate (AgNO3) in three different concentrations. The resultsobtained with Graphite Furnace Atomic Absortion Spectrometryseem to indicate that both plants are suitable biosorbents for Au,Ag and Sb.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.07.393
Viable tomatoes species for Romanianenvironment based on genetic tests
Alexandru Dumitru 1,∗, Maria Pele 1, Elena MariaDraghici 2
1 Department of Biotechnology, University ofAgronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine,Bucharest, Romania2 Department of Horticulture, University ofAgronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine,Bucharest, Romani
E-mail address: [email protected] (A. Dumitru).
Introduction: Tomatoes are nowadays one of the most consumedvegetable in the whole world along the entire year. The main aim ofthis study was to test from genetically point of view the best speciesto be cropped in Romania. Materials and methods: The abundance ofvarieties made us to search some features witch can serve our localgrower needs. Therefore we established a trial with 25 varietiesfrom the main vegetable companies and together with the local
S116 Abstracts / Journal of Biotechnology 185S (2014) S37–S125
growers searched for the best characteristics that a tomato needsto be the best for the Romanian market. Results: We determinedthat the features that are interacting are: construction and environ-mental factors (construction typology, ventilation, temperature,pollination, soil structure and E.C.) agro-technical factors (prun-ing, density, fertilization, resistance to viruses and diseases) andthe market factors (long shelf life “L.S.L. gene” harvesting methodand manipulation; the place of sale (supermarket/open market).Conclusions: The competition inside and outside Romania made thecommercial factors to be classified as the main decision point whenit comes to choose a tomato variety. So, the average grower is look-ing for a better flavor; resistance to viruses and diseases; betterappearance and attractive look; and freshness reflections.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.07.394
Research regarding the influence of substrateon multiplication by seeds at ornamental grassspecies Stipa tenuissima
Elena Liliana Chelariu ∗, Mirela Murariu Cojocariu
Department of Horticultural Technologies,University of Agricultural Sciences and VeterinaryMedicine “Ion Ionescu de la Brad”, Iasi, Romania
E-mail address: [email protected] (E.L. Chelariu).
Research aimed to establish a suitable substrate for seedlings’ pro-duction for specie Stipa tenuissima. Experience was carried out atUASVM Iasi, Romania, in 4 variants, each variant representing onetype of substrate: V1 – peat, V2 – jiffy-pots, V3 – garden soil and V4– 1 part garden soil + 2 parts peat + 0.5 parts sand. At each variantwere utilized 100 seeds. Substrate influenced germination processso this one varied from 95% (V4) and 52% (V2). At V1 germinationpercent was of 83% and at V3 was 78%. Also were observed differ-ences between variants regarding triggering plant emergence andseed germination period. For V2, plant emergence took place laterand had a longer period in comparison with the other variants.Before seedlings’ planting in field those ones had a mean heightbetween 14.8 cm (V4) and 9.7 cm (V2), and the mean number ofroots/plant was between 7.6 (V4) and 4.1 (V2). At variants V1 andV3 values were close to V4. In conclusion we could say that the bestresults were obtained at variant V4, followed by V1 and V3, and theworst ones at V2.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.07.395
The influence of some bio-stimulatingsubstances on seed breeding for Asternovii-belgii
Murariu Cojocariu Mirela ∗, Chelariu Elena Liliana
Faculty of Horticulture, University of AgriculturalSciences and Veterinary Medicine Iasi, Romania
E-mail address: [email protected] (M.C. Mirela).
The purpose of the present work is the analysis of the influence ofsome bio-stimulating substances (Atonik, Razormin, Sprintene) ongermination of Aster novii-belgii seeds. 25 seeds were sowed in 4variants: V1 – control variant (no stimulation), V2 (seeds immersedfor 12 h in Atonik solution – 1 ml/1 l water), V3 (Razormin solution –2 ml/1 l water, applied on soil after sowing) and V4 (seeds immersedin Sprintene solution – 1 ml/1 l water). The used substrate has beenidentical for all variants. For each variant, treatment applied forsubstrate was repeated once every 7 days. Results shown that stim-ulating substances caused halving of plants’ springing period (5
days for V2, 6 days for V3 and V4) in comparison to control vari-ant (12 days). Germination percentage was influenced, so that thehighest values were obtained for variant V2 (44%), then V3 (36%)and the lowest for V1 and V4 (28%). The differences in comparisonwith control plants were very significant for V2 and V3. Five weeksafter sowing, before transplanting, average height of sprouts variedbetween 2.5 cm (V3) and 1.2 cm (V1). For V3 differences from con-trol variant were positive and very significant. The average numberof leaves on plant was between 5.6 (V1) and 7.1 (V3).
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.07.396
Common bean as perspective source ofproteinase inhibitors on the way to transgenicplants resistant to pests and diseases
Beibutgul Akimalieva Zhumabayeva ∗, ErikaDimashevna Djangalina, Zaure GaynetdinovnaAytasheva
Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Kazakhstan
E-mail address: [email protected] (B.A. Zhumabayeva).
Wide implementation into practice of crops containing genes forstrange proteins increasing their tolerance to vermins and diseasesis being observed at present. One of the patterns of such proteinsare inhibitors of proteolytic enzymes identified ubiquitously acrossplant kingdom including the legumes. Gene engineering applieswidely plant proteinase inhibitors to obtain transgenic plants resis-tant to insects. To date genes for more than fourteen inhibitorproteins have been already expressed to in various crops. Thisimposes specific requirement of new sources for these proteins todevelop agricultural biotechnology research and plant protection.In our experiments the activities of trypsin and chemotrypsin intwelve cultivars of common bean bred in Kazakhstan, Russia andother countries have been investigated. It has been established thathigh trypsin activity would be characteristic of Kazakhstani andRussian cultivars, whereas differences in chemotrypsin activitiesremained negligible. Comparing to foreign specimens which haveindicated trypsin activity not exceeding 11.7 mg/g, cvs. “Aktatti”,“Red Goya” and “Yubileinaya” possessing high trypsin activities of20.2, 20.5 and 19.8 mg/g, respectively, may be recommended asperspective sources of proteinase inhibitors for isolating, express-ing related inhibitor genes and obtaining relevant transgenic plants.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.07.397
Wheat cisgenic transformation with class Ichitinase gene
Elina Maltseva 1,∗, Ainur Ismagul 2, GulnurIskakova 2, Alexandr Chirkin 1, Yuriy Skiba 1,Gulnara Ismagulova 1, Serik Eliby 2, NagimaAitkhozhina 1
1 Laboratory of Genome, M.A.Aitkhozhin’s Institute ofMolecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty,Kazakhstan2 Group of Plant Transformation, Australian Centerfor Plant Functional Genomics, Adelaide, Australia
E-mail address: elina [email protected] (E. Maltseva).
Chitinase is an enzyme involved in the defense mechanisms ofwheat against fungal pathogens. Therefore, wheat resistance maybe increased by introduction of genes, expressing such kind ofenzymes, into wheat genome, or constitutive expression of alreadyestablished “strong” genes of the same species. This approach to