Vesuvio, Ischia e Campi Flegrei: monitoraggio e stato dei vulcani

Francesca BiancoOsservatorio Vesuviano –INGV

INGV

THE NEAPOLITAN VOLCANIC DISTRICT

THE VOLCANIC DISTRICT WITH THE HIGHEST RISK IN THE WORLD, R = H x V x E H, V & E assume high values in the area.

34000 YEARS AGO HERE OCCURED ONE OF THE LARGEST ERUPTION IN EUROPE

INGV –OV (the oldest volcanoobservatory of the world) has in chargethe monitoring and the surveillance of the neapolitanvolcanic district, i.e. Vesuvio, Campi Flegrei & Ischia volcano

Vesuvio last eruption:1944Campi Flegrei last eruption: 1538Ischia last eruption: 1302

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The Vesuvio Monitoring System

• 24 seismic stations• 1 seismic array• 12 GPS stations• 4 Tide-gauges• 8 tiltmeters• 1 IR thermal station• 2 geochemical stations

CONTINOUSLY MEASUREMENTS

PERIODIC MEASUREMENTS• Levelling network• Gravity stations• 3 discrete IR thermal

stations• 2 monitoring

fumaroles systems

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VESUVIO - SUMMARY OF THE OBSERVATIONS : SEISMOLOGY

- The Micro-seismicity mainly affects the first 2-3 km of the crateric upper crust. - The maximum Magnitude recorded in the last 5 years: 2.8- No LP or tremor are recordedINGV

VESUVIO - SUMMARY OF THE OBSERVATIONS : GEODESY

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- A general subsidence, due to loadingand gravitative phenomena is recordedin the crater area

GPS

TILTMETERS

- Locally factors influenced pattern thatagrees with the absence ofdeformations due to volcano activity

VESUVIO - SUMMARY OF THE OBSERVATIONS: GEOCHEMISTRY & IR T

No variation in the geochemical parameters of the fumarolic system

BASIS=All the monitored parametersare at the background levelINGV

No variation of the measured temperature

The Ischia Monitoring System

• 5 GPS stations• 1 tide-gauge• 3 tiltmeters

CONTINOUSLY MEASUREMENTS

PERIODIC MEASUREMENTS

• Levelling Network• Gravity Stations• 7 IR thermal stations

• 14 seismic stations7 of them are equipped alsowith an accelerometer

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- Only 10 earthquakes have beenrecorded in the last 6 months. Dueto the very low energy of most ofthem , we were able to locate only8 of them. (Mmax=2.5).

ISCHIA –SUMMARY OF THE OBSERVATIONS: SEISMOLOGY

Blu=last 5 yearsRed=last 6 months

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ISCHIA - SUMMARY OF THE OBSERVATIONS : GEODESY

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- A general subsidence of the isle,higher values in the central andSouthern sector.

GPS

TILTMETERS

- The higher tiltmetric variationaffects the NE sector

BASIS=All the monitoredparameters are at thebackground level

ISCHIA

The Campi Flegrei Monitoring System

• 44 seismic stations• 3 seismic array• 24 GPS stations• 4 tide-gauges• 10 tiltmeters• 4 IR thermal stations• 3 CO2 flux & soil T station

PERIODIC MEASUREMENTS

CONTINOUSLY MEASUREMENTS

• Levelling network• Gravity stations• 4 discrete IR thermal

stations• 3 monitoring

fumaroles systems

INGV

THE INNOVATIVE MONITORING SYSTEM IN THE GULF OF POZZUOLICUMAS

Cabled UnderwaterMultidisciplinary

Acquisition SystemGPS

Broad- Band SeismometerAccelerometer (mems)Low frequency hydrophoneBottom Pressure Recorder

Integrated system with: GPS on the top of the infrastructure

on the bottom of the infrastructure

INGV

The seismicity mainly affects the first 2 – 3 km of the upper crust.

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CAMPI FLEGREI - SUMMARY OF THE OBSERVATIONS : SEISMOLOGY/1

In blue locations of the earthquakes occurred in the last 5 years. In red those occurred since june 2018

Last 5 years events Magnitude Magnitude of the sesismic events recorded since june 2018.

The most populated Magnitude range is [ -1 , 1] .

Mmax=2.5 (october 2015, september 2018) Mmax=2.5 18 09 2018

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CAMPI FLEGREI - SUMMARY OF THE OBSERVATIONS : SEISMOLOGY/2

Seismic swarms 2005 -2018

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CAMPI FLEGREI - SUMMARY OF THE OBSERVATIONS : SEISMOLOGY/3

Seismic Events number/month/half year since 2005

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CAMPI FLEGREI - SUMMARY OF THE OBSERVATIONS : SEISMOLOGY/3

Seismic events number /month since 1983

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CAMPI FLEGREI - SUMMARY OF THE OBSERVATIONS : SEISMOLOGY/4

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CAMPI FLEGREI - SUMMARY OF THE OBSERVATIONS : SEISMOLOGY/5

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CAMPI FLEGREI - SUMMARY OF THE OBSERVATIONS : GEODESY/1

GPS on land “near”

UPLIFT) since 2014 (roughly + 31 cm, 3 cm since June 2018) UPLIFT since 2016 (roughly + 19 cm)

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CAMPI FLEGREI - SUMMARY OF THE OBSERVATIONS : GEODESY/2

GPS on land “far”

UPLIFT since 2014 (roughly + 6 cm) UPLIFT since 2016 (roughly + 3.5 cm)

~ 10 cmSince april

2016

GPS offshore

The source location inferred from the on land GPS data and obtained by applying thebest fitting Mogi model parameters is about 0.5 km south of RITE at a depth of 2.8 km

Iannaccone et al. (2018), Measurement of seafloor deformation in the marine sector of theCampi Flegrei caldera (Italy), Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 123, 66–83

GPS data modelling

CAMPI FLEGREI - SUMMARY OF THE OBSERVATIONS : GEODESY/3

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7 mm/mese

16 mm/mese

10 mm/mese

CAMPI FLEGREI - SUMMARY OF THE OBSERVATIONS : GEODESY/4

uplift velocity in time

Tilt measurements

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CAMPI FLEGREI - SUMMARY OF THE OBSERVATIONS : GEODESY/5

Radial symmetry, with some local variations, in agreement with the deformation pattern

CAMPI FLEGREI - SUMMARY OF THE OBSERVATIONS : GEODESY/6

g>0

g>0

g=0

Gravimetric observations

No gravity variations statistically significative. The Pozzuoli eastern coastal sectorand Pisciarelli show a weak gravity decrease.

Solfatara CO2 increasing flux

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CAMPI FLEGREI - SUMMARY OF THE OBSERVATIONS : GEOCHEMISTRY/1Solfatara Soil temperature (10 cm depth )

Solfatara CO2 flux & Temperature near BG and BN

CO2/H20 for BG (Solfatara) fumarole : increase of the magmatic component in thefumarolic fluids

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CAMPI FLEGREI - SUMMARY OF THE OBSERVATIONS : GEOCHEMISTRY/2

CO BG (Solfatara) fumarol : T and P increase in the hydrotermal system

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CAMPI FLEGREI - SUMMARY OF THE OBSERVATIONS : GEOCHEMISTRY/3

Magmatic degassing episodes

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CAMPI FLEGREI - SUMMARY OF THE OBSERVATIONS : GEOCHEMISTRY/4

Campi Flegrei: summary of the observations The observed micro-seismicity

affects mainly the first 3 km in depth of the Pozzuoli-Solfatara –Pisciarelli area. No LP events or tremor are recorded at present.

48 cm of uplift have beenrecorded in the last 7 years

Fumarolic and soil CO2 flux increasesas well as the fumarolic temperature and pression and their magmaticcomponents.

No gravimetric anomalies related to mass variations correlated with the volcanic activity have been observed

ATTENTION =Some anomalies in themonitored parameters

Campi Flegrei

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