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MAY20

project on vermicomposting method

VERMICOMPOSTING: THE BEST METHOD OF FURTILIZATION

INTRODUCTION:

It is estimated that in India nearly 700 million tonnes of organic waste are generatedannually which is either burned or land filled. The large amount of the agro waste generated from the market area created the

major environmental problems. Vermicomposting is the best biotechnology to reduce the load on the treatment and

disposal of biodegradable agro waste. In the present investigation, the study is carried out on the proper utilization of

agriculture waste from market yard through vermicomposting and obtaining the nutrientrich organic manure.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

In market yard, large amount of agro waste (biodegradable) are available such as-Sorghum and jowar straw (after feeding cattle), dry leaves of crops and trees,

pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) stalks, groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) husk, soybean(Glycine max) residues, vegetable wastes, weed (Parthenium), fibre from coconut

(Cocos nucifera) and sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) trashand waste generated

from the onion (Allium cepa) market.1.Selection of earthworm species for vermicomposting process:

For composting we selected the African species of earthworms i.e.Eisenia

fetida (Photo plate1) andEudrilus eugenae (Photo no. 2) which are efficient to

maintain vermicomposting process in India.

Eisenia fetidahas a wide range of temperature tolerance and has very highreproductive potential. It is less sensitive to density pressure &Eudrilus eugeniaeis

found to be a very efficient species for culture maintenance in India.

Photo no.-1.Earthworms (Eisenia Fetida) used as culture fordecomposition
http://projectonvermicompost.blogspot.com/2012/05/normal-0-false-false-false-en-us-x-none.htmlhttp://projectonvermicompost.blogspot.com/2012/05/normal-0-false-false-false-en-us-x-none.htmlhttp://projectonvermicompost.blogspot.com/2012/05/normal-0-false-false-false-en-us-x-none.htmlhttp://projectonvermicompost.blogspot.com/2012/05/normal-0-false-false-false-en-us-x-none.htmlhttp://projectonvermicompost.blogspot.com/2012/05/normal-0-false-false-false-en-us-x-none.htmlhttp://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xEus58lcezU/T7kCxDJxFHI/AAAAAAAAAAw/S8l1W6Gdgdo/s1600/Photo+no.-1.Earthworms+%28Eisenia+Fetida%29+used+as+culture+for+decomposition..bmphttp://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xEus58lcezU/T7kCxDJxFHI/AAAAAAAAAAw/S8l1W6Gdgdo/s1600/Photo+no.-1.Earthworms+%2528Eisenia+Fetida%2529+used+as+culture+for+decomposition..bmphttp://projectonvermicompost.blogspot.com/2012/05/normal-0-false-false-false-en-us-x-none.htmlhttp://projectonvermicompost.blogspot.com/2012/05/normal-0-false-false-false-en-us-x-none.htmlhttp://projectonvermicompost.blogspot.com/2012/05/normal-0-false-false-false-en-us-x-none.htmlhttp://projectonvermicompost.blogspot.com/2012/05/normal-0-false-false-false-en-us-x-none.html

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Photo no.-2 Earthworms (Eudr il us eugeniae) Used as Culture for decomposition

2. Methodology used for vermicomposting:The agro waste was collected from market area with the help of labours and

transported at the vermicompost project site by local vehicles.

Photo no-3: Construction of vermicomposting production

unit at the production site.

3.Initial steps for vermicomposting:-

Agro waste from market area transported at the vermicompost project site. The

waste is then segregated as biodegradable and non-biodegradable.

Biodegradable agro waste material is cut into small pieces by means of cutter

machine (Photo no.-3).

The biodegradable agro waste is allowed to its partial decomposition for 10 to15

days for achieving better activity of earthworm and nutrient enrichedvermicompost production (Photo no.-4).

Partially decomposed agro waste material is arranged in layers at the

vermicompost project site.
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-QhMCxvlFyAo/T7kEHxpmnwI/AAAAAAAAABI/4kUw6agdb5A/s1600/Photo+no.-4.+Cutter+machine+used+to+cut+agro+waste.bmphttp://1.bp.blogspot.com/-XYzltwGGEIs/T7kE1a0LRtI/AAAAAAAAABo/JmUvRl_E47Q/s1600/Construction+of+vermicomposting+production.bmphttp://3.bp.blogspot.com/-VNWamvR01lA/T7kEDV-tPFI/AAAAAAAAABA/cWKDEFVSLfY/s1600/Photo+no.-2+Earthworms+%28Eudrilus+eugeniae%29+Used+as+Culture+for+decomposition.bmphttp://1.bp.blogspot.com/-XYzltwGGEIs/T7kE1a0LRtI/AAAAAAAAABo/JmUvRl_E47Q/s1600/Construction+of+vermicomposting+production.bmphttp://3.bp.blogspot.com/-VNWamvR01lA/T7kEDV-tPFI/AAAAAAAAABA/cWKDEFVSLfY/s1600/Photo+no.-2+Earthworms+%28Eudrilus+eugeniae%29+Used+as+Culture+for+decomposition.bmphttp://3.bp.blogspot.com/-QhMCxvlFyAo/T7kEHxpmnwI/AAAAAAAAABI/4kUw6agdb5A/s1600/Photo+no.-4.+Cutter+machine+used+to+cut+agro+waste.bmphttp://3.bp.blogspot.com/-QhMCxvlFyAo/T7kEHxpmnwI/AAAAAAAAABI/4kUw6agdb5A/s1600/Photo+no.-4.+Cutter+machine+used+to+cut+agro+waste.bmp

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Photo no.-3. Cutter machine used to cut agro waste

Photo no.-4. Pre-Digestion of the agro waste with cow dung slurry

4.Manufacturing process: Preparation method of vermicompost bed:6 layer of partially biodegradable agro waste at the bottom of bed.1 layer of

cow dung slurry is applied on it to further decomposing of the agro waste for 15 to

20 days. After partial decomposition, cow dung slurry is covered by the 4 layer ofFarm Yard Manure .Then sprinkle bacterial culture of PSB bacteria having CFU

minimum 5x107 Cell/g on it. We were selected earthworm species (Photo no. 2 &3) through the cracks developed.

Physico- chemical analysis of vermicompost:

The matured vermicompost samples were collected from each vermicompost bed

about 500 gm and kept in the polythene bag which is free from adventitiouscontaminations. Each sample bags were labelled and sealed air

tightly.

The object of study
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-0gtHCuBmyIo/T7kEJjbzILI/AAAAAAAAABQ/E_OGF2HJ9EM/s1600/Photo+no.-5.+Pre-Digestion+of+the+agro+waste+with+cow+dung+slurry.bmphttp://3.bp.blogspot.com/-QhMCxvlFyAo/T7kEHxpmnwI/AAAAAAAAABI/4kUw6agdb5A/s1600/Photo+no.-4.+Cutter+machine+used+to+cut+agro+waste.bmphttp://4.bp.blogspot.com/-0gtHCuBmyIo/T7kEJjbzILI/AAAAAAAAABQ/E_OGF2HJ9EM/s1600/Photo+no.-5.+Pre-Digestion+of+the+agro+waste+with+cow+dung+slurry.bmphttp://3.bp.blogspot.com/-QhMCxvlFyAo/T7kEHxpmnwI/AAAAAAAAABI/4kUw6agdb5A/s1600/Photo+no.-4.+Cutter+machine+used+to+cut+agro+waste.bmp

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is to analyse the physico- chemical characteristics of matured vermicompost by

standard methods as per the Fertiliser (Control) Order 1985.

Physical Parameters of vermicompost-1. Particle size- Particle size of sample was 94.87% which passed through the 4.0

mm IS sieve.2. Colour- The colour of vermicompost samples collected from the set (1) and set

(2) were black.3. Odour- The foul odour were absent in vermicompost samples collected from set

(1) and set (2).4. Bulk density (g/cm

3)The bulk density ranged from the 0.8 to o.9.

5. Moisture percent by weight 23

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

Table No 1: Physico-chemical Characteristics of vermicompost set No.1.

(Bed No.1, 2 and 3 and their average).

Sr.No. Parameters Bedno.1

Bedno.2

Bedno.3

Averagevalue in

%

A Physical Characteristics

1 Colour (dark

brown to black)

Black Black Black Black

2 Odour No

Odour

No

Odour

No

Odour

No

Odour

3 Particle size (4

mm IS Sieve)

93.70 94.10 94.70 94.16

4 Moisture 20.50 22.80 19.50 20.94

5 Bulk

Density(g/cm3)

0.88 0.89 0.90 0.89

B Chemical Characteristics

1 pH 6.9 7.0 6.9 6.93

2 Conductivity(mscm-1)

3.50 3.45 3.37 3.44

3 Organic Carbon 18.5 19.4 20.2 19.374 Total Nitrogen 0.95 0.9 1.0 0.95

5 C/N ratio 19.47 21.55 20.2 20.40

6 TotalPhosphorus

(P2O5)

20.5 20.6 20.5

20.5

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7 Potassium

(K2O)

0.7 0.9 0.80.8

8 Calcium 5.4 5.9 5.7 5.67

9 Magnesium 0.2 0.3 0.25 0.25

10 Sulphur 0.4 0.5 0.45 0.45

All parameter values are presented in percentage (%); except the electrical

conductivity, pH and bulk density.Table No 2: Physico-chemical Characteristics of vermicompost set No.2.

( Bed No.1, 2 and 3 and their average).

Sr.No Parameters Bed

no.1

Bed

no.2

Bed

no.3

Average

value in

%


1 Colour (darkbrown to black)


2 Odour No

Odour

No

Odour

No

Odour

No

Odour

3 Particle size (4

mm IS Sieve)

94.87 94.10 93.97 94.31

4 Moisture 24.30 22.80 23.50 23.53

5 Bulk

Density(g/cm3

)

0.88 0.87 0.90 0.88


1 pH 6.8 7.1 6.9 6.94

2 Conductivity(ms

cm-1)

3.27 3.57 3.45 3.43

3 Organic Carbon 23.0 21.2 20.50 21.56

4 Total Nitrogen 0.95 0.9 0.98 0.94

5 C/N ratio 24.21 23.55 20.91 22.89

6 Total

Phosphorus(P2O5)

17.7 17.8 17.8

17.8

7 Potassium(K2O)

0.75 0.82 0.890.82

8 Calcium 5.7 5.8 5.4 5.64

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9 Magnesium 0.3 0.28 0.25 0.27

10 Sulphur 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.45

All parameter values are presented in percentage (%); except the electricalconductivity, pH and bulk density.

Chart No.1.Represented the average values of parameters from set 1 and set2 and Total

average of both.

DISCUSSION

Physico-chemical characteristics of vermicompost produced Colour:

Dark black colour of vermicompost indicated that the decomposition of agrowaste successfully.
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-lZoIOqlgPXE/T7kENjCmHEI/AAAAAAAAABY/1Wd57ODoOtE/s1600/Chart+No.1.Represented+the+average+values+of+parameters+from+set+1+and+set2+and+Total+average+of+both..bmp

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1. Odour: Absence of foul odour indicated that all parameters required for

composting process were present in optimum condition. 2. Bulk density:It is observed that bulk density of the soil increased. It is indicates

that vermicompost increased the porosity and bulk density of soil improve the

avaibility of nutrients to crop growth.

3. Moisture content: vermicompost addition caused a significant increase of

moisture content due to the more porosity addition to the soil.

4. Particle Size/porosity:The total porosity was improved by the use of

vermicompost. Greater porosity in the soil treated with vermicompost was due toan increase in the amount of pores.

5. pH and Conductivity:The pH range between 6.93 which promotes the

availability of plant nutrients like NPK, so vermicompost should be applied in soil.It is indicates that vermicompost improves the pH of soil and make available the

nutrient for the crop yield. 6. Organic Carbon:The deficiency in organic carbon reduces the storage capacity of

soil nutrients and reduction in soil fertility. The incorporation of vermicompostwith farm yard manure has been shown to increase organic carbon content in the

soil. In present study organic carbon increased up to 20.46% indicating it is

beneficial for growth and productivity of crops.

7. Nitrogen:The availability of Nitrogen was also increased. Indicating

vermicompost may attribute the significant increase in nitrogen of the soil by using

vermiwash and vermicompost due to the presence of nitrogen fixing bacteria,which increase the nitrogen content of the soil.

8. Total Phosphorus (as P2O

5):In present investigation that the vermicompost

shows the 19.15% phosphorus as P2O5in worms vermicast which suggested thatthe passage of organic matter through the gut of worm results in phosphorus (P)

converted to forms which are more bio-available to plants.

9. Total Potassium: The total average ofpotassium (K2O) was 0.81% in

vermicompost. Indicating nutrients N & P and the intestinal mucus excreted by

worms are further used by the microbes for multiplication and vigorous soil

remediation and fertility improvement action.Note: Above result tables &discussion is not standard. It depends on tests. It

should be different according to environmental conditions.

SUMMARYANDCONCLUSION:Vermicomposting appears to be the most promising as high value bio-

fertilizer which is not only increases the plant growth and productivity by nutrient

supply but also is cost effective and pollution free. Use of vermicompost promotessoil aggregation and stabilizes soil structure. This improves the air- water

relationship of soil, thus increasing the water retention capacity and encourages

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extensive development of root system of plants. The mineralization of nutrients is

observed to be enhanced, therefore results into boosting up of crop productivity.

Vermicompost produced from the farm wastes is not only having beneficial

effects on soil health and growth, quality and yield of crop but also playing vital

role in eradication of pollution hazards.

It helped to reduce volume of agro waste and to generate additional revenue.

The Problem of disposing the agro waste may be solved by constructing such thevermicomposting production unit.

The agro waste converted in vermicompost which will earn economic benefits.

No hazardous effluents are generated from a compost production unit using agro

wastes.

There are no pesticide residues, weed seeds, heavy metals, sand, termite or wax,plant root diseases, etc. Vermicompost can be used for all crops agricultural,

horticultural, and ornamental and vegetables at any stage of the crop.

It will reduce the requirement of more land for disposal of fruits and vegetablewastes in near future.

It helps to create better environments, thus reduce ecological risk.

CHANCES FOR IMPROVEMENT

The production of agro waste in market area from various sectors such asvegetables market, fruit market and onion market is about 1.5 metric tonn per day.

The agro waste contained about 95 to 96 % of biodegradable waste only 5 to 6 % isnon biodegradable wastes.

Improvements in present vermicomposting process:-

There should be provision effective collection and transportation of agro waste

at the site from various sectors to vermicompost site. This will reduce the cost.

The labour should be trained for the effective segregation of agro waste. The

non biodegradable waste should be removed before vermicomposting process.

They should followed the standard process to maintain all parameters such as

temperature, moisture, humidity at optimum condition for better availability ofnutrients after vermicomposting process.

Vermicomposting unit should have facilities such as outlets of vermiwash and

the possible to collect the vermiwash periodically.

The above improvements are essential for vermicomposting that will help tofarmers and society.

Posted20thMay2012bytusharhole

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project on vermicompost
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Classic

Flipcard

Magazine

Mosaic

Sidebar

Snapshot

Timeslide1.

MAY20

project onve rmicompostingmethod

VERMICOMPOSTING: THE BEST METHOD OF FURTILIZATION

INTRODUCTION: It is estimated that in India nearly 700 million tonnes of organic waste are generated

annually which is either burned or land filled. The large amount of the agro waste generated from the market area created the

major environmental problems.

Vermicomposting is the best biotechnology to reduce the load on the treatment anddisposal of biodegradable agro waste. In the present investigation, the study is carried out on the proper utilization of

agriculture waste from market yard through vermicomposting and obtaining the nutrientrich organic manure.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

In market yard, large amount of agro waste (biodegradable) are available such as-

Sorghum and jowar straw (after feeding cattle), dry leaves of crops and trees,

pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) stalks, groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) husk, soybean(Glycine max) residues, vegetable wastes, weed (Parthenium), fibre from coconut

(Cocos nucifera) and sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) trashand waste generatedfrom the onion (Allium cepa) market.

1.Selection of earthworm species for vermicomposting process:

For composting we selected the African species of earthworms i.e.Eisenia

fetida (Photo plate1) andEudrilus eugenae (Photo no. 2) which are efficient tomaintain vermicomposting process in India.

Eisenia fetidahas a wide range of temperature tolerance and has very highreproductive potential. It is less sensitive to density pressure &Eudrilus

eugeniaeis found to be a very efficient species for culture maintenance in India.

projectonvermicompost.blogspot.com/.../normal-0-false-false-false-en-us...
http://projectonvermicompost.blogspot.in/2012/05/normal-0-false-false-false-en-us-x-none.html?view=classichttp://projectonvermicompost.blogspot.in/2012/05/normal-0-false-false-false-en-us-x-none.html?view=flipcardhttp://projectonvermicompost.blogspot.in/2012/05/normal-0-false-false-false-en-us-x-none.html?view=flipcardhttp://projectonvermicompost.blogspot.in/2012/05/normal-0-false-false-false-en-us-x-none.html?view=magazinehttp://projectonvermicompost.blogspot.in/2012/05/normal-0-false-false-false-en-us-x-none.html?view=magazinehttp://projectonvermicompost.blogspot.in/2012/05/normal-0-false-false-false-en-us-x-none.html?view=mosaichttp://projectonvermicompost.blogspot.in/2012/05/normal-0-false-false-false-en-us-x-none.html?view=mosaichttp://projectonvermicompost.blogspot.in/2012/05/normal-0-false-false-false-en-us-x-none.html?view=sidebarhttp://projectonvermicompost.blogspot.in/2012/05/normal-0-false-false-false-en-us-x-none.html?view=sidebarhttp://projectonvermicompost.blogspot.in/2012/05/normal-0-false-false-false-en-us-x-none.html?view=snapshothttp://projectonvermicompost.blogspot.in/2012/05/normal-0-false-false-false-en-us-x-none.html?view=snapshothttp://projectonvermicompost.blogspot.in/2012/05/normal-0-false-false-false-en-us-x-none.html?view=timeslidehttp://projectonvermicompost.blogspot.in/2012/05/normal-0-false-false-false-en-us-x-none.html?view=timeslidehttp://projectonvermicompost.blogspot.com/2012/05/normal-0-false-false-false-en-us-x-none.htmlhttp://projectonvermicompost.blogspot.com/2012/05/normal-0-false-false-false-en-us-x-none.htmlhttp://projectonvermicompost.blogspot.com/2012/05/normal-0-false-false-false-en-us-x-none.htmlhttp://projectonvermicompost.blogspot.com/2012/05/normal-0-false-false-false-en-us-x-none.htmlhttp://projectonvermicompost.blogspot.com/2012/05/normal-0-false-false-false-en-us-x-none.htmlhttp://projectonvermicompost.blogspot.com/2012/05/normal-0-false-false-false-en-us-x-none.htmlhttp://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xEus58lcezU/T7kCxDJxFHI/AAAAAAAAAAw/S8l1W6Gdgdo/s1600/Photo+no.-1.Earthworms+%2528Eisenia+Fetida%2529+used+as+culture+for+decomposition..bmphttp://projectonvermicompost.blogspot.com/2012/05/normal-0-false-false-false-en-us-x-none.htmlhttp://projectonvermicompost.blogspot.com/2012/05/normal-0-false-false-false-en-us-x-none.htmlhttp://projectonvermicompost.blogspot.com/2012/05/normal-0-false-false-false-en-us-x-none.htmlhttp://projectonvermicompost.blogspot.com/2012/05/normal-0-false-false-false-en-us-x-none.htmlhttp://projectonvermicompost.blogspot.in/2012/05/normal-0-false-false-false-en-us-x-none.html?view=timeslidehttp://projectonvermicompost.blogspot.in/2012/05/normal-0-false-false-false-en-us-x-none.html?view=snapshothttp://projectonvermicompost.blogspot.in/2012/05/normal-0-false-false-false-en-us-x-none.html?view=sidebarhttp://projectonvermicompost.blogspot.in/2012/05/normal-0-false-false-false-en-us-x-none.html?view=mosaichttp://projectonvermicompost.blogspot.in/2012/05/normal-0-false-false-false-en-us-x-none.html?view=magazinehttp://projectonvermicompost.blogspot.in/2012/05/normal-0-false-false-false-en-us-x-none.html?view=flipcardhttp://projectonvermicompost.blogspot.in/2012/05/normal-0-false-false-false-en-us-x-none.html?view=classic

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Photo no.-1.Earthworms (Eisenia Fetida) used as culture fordecomposition

Photo no.-2 Earthworms (Eudr il us eugeniae) Used as Culture for decomposition

2. Methodology used for vermicomposting:

The agro waste was collected from market area with the help of labours and

transported at the vermicompost project site by local vehicles.

Photo no-3: Construction of vermicomposting production

unit at the production site.
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-VNWamvR01lA/T7kEDV-tPFI/AAAAAAAAABA/cWKDEFVSLfY/s1600/Photo+no.-2+Earthworms+%28Eudrilus+eugeniae%29+Used+as+Culture+for+decomposition.bmphttp://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xEus58lcezU/T7kCxDJxFHI/AAAAAAAAAAw/S8l1W6Gdgdo/s1600/Photo+no.-1.Earthworms+%28Eisenia+Fetida%29+used+as+culture+for+decomposition..bmphttp://3.bp.blogspot.com/-VNWamvR01lA/T7kEDV-tPFI/AAAAAAAAABA/cWKDEFVSLfY/s1600/Photo+no.-2+Earthworms+%28Eudrilus+eugeniae%29+Used+as+Culture+for+decomposition.bmphttp://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xEus58lcezU/T7kCxDJxFHI/AAAAAAAAAAw/S8l1W6Gdgdo/s1600/Photo+no.-1.Earthworms+%28Eisenia+Fetida%29+used+as+culture+for+decomposition..bmphttp://1.bp.blogspot.com/-XYzltwGGEIs/T7kE1a0LRtI/AAAAAAAAABo/JmUvRl_E47Q/s1600/Construction+of+vermicomposting+production.bmphttp://3.bp.blogspot.com/-QhMCxvlFyAo/T7kEHxpmnwI/AAAAAAAAABI/4kUw6agdb5A/s1600/Photo+no.-4.+Cutter+machine+used+to+cut+agro+waste.bmphttp://3.bp.blogspot.com/-QhMCxvlFyAo/T7kEHxpmnwI/AAAAAAAAABI/4kUw6agdb5A/s1600/Photo+no.-4.+Cutter+machine+used+to+cut+agro+waste.bmp

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3.Initial steps for vermicomposting:-

Agro waste from market area transported at the vermicompost project site. Thewaste is then segregated as biodegradable and non-biodegradable.

Biodegradable agro waste material is cut into small pieces by means of cutter

machine (Photo no.-3).

The biodegradable agro waste is allowed to its partial decomposition for 10 to15

days for achieving better activity of earthworm and nutrient enrichedvermicompost production (Photo no.-4).

Partially decomposed agro waste material is arranged in layers at thevermicompost project site.

Photo no.-3. Cutter machine used to cut agro waste

Photo no.-4. Pre-Digestion of the agro waste with cow dung slurry

4.Manufacturing process: Preparation method of vermicompost bed:6 layer of partially biodegradable agro waste at the bottom of bed.1 layer of

cow dung slurry is applied on it to further decomposing of the agro waste for 15 to

20 days. After partial decomposition, cow dung slurry is covered by the 4 layer ofFarm Yard Manure .Then sprinkle bacterial culture of PSB bacteria having CFU
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-0gtHCuBmyIo/T7kEJjbzILI/AAAAAAAAABQ/E_OGF2HJ9EM/s1600/Photo+no.-5.+Pre-Digestion+of+the+agro+waste+with+cow+dung+slurry.bmphttp://3.bp.blogspot.com/-QhMCxvlFyAo/T7kEHxpmnwI/AAAAAAAAABI/4kUw6agdb5A/s1600/Photo+no.-4.+Cutter+machine+used+to+cut+agro+waste.bmp

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minimum 5x107 Cell/g on it. We were selected earthworm species (Photo no. 2 &

3) through the cracks developed.

Physico- chemical analysis of vermicompost:

The matured vermicompost samples were collected from each vermicompost bed

about 500 gm and kept in the polythene bag which is free from adventitiouscontaminations. Each sample bags were labelled and sealed air

tightly.

The object of studyis to analyse the physico- chemical characteristics of matured vermicompost by

standard methods as per the Fertiliser (Control) Order 1985.

Physical Parameters of vermicompost-

1. Particle size- Particle size of sample was 94.87% which passed through the 4.0mm IS sieve.2. Colour- The colour of vermicompost samples collected from the set (1) and set(2) were black.3. Odour- The foul odour were absent in vermicompost samples collected from set(1) and set (2).4. Bulk density (g/cm

3)The bulk density ranged from the 0.8 to o.9.

5. Moisture percent by weight 23

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

Table No 1: Physico-chemical Characteristics of vermicompost set No.1.

(Bed No.1, 2 and 3 and their average).

Sr.No. Parameters Bed

no.1

Bed

no.2

Bed

no.3

Average

value in

%


1 Colour (dark

brown to black)


2 Odour No

Odour

No

Odour

No

Odour

No

Odour3 Particle size (4

mm IS Sieve)

93.70 94.10 94.70 94.16

4 Moisture 20.50 22.80 19.50 20.94

5 Bulk

Density(g/cm3)

0.88 0.89 0.90 0.89

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1 pH 6.9 7.0 6.9 6.93

2 Conductivity(ms

cm-1)

3.50 3.45 3.37 3.44

3 Organic Carbon 18.5 19.4 20.2 19.37

4 Total Nitrogen 0.95 0.9 1.0 0.95

5 C/N ratio 19.47 21.55 20.2 20.40

6 TotalPhosphorus

(P2O5)

20.5 20.6 20.5

20.5

7 Potassium

(K2O)

0.7 0.9 0.80.8

8 Calcium 5.4 5.9 5.7

5.67

9 Magnesium 0.2 0.3 0.25 0.25

10 Sulphur 0.4 0.5 0.45 0.45

All parameter values are presented in percentage (%); except the electricalconductivity, pH and bulk density.Table No 2: Physico-chemical Characteristics of vermicompost set No.2.

( Bed No.1, 2 and 3 and their average).

Sr.No Parameters Bed

no.1

Bed

no.2

Bed

no.3

Average

value in

%A Physical Characteristics

1 Colour (dark

brown to black)


2 Odour No

Odour

No

Odour

No

Odour

No

Odour

3 Particle size (4mm IS Sieve)

94.87 94.10 93.97 94.31

4 Moisture 24.30 22.80 23.50 23.53

5 Bulk

Density(g/cm3)

0.88 0.87 0.90 0.88


1 pH 6.8 7.1 6.9 6.94

2 Conductivity(ms

cm-1)

3.27 3.57 3.45 3.43

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3 Organic Carbon 23.0 21.2 20.50 21.56

4 Total Nitrogen 0.95 0.9 0.98 0.94

5 C/N ratio 24.21 23.55 20.91 22.89

6 Total

Phosphorus(P2O5)

17.7 17.8 17.8

17.8

7 Potassium(K2O)

0.75 0.82 0.890.82

8 Calcium 5.7 5.8 5.4 5.64

9 Magnesium 0.3 0.28 0.25 0.27

10 Sulphur 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.45

All parameter values are presented in percentage (%); except the electrical

conductivity, pH and bulk density.

Chart No.1.Represented the average values of parameters from set 1 and set2 and Total

average of both.

DISCUSSION

Physico-chemical characteristics of vermicompost produced Colour:

Dark black colour of vermicompost indicated that the decomposition of agrowaste successfully.

15. Odour: Absence of foul odour indicated that all parameters required for

composting process were present in optimum condition.

16. Bulk density:It is observed that bulk density of the soil increased. It is indicatesthat vermicompost increased the porosity and bulk density of soil improve the

avaibility of nutrients to crop growth.17. Moisture content: vermicompost addition caused a significant increase of

moisture content due to the more porosity addition to the soil.

18. Particle Size/porosity:The total porosity was improved by the use ofvermicompost. Greater porosity in the soil treated with vermicompost was due toan increase in the amount of pores.

19. pH and Conductivity:The pH range between 6.93 which promotes theavailability of plant nutrients like NPK, so vermicompost should be applied in soil.

It is indicates that vermicompost improves the pH of soil and make available thenutrient for the crop yield.
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-lZoIOqlgPXE/T7kENjCmHEI/AAAAAAAAABY/1Wd57ODoOtE/s1600/Chart+No.1.Represented+the+average+values+of+parameters+from+set+1+and+set2+and+Total+average+of+both..bmp

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20. Organic Carbon:The deficiency in organic carbon reduces the storage capacity of

soil nutrients and reduction in soil fertility. The incorporation of vermicompostwith farm yard manure has been shown to increase organic carbon content in the

soil. In present study organic carbon increased up to 20.46% indicating it is

beneficial for growth and productivity of crops.

21. Nitrogen:The availability of Nitrogen was also increased. Indicating

vermicompost may attribute the significant increase in nitrogen of the soil by usingvermiwash and vermicompost due to the presence of nitrogen fixing bacteria,

which increase the nitrogen content of the soil.

22. Total Phosphorus (as P2O5):In present investigation that the vermicompost

shows the 19.15% phosphorus as P2O5in worms vermicast which suggested that

the passage of organic matter through the gut of worm results in phosphorus (P)converted to forms which are more bio-available to plants.

23. Total Potassium: The total average ofpotassium (K2O) was 0.81% in

vermicompost. Indicating nutrients N & P and the intestinal mucus excreted byworms are further used by the microbes for multiplication and vigorous soilremediation and fertility improvement action.

Note: Above result tables &discussion is not standard. It depends on tests. It

should be different according to environmental conditions.

SUMMARYANDCONCLUSION:Vermicomposting appears to be the most promising as high value bio-

fertilizer which is not only increases the plant growth and productivity by nutrientsupply but also is cost effective and pollution free. Use of vermicompost promotes

soil aggregation and stabilizes soil structure. This improves the air- water

relationship of soil, thus increasing the water retention capacity and encouragesextensive development of root system of plants. The mineralization of nutrients is

observed to be enhanced, therefore results into boosting up of crop productivity.

Vermicompost produced from the farm wastes is not only having beneficial

effects on soil health and growth, quality and yield of crop but also playing vital

role in eradication of pollution hazards.

It helped to reduce volume of agro waste and to generate additional revenue.

The Problem of disposing the agro waste may be solved by constructing such the

vermicomposting production unit.

The agro waste converted in vermicompost which will earn economic benefits.

No hazardous effluents are generated from a compost production unit using agro

wastes.

There are no pesticide residues, weed seeds, heavy metals, sand, termite or wax,plant root diseases, etc. Vermicompost can be used for all crops agricultural,

horticultural, and ornamental and vegetables at any stage of the crop.

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It will reduce the requirement of more land for disposal of fruits and vegetable

wastes in near future.

It helps to create better environments, thus reduce ecological risk.

CHANCES FOR IMPROVEMENT

The production of agro waste in market area from various sectors such asvegetables market, fruit market and onion market is about 1.5 metric tonn per day.

The agro waste contained about 95 to 96 % of biodegradable waste only 5 to 6 % isnon biodegradable wastes.

Improvements in present vermicomposting process:-

There should be provision effective collection and transportation of agro waste

at the site from various sectors to vermicompost site. This will reduce the cost.

The labour should be trained for the effective segregation of agro waste. The

non biodegradable waste should be removed before vermicomposting process.

They should followed the standard process to maintain all parameters such as

temperature, moisture, humidity at optimum condition for better availability of

nutrients after vermicomposting process.

Vermicomposting unit should have facilities such as outlets of vermiwash and

the possible to collect the vermiwash periodically.The above improvements are essential for vermicomposting that will help to

farmers and society.

Posted20thMay2012bytusharhole

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