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VERO UK TRAINING MATERIAL

VISI Basic 2-D Modelling course (V-16)

VISI Modelling – 2D Design

Introduction Many component designs follow a similar route, beginning with a 2D design, part modelled using solids and commonly finished using surfacing techniques. The object of this course is to explain the basics of all methods. Within this example we will use the drafting capabilities of VISI-Series to create a simple drawing.

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2D Design 3D Solid Modelling Combined Solid & Surface Modelling


2D Drawing

When you open the VISI-Series application for the first time you will be presented with the following interface:

By default the working viewport will be setup to ‘Dynamic’. In this example we will only be working in 2D. Press the function key F2 to switch the viewport to the ‘Top’ view mode.

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Datum Point


STAGE 1: CREATE THE OUTER SHAPE The first step is to produce some reference (construction) lines, which we will use as our datum reference for the complete 2D drawing. WIREFRAME – SEGMENT/LINE – PARALLEL When a command is selected a new set of icons will appear on the left hand side. These icons are only relative to the current command.

The first two icons are very important. These two icons indicate which type of element will be created.

If the Segment icon is selected a segment of a given length will be created. Example: A segment between two points: If the Line icon is selected a constructional line of infinite length will be created. These lines are generally used as a constructional aid to 2D drafting.

In this instance we will create a constructional line parallel to the X and Y axis.

(i) Select the Line icon (ii) Select the reference line - Select the X axis

(iii) Select the distance 0mm

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Construction Line parallel to X axis Repeat the procedure for the Y axis. By default the system will retain the last command until the <ESC> key is depressed, there is no need to re-select the command from the menu. (i) Select the reference line - Select the Y axis (ii) Select the distance 0mm

Construction Line parallel to Y axis

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We will use the newly created construction lines as the reference datum position for the 2D drawing.


WIREFRAME – SEGMENT/LINE – PARALLEL

(i) Select the Line icon (ii) Select the reference line - Select the X axis or the construction line following the X axis Arrow pointing above An arrow will appear indicating the side on which the line will be created. A minus value can be used to automatically change the side on which the line will be created. The SPACEBAR can also be used after the line has been created to toggle the creation side.

(iii) Select the distance 180mm The line just created may not be instantly visible, this is because it has been created outside of the current viewing area. To make all elements visible select the ‘include in boundary’ icon.

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Include all



(i) Select the Line icon (ii) Select the reference line - Select the Y axis or the construction line following the Y axis Arrow pointing left An arrow will appear indicating the side on which the line will be created. A minus value can be used to automatically change the side on which the line will be created. The SPACEBAR can also be used after the line has been created to toggle the creation side.

(iii) Select the distance 275mm Again the construction line may not be visible. To make all elements visible select the ‘include in boundary’ icon.

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Include all


Using the ‘Parallel’ command create two more construction lines. (i) Create a construction line parallel to ‘Line 1’ at a distance of 75mm (position left) (ii) Create a construction line parallel to ‘Line 2’ at a distance of 75mm

(position below)

WIREFRAME – SEGMENT/LINE – ELEMENT ELEMENT With the constructional base now created we can create the main outer shape of the 2D drawing. The ‘Element Element’ command is used to create a segment or line between two points or elements. If the ‘Points’ environment is selected a point (intersection point etc) can be selected. If the ‘Element’ environment is selected geometrical elements can be selected.

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Points Environment :

Point Environment

Set Grid Parameters Select a Point with the Mouse Sliding Nearest Insert the Point Coordinates Point in Polar Co-Ordinates

Intersection Point Two Element Intersection

Parametric Point on a Segment/Arc Centre of a Circle / Arc

Quadrant of a Circle Point Filter

Enhanced Picking Equidistant Point

Enable / Disable Element Filter Set / Cancel Filters

Project onto Current Workplane

Element Environment :

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(i) Select the Segment icon (iii) Make sure the Point environment is selected

(iii) Make sure the Intersection Point icon is selected

(iv) Select the start position - Select ‘P1’ Select the end position - Select ‘P2’ (v) Select the start position - Select ‘P2’ Select the end position - Select ‘P3’ (vi) Select the start position - Select ‘P3’ Select the end position - Select ‘P4’ (vii) Select the start position - Select ‘P4’ Select the end position - Select ‘P5’ (viii) Select the start position - Select ‘P5’ Select the end position - Select ‘P6’ (ix) Select the start position - Select ‘P6’ Select the end position - Select ‘P1’

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P4

P1

P5

P6

P2 P3


In this example we have created a segment from each intersection point of the constructional geometry. It is possible to create the segments without the construction lines by using Cartesian co-ordinates to define the start and end points for each segment. It is also possible to use the EDIT – BREAK DIRECT function to break a construction line and automatically create a segment. In this case, select the construction line to break where the segment needs to be created. A segment will be automatically generated between the first two intersection points. WIREFRAME – SEGMENT/LINE – DELETE ALL LINES Using this command we will delete all the construction lines to leave only the `component boundary. WIREFRAME – SEGMENT/LINE – CHAMFER Using this command we can add a chamfer to the 2D geometry and automatically trim the relevant segments.

It is possible to define the chamfer using one of three options:- Distance :- The entered value will be used to chamfer both the selected elements. Distance – Distance :- Two dimensional values can be added, to chamfer the selected elements at different distances. Distance – Angle :- The first selected element will be chamfered at the “First Distance” value. The angle is controlled by the “Angle value. It is also possible using the ‘Retain Element’ check boxes to force the system not to automatically trim the geometry.

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(i) Select the first element - Select ‘Segment 1’ (ii) Select the second element - Select ‘Segment 2’

Select the “Preview” button to view the result.

When you are happy with the result select the “OK” button or “Right Hand Mouse Click to accept the result and close the chamfer dialog box

Segment 2

Segment 1

WIREFRAME – SEGMENT/LINE – CHAMFER

This time, we will create the chamfer using the Distance – angle option. Check the ‘Distance – angle’ button. Set the distance to 20 and the angle to 45 (i) Select the first element - Select ‘Segment 3’ (ii) Select the second element - Select ‘Segment 4’

Segment 4

Segment 3



WIREFRAME – CIRCLE/ARC – FILLET Using this command we can add a fillet to the 2D geometry and automatically trim the relevant segments.

Within the ‘Fillet’ command it is also possible using the ‘Retain Element’ check boxes to force the system not to automatically trim the geometry.


Segment 1

Segment 2

Segment 4

Segment 3


(i) Select the first element - Select ‘Segment 1’ (ii) Select the second element - Select ‘Segment 2’

(iii) Select the first element - Select ‘Segment 3’ (iv) Select the second element - Select ‘Segment 4’

Now let’s change the fillet radius value to 15mm and apply the fillet to Segment 5 and 6 and then apply a 10mm fillet to Segments 7 and 8.


Segment 5

Segment 6

Segment 7

Segment 8


(v) Select the first element - Select ‘Segment 5’ (vi) Select the second element - Select ‘Segment 6’ Now add a fillet to Segments 7 and 8 setting the radius value to 10mm. (vii) Select the first element - Select ‘Segment 7’ (viii)Select the second element - Select ‘Segment 8’

With the outer shape now completed we can concentrate on constructing the inner detail


Segment 1

Segment 2


STAGE 2: CREATE THE INNER TRIANGULAR DETAIL


(i) Select the Line icon (ii) Select the reference line - Select ‘Segment 1’ An arrow will appear indicating the side on which the line will be created. A minus value can be used to automatically change the side on which the line will be created. The SPACEBAR can also be used after the line has been created to toggle the creation side. (iii) Select the distance 50mm (position right - SPACEBAR) WIREFRAME – SEGMENT/LINE – PARALLEL

(i) Select the Line icon (ii) Select the reference line - Select ‘Segment 1’ An arrow will appear indicating the side on which the line will be created. A minus value can be used to automatically change the side on which the line will be created. The SPACEBAR can also be used after the line has been created to toggle the creation side. (iii) Select the distance 150mm (position right - SPACEBAR)


NOTE! . If at any point, the ‘Insert the distance’ panel does not appear, click on this “Distance” icon to make it appear.



(i) Select the Line icon (ii) Select the reference line - Select ‘Segment 2’ An arrow will appear indicating the side on which the line will be created. A minus value can be used to automatically change the side on which the line will be created. The SPACEBAR can also be used after the line has been created to toggle the creation side. (iii) Select the distance 15mm (position above - SPACEBAR)

P1

Reference line (L1)



WIREFRAME – SEGMENT/LINE – ELEMENT ANGLE LINE Having created the construction lines, we have generated the intersection points at which the 45° construction lines need to be struck through.

(i) Select the Line icon (ii) Make sure the Point environment is selected

(iii) Make sure the Intersection Point icon is selected (iv) Select the reference point - Select (P1) (v) Select the reference element - Select the reference line (L1)

NOTE! An arrow will be displayed at the point you select the reference element. Confirm the reference element direction with a “Right Hand Mouse Click”

(vi) Insert the angle - 45° NOTE: With most CAD systems, the angles are calculated with 3 O’clock being zero and positive degrees are in the anti-clockwise direction. Within the VISI-Series applications the selected line or axis becomes zero degrees and the SPACEBAR can be used to toggle the resultant line between plus or minus angles. WIREFRAME – SEGMENT/LINE – ELEMENT ANGLE LINE Having created the construction lines we have generated the intersection points at where the 45° construction lines need to be struck.

(i) Select the Line icon (ii) Make sure the Point environment is selected

(iii) Make sure the Intersection Point icon is selected



(iv) Select the reference point - Select (P2) (v) Select the reference element - Select the reference line (L1) (vi) Confirm the Reference element direction - Right Mouse Click (vii) Insert the angle 45°

SPACEBAR to toggle the result

P2

Construction Line - L1

When we created the outside shape for the component, we created a segment between each intersection point. It is also possible to use the EDIT – BREAK DIRECT function to break a construction line and automatically create a segment. In this case, select the construction line to break where the segment needs to be created. A segment will be automatically generated between the first two intersection points. The spacebar can be used to toggle the result.



EDIT – BREAK DIRECT (i) Select the element to break - Select Construction Line (C1) Where indicated Select the construction line to break in-between the two intersection points from which the segment will be created. (ii) Select the element to break - Select Construction Line (C2) Where indicated (iii) Select the element to break - Select Construction Line (C3) Where indicated

C1 C2

C3

The result of the “Break Direct” should be as shown.

Segment 2

Segment 1

Segment 3



WIREFRAME – CIRCLE/ARC – FILLET Using this command we can add a fillet to the 2D geometry and automatically trim the relevant segments.

Within the ‘Fillet’ command it is also possible using the ‘Retain Element’ check boxes to force the system not to automatically trim the geometry.

(i) Select the first element - Select ‘Segment 1’ Select the second element - Select ‘Segment 2’ (ii) Select the first element - Select ‘Segment 2’ Select the second element - Select ‘Segment 3’ (iii) Select the first element - Select ‘Segment 3’ Select the second element - Select ‘Segment 1’ NOTE:

It is also possible when adding a fillet or chamfer to select only the intersection point rather than the two intersecting elements.


A1

A2

A3


WIREFRAME – CIRCLE/ARC – CENTRE RADIUS Using this command we can add the circular holes to the inside of the triangular slot.

(i) Ensure the ‘Circle Centre’ icon is selected (ii) Select the centre point - Select Arc (A1) (iii) Enter the Radius value 5mm (iv) Repeat for centre point position 2 and position 3 - (A2) & (A3)

ANNOTATION – CROSS We can use this command to automatically create the ‘centre line cross’ at the centre of any arc or circle within the drawing. By default the system will select both arcs and circles as they are both enabled within the left hand icon set. (i) Switch OFF the arc selection from the left hand icon set


Default Settings Both arcs and

circles selected

Switch OFF the arc selection


(ii) Use the ‘Select all’ window filter to select all circles within the 2D drawing.

(iii) Select the cross angle 0

STAGE 3: CREATE THE INNER T-SLOT DETAIL


Select All

Segment 1

Construction Line - C1


WIREFRAME – SEGMENT/LINE – PARALLEL Now we have created the triangular form we can continue to create the ‘T slot’ holes.

(i) Select the Line icon (ii) Select the reference line - Select ‘Segment 1’ (iii) Select the distance 50mm (position below - SPACEBAR) WIREFRAME – SEGMENT/LINE – PARALLEL

(i) Select the Line icon (ii) Select the reference line - Select ‘Construction Line 1’ (C1) (iii) Select the distance 15mm (position right - SPACEBAR) WIREFRAME – SEGMENT/LINE – PARALLEL

(i) Select the Line icon (ii) Select the reference line - Select ‘Construction Line 1’ (C1) (iii) Select the distance 15mm (position left)




(i) Select the Line icon (ii) Select the reference line - Select ‘Construction Line 2’ (C2) (iii) Select the distance 30mm (position above)


Construction line 2 – (C2)


Using the construction lines we have created the centre positions for the 5mm radius circles.

WIREFRAME – CIRCLE/ARC – CENTRE RADIUS

(i) Make sure the ‘Intersection Point’ icon is selected (ii) Select the centre point - Select Centre Point 1 (P1) (iii) Enter the Radius value 5mm (iv) Repeat for centre point position 2 and position 3 - (P2) & (P3)



WIREFRAME – SEGMENT/LINE – ELEMENT ELEMENT

(i) Select the Segment icon (ii) Make sure the Element environment is selected (iii) Select the first element - Select Circle 1 (top) (iv) Select the second element - Select Circle 2 (top) NOTE : The selection point of the circle is very important. The segment being created will be struck tangent from the circle at the closest point to the selection position. In all cases the SPACEBAR can be used to toggle the result Example : If both circles are selected close to the top this will be the result If one circle is selected close to the top and the other close to the bottom this will be the result WIREFRAME – SEGMENT/LINE – ELEMENT ELEMENT

(i) Select the Segment icon (ii) Make sure the Element environment is selected (iii) Select the first element - Select Circle 1 (bottom) (iv) Select the second element - Select Circle 2 (bottom)



WIREFRAME – SEGMENT/LINE – ELEMENT ELEMENT

(i) Select the Segment icon (ii) Make sure the Element environment is selected (iii) Select the first element - Select Circle 3 (Left hand side) (iv) Select the second element - Select Segment 1 WIREFRAME – SEGMENT/LINE – ELEMENT ELEMENT

(i) Select the Segment icon (ii) Make sure the Element environment is selected (iii) Select the first element - Select Circle 3 (Right hand side)


(iv) Select the second element - Select Segment 1


WIREFRAME – SEGMENT/LINE – DELETE ALL LINES Using this command we will delete all the construction lines used in the creation of the T-slot.


Segment - (S1)

Circle - (C1) Circle - (C2)

Circle - (C3)


EDIT – BREAK DIRECT (i) Select the element to break - Select Circle 1 (C1) Where indicated (ii) Select the element to break - Select Circle 2 (C2) Where indicated (iii) Select the element to break - Select Circle 3 (C3) Where indicated (iv) Select the element to break - Select Segment 1 (S1) Where indicated



EDIT – TRANSLATION As the T-slot forms are exactly the same we can create a copy of the T-slot already created without having to reconstruct each T-slot form.

(i) Select the ‘multiple copy’ icon – Number of copies 2

(ii) Select the elements to copy - Create a selection window by simply moving your curser to the window start point and with your LHM

button pressed down drag a selection box around the element to copy. Finish the selection by releasing the mouse button.

(iv) Select the reference point for translation - Select the ‘Incremental Translation’ icon

Elements to COPY

Multiple copy

Incrementele translatie

Window Start Point

Release Mouse Button to make window selection



S1 WIREFRAME – SEGMENT/LINE – PARALLEL

(i) Select the Line icon (ii) Select the reference line - Select ‘Segment Line 1’ (S1) (iii) Select the distance 60mm (position below) Reference point for

mirror operation



EDIT – MIRROR With the 3 T-slot forms created we can use the ‘Mirror’ command without having to reconstruct the T-slot shape. Again, as we are making a copy it is important to have the ‘Copy’ icon switched ON.

(i) Select the elements to mirror - Using a selection window, select all the

elements that create the 3 T-slot forms

(ii) Select the reference point - Select the ‘Intersection Point’ icon (iii) Select the mirroring axis - Select the X axis icon (iv) Confirm the resulting mirror - RHM click to accept the results of the mirroring


Copy icon


STAGE 4: CREATE THE SET OF HOLES When there are a number of elements equally positioned, we can create a matrix grid and apply a set of elements to that grid. The entire grid can then be treated as a group of elements. This functionality is often used with drilling cycles. WIREFRAME – SET OF POINTS – MATRIX (i) Select the application point - Using the ‘Cartesian Co-ordinate’ icon select the application point X-80, Y25, Z0

Insert the Point Coordinates

(ii) Define the Matrix parameters

No. of base points 4 Distance between points 20 Base angle 0 No. of vertical points 3 Distance between points 20 Vertical angle 90



As the hole detail has already been created inside the triangular slot, we can use the same hole geometry, and copy it onto the set of points WIREFRAME – SET OF POINTS – COPY ONTO SET (i) Select the set of points on which to copy - Select the set previously created (ii) Select the elements to copy - Select the geometry of one hole ( Circle & Circle centre cross ) NOTE : If selecting more than one entity, it is possible to both select the geometry using a window or selecting the ‘Block control’ icon and selecting manually the elements to copy. It is also possible to keep the <CTRL> key depressed when manually selecting elements. This will work in exactly the same way as the ‘Block control’ icon.


Set of points


(iii) Select the application point - This will be the point at which the geometry being

copied will be positioned on the set.

(iv) Make sure the ‘Circle Centre’ icon is selected (v) Select the centre point - Select Centre Point 1 (P1)



STAGE 5: ANNOTATE THE DRAWING When trying to annotate a drawing there are many methods possible to show each dimension. Following is an explanation of each dimension type :

1) Single Element : This linear dimension can be defined parallel to the X axes, to the Y axes, or to the direction of a reference element joining the two reference POINTS or ELEMENTS 2) Angular Dimension : This command creates an angular dimension between two segments or lines or between a segment/line and an axis reference. 3) Datum Dimension : Generates a series of linear dimensions referenced from a common datum position and separated from each other by a user-defined distance (pitch). 4) Aligned Dimension : Generates a series of aligned spatial linear dimensions. The first dimension is generated as though it where a linear spatial dimension parallel to a line, segment or an axis. Subsequent dimensions are generated automatically by selecting one point. Each dimension will be physically aligned with the first. 5) Ordinate Aligned : Generates a series of aligned spatial linear dimensions. The first dimension is generated as though it where a linear spatial dimension parallel to a line. Subsequent dimensions are generated so that each dimension is physically aligned with the first. Each dimension generated is a continuation of the last but with the same origin coincident with the first selected point and positioned on the same axis 6) Ordinate Positional :



Generates a series of linear dimensions referenced from a same origin and separated from each other, along a reference direction by a defined distance (pitch). 7) Diameter in Section : Lets you include radial/diameter dimensions on sectional or side views of a part. It is commonly used, for example, in the dimensioning of turned parts. 8) Arc Length Dimension : Creates the dimension for the length on an arc. The dimension can be represented in two different ways: The first shows the length of the selected arc, the second shows the width of the arc. 9) Edit Dimension : Allows you to modify and/or move one or more dimensions or text leaders that have previously been created. 10) Local Dimension Parameter: Allows the setting of default dimension parameters within this workfile only. 11) Text : Allows you to enter a text note onto the drawing. 12) Edit text : Allows you to modify an existing text note. 13) Text Leaders : Allows you to create a 2 (up to 4) point text leader. 14) Text Balloon : Allows you to create a 2 (up to 4) point text balloon. 15) Quick hatch : Allows quick cross hatching within a closed boundary. 16) Extended Circle: Allows you to create a hole chart table 17) Circle Dimension : Allows you to create a series of XY positions around any circle or arc



18) Point Dimension : Allows you to create a series of XYZ text box’s from a relative point 19) Extended Baloons Dimension : Allows you to create a point chart relative to balloon positions

ANNOTATION – SINGLE ELEMENT The dimensioning works using the ‘Points environment’ and the ‘Element environment’ for selection. If the ‘Points environment’ is active a dimension can be struck from two points. If the ‘Element environment’ is active only the single element needs to be selected to obtain the dimension. (i) Make sure the Point environment is selected

(ii) Make sure the ‘Intersection Point’ icon is selected (iii) Select the first intersection point - Select point 1 (P1) (iv) Select the second intersection point - Select point 1 (P2)


Point - (P1) Point - (P2)


As the two selected points are not orthogonal the dimension will be automatically set to be ‘direct’. Using the icons available on the left hand side of the graphical area, select the ‘Horizontal Dimension’ icon.


Segment S1

Segment S2

Horizontal Dimension


ANNOTATION – ANGULAR DIMENSION The dimension type works using the ‘Element environment’ for selection. (i) Select the first reference element - Select segment 1 (S1) (ii) Select the second reference element - Select segment 2 (S2) (iii) Moving the mouse into the different angle quadrants will produce a different result.

Select the one required.


Fillet 1 – (F1)


ANNOTATION – SINGLE ELEMENT (i) Make sure the Element environment is selected (ii) Select the element - Select ‘Fillet 1’ (F1)

Using what we have learned try to fully dimension the drawing in a similar fashion to the original specification (Page 8).



Here are some examples for you to work through. Please add the dimensions as shown on the drawings.

Example 1

2D Clip

Using what we have learnt try to create this simple clip. This drawing will be required later within the VISI-Modelling training course. Save the file using: - FILE – SAVE AS… then change “Save as type” to VISI Symbols (*.sym)

Symbols would normally be stored in the <Install Point>\Cad\Symbolf folder.

Ask your tutor to explain about “Symbols”



Example 2



Example 3



Example 4



Example 5



Example 6



V16

Component Modelling Using Solid Primitives

VISI Modelling –Primitive

Pre requisite To complete this tutorial the user must have a general understanding of the VISI interface and system operation, and must also have completed the 2D Drafting Tutorial and exercises.

Objectives The purpose behind this exercise is to use VISI Modelling to construct a basic component part by creating and manipulating the Standard Primitive Solids. The tutorial will introduce the basics of creating different types of primitives, how to combine them to create more advanced solids and how to use some of the solid editing tools to further enhance the solid forms.

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The part that will be created is shown below.


PRIMITIVE MODELLING EXAMPLE 1

STEP 1: Create the base cuboid. Solid – Forms - Cuboid Specifiy the cuboid dimensions:

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Insert the dimensions and click OK.

Resulting cuboid.

Centre of Rectangle

Insert point coordinates

Select the OK button.

Cuboid

Dialogue Box data Input


STEP 2: Make a second cuboid to define the vertical section. Solid – Forms - Cuboid Define the cuboid dimensions:

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Cuboid

Bottom left corner

Create with Subtraction.

Select “Intersection Point” here.


Intersection point

Dialogue box data input


STEP 3: Make the third cuboid. Solid – Forms - Cuboid

Define the cuboid dimensions

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Cuboid

Bottom left corner

Intersection point

Select “Intersection Point” here.



STEP 4: Blend the edges of the third cuboid. Operation - Blends Insert the blend parameters as shown below and click OK.

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Blends Select Single Edge

Block control for multiple selection.

Select these 2 vertical edges.


STEP 5: Unite the three solids together. Operation - Unite

STEP 6 : Make the strengthening web using another Cuboid. Solid - Forms - Cuboid

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Select the edge on the solid as shown here

Select the base cuboid as the Target body

Parametric point on segment/arc

Click “Select All” to unite the 2 other remaining solids to the target body.

Unite

Cuboid

Bottom left corner

Create with Unite


Define the cuboid dimensions.

STEP 7: Create a Chamfer Operation – Chamfer

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Select the option “Distance” and insert the distance “19” as shown.

Chamfer

Select single edge


Select the horizontal edge on the new cuboid as shown here.


Input the Chamfer parameters as shown opposite and then click ‘OK’

STEP 8: Make a rectangular slot in the base block. Solid - Forms - Cuboid

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Bottom left corner

Create with Subtraction

Parametric point on segment/arc Select the option “Distance”

and insert the distance of 15mm

Cuboid


Input the dimensions for the cuboid.

STEP 9 Blend the 2 vertical edges of the slot cuboid. Operation - Blends

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Input the dimensions and click OK.

Blends

Select the 2 vertical edges.

Select the option “Distance” and insert the distance of 15mm


Select Single Edge



Insert the Blend parameters as shown below and then select ‘OK’.

STEP 10: Create a cylinder on the top of the main body. Solid – Forms - Cylinder


Cylinder Select the circular edge of the solid as shown.

Centre of a circle/arc

Create with Unite


Define the cylinder properties.

STEP 11: Create the round hole through the cylindrical feature. Solid – Forms - Cylinder


Resulting cylinder

Input the radius and height and select OK.

Cylinder

Select the circular edge of the solid as shown.


Centre of a circle/arc

Create with Subtraction


Input the parameters for the cylinder:

STEP 12 : Blend some of the edges on the solid model. Operation - Blends


Input the values and select OK.

Resulting cylinder.

Select Single Edge


Select this edge



Insert the Blend radius value As shown and then click OK.

Insert the blend parameters as shown below. Pick the edges as shown opposite.




Select this edge.

Select these 2 edges.

Select this edge and the one on the opposite side.


• In this case select the option “Propagate over tangent edges” which will enable the blend rad to flow along all the tangent edges between the web and main body.

The Result are shown below.

STEP 13 : Find the volume of the solid body. ? - Query

• Select the solid body.

• Select “YES” at the following dialogue box.


Query

Solid properties


Here you can evaluate various properties of the solid model (external area, volume, centre of gravity, minimum convex radius, minimum concave radius)

That completes the step by step example no.1


Volume (cubic mm)


PRIMITIVE MODELLING EXAMPLE 2



STAGE 1 : Start by creating a solid Cuboid to act as a starting base for the component. Now enter the cube sizes

STAGE 2 Add a Cylinder to the underside of the Cuboid base


Pick Cuboid

Pick Centre Placement

Use Value shown

Pick Dialogue Box Input

Enter Cube Parameters

The finished Cuboid

Pick Cylinder

Use Co-ordinate Input

Use the values shown


Define the size of the Cylinder 2.1 Add the cylinder and Cuboid together to make one solid body Operation > Unite [Pick the Cuboid] [Pick the Cylinder]

STAGE 3 Create a Slot running through the cylinder from front to back.



Enter the Cylinder Parameters

The finished cylinder primitive

Body to unite

Target Body

Pick Cuboid

Pick Central Positioning

Locate the Cuboid at the Centre of Circle

Pick Centre of this Circle as Shown


Define the Cuboid parameters and make it automatically cut away from the cylinder. You will see the Slot appear automatically

STAGE 4 Create the first of the 2 locating lugs on the top of the Cuboid base primitive



Pick Create with Subtraction

Define the Cube sizes

New slot position subtracted automatically

Pick Cuboid

Pick bottom left corner positioning

Use co-ordinate input and use the parameters shown


Define the size of the Cube The resulting Cube primitive is shown below 4.1) Adding the Hole into the newly created Cube To create a hole in the correct direction the ‘select direction icon’ will have to be activated to choose the Y orientation. Now create the cylinder for the hole feature


Pick dialogue box input

Enter the Cube dimensions

Newly created Cube which will form the first lug

Note :- This Cube is not yet joined to the rest of the solid body

Pick Cylinder

Use Co-ordinate Input

Use Automatic Subtraction

Use Co-ordinates shown

Use Select Direction icon


After inserting the co-ordinates you must now select the ‘Y axis’ icon. Define the parameters for the Cylinder


Click Dialogue Box input

Newly created Hole Feature

Enter Cylinder Parameters

Select the Y axis icon to make sure the cylinder runs along the Y direction.

Reverse the direction of the Y axis, so that the arrow on screen is pointing along the negative Y direction.


4.1 Round the corners of the cuboid to finish the lug feature. Operation > Blends

Input the Blend value as shown

The finished Lug should look similar to the diagram below


Click Single Edge Blending

Use Block control to allow multiple edges to be picked

Pick these 2 edges

The Result of the 2 blended edges

Note :- The Lug is not joined to the rest of the solids yet so that an identical copy can be made


4.2 Create the second lug by creating an identical copy of the first. This can be done by simply Mirroring the original lug as a copy. Edit > Mirror Select the element to mirror – Select the lug You will now have a wire frame preview of the mirrored lug, simply select the right mouse button to confirm the mirror operation.


Click the Copy Icon

Make sure Mirror 2D is showing

Pick Coordinate input

Choose to Mirror with the X axis

The model should look like the diagram opposite with the mirrored copy of the lug


STAGE 5 Unite the 2 lug solids to the rest of the body Operation > Unite

STAGE 6 Add some extra thickness to the floor between the 2 lugs by simply moving the face upwards

Modelling > Move a face


Pick the base solid as the Target body

Then pick ‘Select All’ to join the remaining solids to the base

Pick Select by Face icon

Select the face between the two lugs


Input the distance value as shown

Floor has been raised by 2 mm

STAGE 7 Add the finishing touches to the model by adding some Blends to the sharp edges

Operation > Blends


Use Block control to enable multiple edges to be picked

Pick these 4 edges



Add the Blend Value as shown

NOTE ! Make Sure the Propagate over tangent edges is selected. This allows the blend to follow around any connected tangent edges

The result of the Blends. Note how the Blends follow around the tangent edges

Add a Blend to the joining edge of the main Cylinder and the Base Cube


Pick this edge to add Blend

Add the Blend Value as shown


The applied 3mm Blend


STAGE 8 Add 4 chamfers to each of the 4 edges of the holes Operation > Chamfer

Insert the Chamfer Parameters That completes the step by step example no.2


Pick Single Edge Selection

Use Block Control

Edges 3 and 4

Edges 1 and 2

The final solid with the Chamfers applied


ADDITIONAL TASKS To demonstrate that you have understood the basic principles of Primitive Solid modelling try to create the following components using primitive modelling techniques.

Exercise 1



Exercise 2 Ask the tutor to explain ‘Feature Manager’



Exercise 3



How and why to use profiles in Visi Modelling

VISI Modelling – Profile

Pre requisite To attempt this course it is required that you have completed the 2D Drafting tutorial and exercises and have successfully finished the Basic Modelling guide. Objectives It soon becomes apparent that modelling with primitives can only be useful for creating very basic and simple shapes. To create irregular and more complex solid shapes is not practical with basic solid forms. To overcome this problem it is more suitable to create and use Profiles. In their commonest forms Profiles come in 2 distinct types, Closed profiles and Open Profiles. In this tutorial both types will be demonstrated to show how they can be applied to creating more complex solid and surface geometry. To do this you will need to draw the following 2D geometry: -

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Closed Profile Example

Drawing Tip: - It only requires 3 commands to create this contour: -

1. Circle/Arc-Centre Radius

2. Circle/Arc-Element Element Radius

3. Break direct


STAGE 1 Draw the 2D elements on previous page Closed Profiles by definition are a continuous chain of 2D elements where the chain forms a closed loop. As a rule, the elements that form the closed loop must all touch at their endpoints. If you consider the geometry you have drawn, this type of shape would be very impractical to create using basic solid primitives. How do you create a solid from these 2D elements?

Extruding Profiles as Solids Extruding Profiles into Solids is one of the most convenient ways of creating irregular solid forms. To begin with, the 2D elements need to be made into a Profile. From the Left hand screen menu, icons can be selected to vary the way in which the profile is created.

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Click on Closed Profile

Click on an element to begin Profile Creation. The arrow indicates the chaining direction of the profile.

Erases original 2D elements.

Inverts blends on a profile

Automatically chains the elements

Changes the Tolerance of the allowable gap between connecting elements

Create blends on sharp corners of a profile

Undo the last selected element in the profile


Automatically chain the elements and erase underlying geometry The 2D elements should now have been erased and the display should show a YELLOW profile. Now Extrude the Profile into a solid .

Modelling > Extrude elements

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Erase original 2D elements. Pick first

Automatically chain the elements

At the prompt select ‘Yes’

Extrude in the Z Direction

Arrow Indicates Extrusion direction

Extrude the Profile with the Parameters shown


The resulting solid should look like the diagram opposite. As you can see, this type of solid would be virtually impossible using primitives alone. STAGE 2 Extra uses for Profiles with solids Now that a solid has been created, a Profile can be directly extracted from a Face of a solid. For this example use the solid you have just created. Create profile from a soild face. A profile will now be created on this top face.

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Profile From Face

Pick top face of solid

Use the parameters as shown.


Now offset this profile inwards to create another new Profile. Use the 2mm Offset Profile to create a pocket into the Solid.

Operation > Pocket From Profile

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Offset Profile

Arrow indicates direction of offset, use space bar to toggle direction

Input the Parameters shown

The display shows the offset profile

1) Pick the solid

2) Pick the Offset Profile


Enter the parameters for the Pocket The resulting solid should resemble the display below. It can be seen from the previous exercises that Profiles can create many possibilities for more complex solid forms. However profiles are not just limited to extrusions. They can be revolved to create other solid forms, as the next exercise will demonstrate.

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Enter the height parameter as shown. As long as the profile lies on the solid face a positive height value will always pocket into a solid regardless of axis direction


STAGE 3 Swinging a Closed Profile Consider the 2D profile you created in the first example and position it as shown in the diagram below (i.e. Translate it 200mm in ‘Y’). Now Revolve this Profile around the Axis shown

Modelling > Swing > Swing Elements Pick the the Closed Profile shape

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Pick Co Ordinate input

Check the work plane button and use the values shown.

Pick the X axis for the axis of revolution

Pick the Closed Profile shape and position it 200mm from the origin axis

Origin Axis


Enter the angle that the profile will be swung through.

The resulting display should resemble the diagram below. It can be seen that, using a combination of Extrusion and Swing, Closed Profiles can result in numerous solid forms. These combined with Solid Primitives enable many different Solid models to be constructed. But what happens in the case of an Open Profile ?

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Use the Parameters shown


STAGE 4 Creating Open Profiles Open Profiles by definition are a continuous chain of 2D elements where the first and last elements in the chain are not coincident. As a rule the elements that form the chain must all touch at their endpoints except the first and last element endpoints. Construct the 2D elements in the drawing shown below. There is no need to add the dimensions. Construct an Open Profile from this set of 2D elements

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Pick Open profile

1) Pick Start Element

2) Pick End Element


Choose to erase the existing 2D elements and Automatically chain the geometry. The open set of 2D elements should have now been replaced by a YELLOW Open Profile. Things To Try 1) Try extruding the the Open Profile in exactly the same way as you did in the Closed

Profile exercise. How does it differ from the Closed Profile result ? 2) Swing the Open Profile around the default X axis. No profile repositioning is

required. Swing the Profile through 360 degrees and take note of the obtained result. How would you make a Solid body from the result ?

3) Use Edit > Dissolve Aggregates on the yellow profile to turn it back into segments

and arcs. Now extrude all the segments and arcs the same as you did in 1) above. How does the result differ from those obtained at 1) above ?

Now you have explored some of the possibilities with Open and Closed Profiles, try the following unassisted exercises which will require profile creation to successfully complete the models.


Erase original 2D elements. Pick first

Automatically chain the elements

Click yes to confirm the Profile


EXERCISE 1 Create this component using a combination of swing and extruded profiles along with primitives.



EXERCISE 2 Create this component using a combination extruded profiles along with primitives



EXERCISE 3 Create this component using extruded profiles along with primitives



VISI Modelling Layers

VISI Modelling – Layers

Introduction Layers are an important part of the software and are used extensively throughout the day to day running of the software. Layers allow us to group together many items (geometry, solid, surfaces etc) and put them onto different layers to make the viewing of the data much easier. Layers can be either visible or not, and this will make working with both small and large files much easier to understand.

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Open the file ‘Layer Management.wkf’

On the file just opened there are many different elements, dimensions, solids and surfaces and also many different colors of elements. At present all elements are on one layer and only one layer is present.

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1. Change Attribute – This allows the user to change the properties of one or more selected entities. This can include: - layer, color, line style and transparency value

2. Set Drawing Filters – Here is where layers or elements can be made visible or hidden. Layers can be either visible or not. Elements (by type) can also be turned on or off using this icon.

3. Select Visible Entities – Using this icon allows the local selection of items regardless of their layer status.

4. Switch Visibility – This is where the un-blanked elements are toggled back on, allowing all the elements to be visible again.

5. Flip Visibility – We use this icon to flip between the visible and non-visible elements that have been selected using the ‘Blank Entities’ command.

6. Add/Delete Blank Entities – This allows the user to either add or remove elements from the current selection of elements being blanked.

7. Add to Visible Entities – Allows you to add entities that are not visible when using

the “Select Visible Entities” option.

8. Remove from Visible Entities – Allows you to remove selected visible entities and remove them from a Visible Entities selection.

We are concerned with numbers 1 and 2 in this exercise but your instructor will explain the blanking options after the layer management exercise has been completed.

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8


Select ‘Set Drawing Filters’ from the toolbar. The screen will now split and the following set of options will appear on the right hand side of the screen. The default is to have 2 layers and is set externally in the ‘visi.cfg’ file. We can create a series of layers and save them into the ‘visi.cfg’ file, then, every time the system is opened or a new file is created these layers will be present. We will create more layers here but will not add them to the default ‘visi.cfg’ file. There are 2 modes of working with layers. An “EDIT” mode and a “VISIBLE MODE” The icons below are explained on the following page and some will become “active” or “in-active” depending upon which mode we are presently using.

See the next page for a description of the above icons

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1. Visible/Edit Mode – This is the icon that toggles the 2 methods on working when in the layer management. The Visible mode is used for selecting the visibility of items on the screen and will dynamically toggle on or off the selected layers. The Edit mode allows the editing of layer names without affecting their visibility.

2. Zoom Mode – With this icon turned on, an automatic ‘Fit to Screen’ will be done

every time a layer is made either visible or hidden. With the icon off, the ‘Fit to Screen’ is not done.

3. Set Current Layer by Element – This icon allows the user to select an element

from the screen and the current working layer will then be the same as the layer of the selected item from the screen.

4. Set Active Layers by Element – This icon allows the user to select an element(s)

from the screen and the selected item(s) will then set which layers are visible (Not available in Edit Mode).

5. Set/Reset Layers – Use this icon to switch all the items in the layers tree on/off.

6. Invert Selection – Inverts your current selection of layers

7. Undo Selection – Allows the single last layer selection to be undone.

8. Create or Edit a Group – This drop down icon allows a group of layers to be

created, edited and/or add or remove layers within the group. 9. Filter by Group – This icon allows the user to filter the display of layer names by

group. Only layers in the selected group will be seen in the layer list

10. Purge – The purge icon is used to delete all redundant layers and groups. Layers will only be deleted if there are no elements present on the layer and it is not the working layer. Groups will only be created if no layers are present in the group.

The Green arrow shows which layer is the “Current Working Layer”

The Lock icon shows if the layer is “locked” or “unlocked

The Green Tick icon shows that the layer contains geometry.

The i icon signifies that the layer has had a comment added.

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NOTE! Once a layer is locked, any of the elements on that layer cannot be edited in any way until the layer is un-locked. A layer comment can be added by double clicking in the last column of the layers panel

Double click in this column to add a layer comment.

Click the left mouse button in the Layer Name field on layer number 2 and type in Solids. Repeat this on the next layer and enter the following layer names Surfaces Profiles Dimensions At present we have only created the layers and no elements have yet been placed on those layers.

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Select the “Create Group” icon and enter “3D Data” as the name of the group.

From the list of layers, highlight the “Solids” and “Surfaces” layers. Individual or groups of layers can be highlighted using the standard windows selection methods. (CTRL key, SHIFT key and window selection using the mouse)

Select “OK” Repeat the exercise and create a group called “2D Data”, using the following layers LAYER1 Profiles Dimensions

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If we wanted the layers to be saved to the visi.cfg file (which would make those layers and groups available every time we open or create a new file), we would use the ‘Save default’ icon shown below (this icon is found on the combinations tab which can be seen at the bottom of the layers panel). Now go back to the Layer Tab and ensure that ONLY LAYER1 is highlighted then close the layer dialogue panel by selecting the “X” in the corner of the panel Select the ‘Change Attribute’ icon Use the filters to select all the dimensions only.

Select the “Select all” icon We are now presented with the change attribute dialogue box

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In this case, we won’t save any layers into the cfg


This allows the user to change the properties of the selected items. For this exercise highlight the layer ‘Dimension’ and select ‘OK’ We have now placed all the dimensions on a layer called ‘Dimensions’ and the dimensions will disappear from the screen Repeat the above procedure for the following items: - All ‘Profiles’ to be on the layer called ‘Profiles’ All ‘Solids’ to be on the layer called ‘Solids’ All ‘Surfaces’ to be on the layer called ‘Surfaces’ All the elements have now been placed on their respective layers. Any items that have not been selected will be left on ‘Layer1’ We can now switch on or off the items we have placed on different layers.

Select the ‘Set Drawing Filter’ icon The following dialogue box will appear. When all the layers are highlighted, all the layers are visible on the screen. Select only the ‘Dimension’ layer. You will notice that only the dimensions are now visible on the screen. Individual or groups of layers can be highlighted using the standard windows selection methods. (CTRL key, SHIFT key and window selection using the mouse) The ‘Set-Reset layer’ icon is a global ‘visible/hidden’ switch for the layers. Using the tabs at the bottom of this dialogue box we can also be selective of how we view items regardless of whether or not they are placed on a layer and, we can switch them on or off in a ‘GLOBAL’ manner.

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Try using some of the flags to switch on and off the items on your model, both by layers and element type. By DEFAULT, when we create items they are automatically placed on the ‘Current working layer’. We can set the ‘Current working layer’ in the following manner. Use either mouse button on the layer area of the taskbar as shown below.



This will bring up the ‘Layers’ dialogue panel

Click the ‘Solids’ layer in the column with the green arrow

The taskbar will now show the name ‘Solids’ and is now set as the current working layer. This means that all new geometry created will be on the layer called Solids. Re-set the current working layer back to “Layer 1” Create the following layers: -


Click in this column to make that layer

the current drawing layer

The two buttons at the top of the Layer name and Layer number columns, control the order that the layers are displayed in. The layers can be sorted either numerically or alphabetically in either increasing or decreasing range. Try clicking two or three times on both buttons.


Layer Number 50 = Empty layer Layer Number 100 = Temp Now we have layers that are not visible in the current tree it may become necessary to filter out some of the layers. By default there are 256 layers that are user definable. The layers can be filtered out in the following ways: - Select the “Combination” tab and you will notice that all the “Grid Filters” are active. The grid filters are used to filter out the layers that will be visible in the “Layer” tab. Switch on only the following grid filter: - Click here to sort

by layer name From the “Layer” tab all you should see now is the following: - This mean that all we want to see in our layer list are the named layers ordered alphabetically Try the following “Grid Filters” and see the results: -



The value here allows the user to set the maximum number of

layers they would like to have available.

This concludes the Layer Management exercise.



VISI Workplanes course

VISI Modelling – Workplanes

Introduction Workplanes are an important part of the VISI-Series software. They are used for the creation of geometry and to align or re-align the model to make working with the model easier for the user. Workplanes are used for both the modeling and machining of components. Imported models are often imported where the origin (workplane) is not at the correct position for future modifications or machining and we need to move the origin (workplane) to one that is more suitable for the job in hand. Workplanes need to be moved and created for machining purposes for both 3-axis, 4-axes and 5-axis positional work. When a new workplane is created and then used for machining, all program origin information is taken from this new workplane. NOTE!

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All commands related to workplanes are fixed and the UNDO option is not available when the workplane commands have been executed.


Open the File Workplanes.wkf If you notice on this model when we use the command ‘Include All’ we cannot see the absolute workplane. Create a circle of any size around the absolute workplane.

Wireframe > Circle/Arc > Center Radius

Now use the command ‘Include All’

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You will now be able to see the absolute workplane and this is where the model has originally been created. We will now go through the process of creating and moving workplanes

The Workplanes toolbar.

1. Select Workplane – This allows the selection of a saved workplane and displays the set workplane dialogue box.

2. Workplane by 3 points – Allows the creation of a workplane via 3 points. The points are usually intersections on the model.

3. Workplane by face – This is used to create a workplane by selecting a face.

4. Translate current workplane – Creates a new workplane by translating the current workplane to a destination point.

5. Rotate current workplane – Creates a new workplane by rotating the current workplane around an axis.

6. Workplane by element – A new workplane is created by placing the Z-axis down the selected element.

7. Set workplane to origin – This is used to set the active workplane via on-screen selection. Select a previously saved workplane from the screen and that workplane becomes the active workplane.

8. Change workplane Z – Creates a new workplane by translating the current workplane a distance in Z.

9. Workplane by current view – Creates a new workplane based on the current view. The Z axis of the workplane will point directly towards the user’s eye. The workplane origin is at the center of the view.

10. Save current workplane – Allows the user to save the current workplane for future use. (If a workplane is not saved, it will be over-written by the next newly created workplane.

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There are a few more workplane options (on the System pull-down menu) such as, Delete workplane and Camara to the Workplane, but the most common functions are on the toolbar.

Select the ‘Workplane by Face’ icon Now select the face with the rectangular and circular trimmed holes.

You will now notice that the workplane has moved from the absolute position to this face.

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Select this surface


All new geometry will now be created from this new workplane and not from the absolute workplane unless we specifically define that condition. Select the ‘Workplane by 3 point’ icon This command works where we have to first select the point of intersection for all 3 axes, then a point for the positive direction of the X-axis and then a point for the positive direction of the Y-axis. Once 2 points are selected then the orientation of the Z-axis is automatically calculated. Select the ‘2 element intersection’ icon

Now pick the 2 edges of the bottom left hand corner of the trimmed surface with the rectangular trimming.

This will be the intersection of all 3 axes. Now select the ‘intersection’ icon

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Select these 2 edges


Pick a point along the bottom and side of the trimmed surface with the rectangular trimming. Select point ‘1’ and then point ‘2’

We have now re-created a new workplane using 3 point from the model

Now draw a line from one edge of the trimmed surface with the rectangular trimming to the other. We will use this edge to translate our workplane to.

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POINT ‘2’

POINT ‘1’

Create a line here


Select the ‘Translate current workplane’ icon Now select the ‘midpoint’ of the line that we previously created on the model. The workplane will now move to this new point. NOTE! Only a translation point is needed for this command. We do not have to use reference point and translation point.

Select the ‘Rotate current workplane’ icon We are now presented with the following dialogue box Enter the values 70, around the Y- axis

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We have now created and modified different workplanes in the most common situations but to use these workplanes to full effect we need to save them as we create them.

Select System > Save current workplane

Give the workplane a name. This will then save the current workplane and allow us to use and return to this workplane at a later stage if required. Each workplane has 3 default settings that we can use to orient that workplane: -

XY – Top XZ – Front YZ – Side

These options can be set quickly by clicking with the ‘Left Hand Mouse Button’ in the workplane option shown in the taskbar at the bottom of the VISI screen.

Use this option and see the workplane on the screen rotate to display different orientations.

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If we use the ‘Right Hand Mouse Button’ in this area the select workplane dialogue box will appear

The ‘select workplane’ dialogue box allows the use to select a previously saved workplane and also rotate around the XY – Top, XZ – Front, YZ – Side and also reverse the Z direction of the current or selected workplane.

One extra option with regards to workplanes that can be a useful addition to this feature is the command: -

Edit > Advanced Transformations > Current Wpl to new Wpl This command will allow the user to translate some of, or the entire model from the current workplane setting to another workplane setting. Select the option ‘Edit > Advanced Transformations > Current Wpl to new Wpl’ Select all the elements of the model using the ‘Select All’ icon We now have to select the workplane to translate all the elements to. Select ‘Absolute’ and then ‘OK’

All the elements have now been moved onto the absolute workplane.

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VISI Intermediate Component Modelling

VISI Modelling – Intermediate

INTRODUCTION

Pre Requisites It is required that you have successfully completed the Basic Modelling course and the Surface Techniques tutorial.

Objectives This training guide will bring together several aspects of VISI modelling including 2D construction, Surface modelling, Solid’s modelling and geometry manipulation. The tutorial aims to give an insight into some of the techniques involved in modelling a component in three dimensions from only two dimensional paper drawings. The component to be modelled is shown in the drawing below for reference and will help clarify some of the instructions in the step-by-step tutorial.

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STEP 1 Create an 8-sided extruded polygon to form the lower part of the outer casing.

1.1 Create a Polygon Profile from the Profile toolbar. Enter the values for each of the polygon parameters As shown opposite. Select the Centre of Polygon icon from the left hand menu and snap the polygon onto the visible

1.2 Extrude the Profile into a 3D solid.

odelling > Extrude elements: Pick the Profile and Select the Z-axis

axis as shown below using Intersection Point

Note! ancel or press escape to

M

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Click Cquit from the Polygon input box.


Enter the extrusion parameters as shown below to create the solid.

TEP 2: - Create the domed top of the main exterior shell using a sphere.

.1 Create a New workplane by moving the current workplane in the Z-axis.

ystem > Change Workplane Z

ave the Workplane for future use.

ystem > Save Current Workplane

ive the workplane a logical name. A green origin n

S 2 SInput the following value S S Gplane will appear indicating the Workplane has beesaved.

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2.2 Create a Circle on the new Workplane.

Using Intersection Point snap to the current Axis

nter the Radius value in the input box.

he display should resemble the diagram below.

.3 Create a 3 Point Arc in the ZX plane to obtain a Radius value for the Sphere.

E T 2

Use Centre & Radius Circle

Circle Elem Elem Elem

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Make sure ARC Filter is selected from the left hand menu and that Point Co-ordinate input is selected. You should have an arc similar to that shown in the diagram below.

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ARC Filter

Point Co-ordinate

Using the co-ordinate input box enter the following values for each of the three points when prompted by the software.

Point 1 Point 2 Point 3

Arc shown in XZ plane


2.4 Create a Sphere from the newly created arc information. Visi Series has an inbuilt method whereby the value required for a particular operation can be ascertained from other suitable geometry. We will use this method to find the radius value for the sphere. First we need to ensure the sphere radius input box is highlighted: - Pick Length of Segment / Arc icon from the left hand menu Then pick on the arc to obtain the radius value. It should appear in the input box as shown below.

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Spher

Double Click or drag select with left hand button to achieve blue highlight.

Select centre of circle / arc point icon

Pick the arc


You should now have created a sphere of the same radius as the arc, which shares the same centre position.

2.5 Cut the sphere with a plane and remove the lower portion. Cut the sphere with a plane at the current Z zero position. Modelling > Cut Bodies: [Select the sphere solid]

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Select point co–ordinates and input co-ordinates as shown in the dialogue box.

Select Z-axis Ensure that the “Points Environment” Icon is selected.


2.6 Erase the lower portion of the sphere.

The result should resemble the picture below.

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Delete Elements Pick the lower part of sphere near an isoparametric line.

Note! A revolved solid, using Swing An Element could also have been used for this shape, but a primitive sphere creates a greatly simplified geometric surface.


STEP 3: - Connect the 2 solids together with angled walls.

3.1 Use drawing Element filters to temporarily disable the display of solids.

3.2 Split the circle into an arc of 45 degrees. Wireframe > Set of Points > Circular Start / Finish Pick co-ordinate input from the left hand menu to position the centre of the circular set of points. Enter the values as shown below

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Set Drawing Filters

Uncheck solid filter

Centre position Point parameters Actual point locations

The display should show only the 2d elements in the model.(Polygon,circle, arc.)

Pick the Element /Colour/Style tab


3.3 Break the circle with the two newly created points.

• Now turn back on the solids with the drawing filters as described in Step 3.1

(Window > View > Set Drawing Filters)

3.4 Create a connecting surface between the solid polygon and the newly created Arc. Create a ruled surface between the two elements.


Break by points

Pick the circle this side

Pick the two points using the Point’s filter

Points filter

The obtained result

Pick Linear Ruled Surface

Pick the top edge of the solid polygon as shown

For the first element selection ensure only the solids filter is selected


3.5 Copy the Ruled surface 7 times to create the remaining surfaces. Edit > Rotation Select the surface to be rotated.

Select the centre of rotation for the copies with the insert point coordinates icon. Enter the values as shown and select the OK button.


The resultant Ruled Surface

Pick Surface

Pick the 2D Arc using the Arc Filter so that the edge of the solid dome is not selected.

Select Insert the point coordinates icon


Select the axis of rotation by choosing the Z-axis Icon. Confirm the selection with a right hand mouse click.

Enter the values Shown into the dialog Box as shown.

The result of the 7 rotated copies.

3.6 Unite the eight separate surfaces and convert them into a solid. Operation > Unite: [Pick a target surface] [Pick the remaining 7 surfaces using Multi Select]

You should now have a knitted body comprising of eight ruled surfaces. This body is not a closed volume because it still has an open base and top face. The body must be converted into a solid. Because the open ends are planar, this can easily be done.


Pick Z-axis

Target

1

2

3

4

5 6

7

Ensure Block Control Icon is

selected


Operation > Close to Solid: [Pick the knitted ruled surfaces] You can use the ?(menu) > Status function to confirm you have three solids. 3.7 Use the same Unite command to join the 3 separate solid bodies together. Operation > Unite: [Pick a target solid]

Use the Select All Filter to unite the remaining 2 solid bodies.

You should now have successfully created a single solid body. STEP 4 : Add Blends onto sharp external edges. Operation > Blends: ‘Choose Single Edge Mode with Block Control’ Apply Blends to the following 8 edges.


We now have 3 separate solid bodies

3

2

1

3

2

Target Solid

Single Edge

Block

Pick these edges consecutively and the 7 remaining pairs of edges.

You can check if you have a single solid using the ? > Status drop down menu


Insert the Blend radius value.

4.1 Create a Blend around the top edge loop of the component. Operation > Blends: Choose icon ‘Select Edges of Face by Loop’ It is required to pick 2 edges of a face to activate a loop selection.


Insert the Blend Value

The result of the Blending Functions

Pick this edge second

Pick this edge first


4.2 Create a Blend around the lower remaining sharp edge. Operation > Blends: Choose icon ‘Single Edge’ Final result of all edge blending operations STEP 5: Give the component a wall thickness. Operation > Offset/Hollow Bodies: [Pick the Solid] Now select the icon near the top of the Hollow Bodies panel which allows you to ‘Select faces with none default offset’.


Pick this edge

Single Edge

When inserting the radius value, make sure ‘Propagate over tangent edges‘ is selected. This will allow the blend to loop all the way around the edges.

Select the Hollow method and input the following wall section value and parameters as displayed opposite.


Dynamically rotate the model and select the bottom face, and then activate the ‘pierced’ option in the panel that appears. Now click ‘M2’ twice to get back to the Offest/Hollow Bodies main panel then click preview and/or OK to perform the operation. STEP 6: Add a shoulder step into the sidewalls of the model Create an Offset Profile from the original 8-sided polygon profile.


The result of the hollow operation should look like this.

Select Profile Offset

Pick the original Profile.


Set the offset distance as shown below: -

Note! By selecting the preview button within the Profile Offset dialog box you will see if the offset profile is offset on the correct side of the original profile. If you need to change the offset direction simply select the Reverse Direction tick box.

6.1 Create the shoulder as a solid feature. Operation > Pocket from profile: [Pick the solid model] [Pick the inner profile] Input the height of the shoulder and the taper angle. STEP 7: Create Inner Ring Feature Firstly, activate the original Absolute Workplane by picking the Active workplane box in the bottom right hand portion of the screen. Use RH mouse button.


Inner Profile created

The result of the Pocket from Profile Operation

Active Workplane


Now that the Absolute Workplane is activated create an 8-sided Polygon Profile Place the polygon at the following position.


Select Absolute from the available list making sure XY Top is checked

Enter the values shown opposite making sure the Circumscribed button is checked.

Pick Centre of Polygon

Pick Point Co-ordinate input

Insert these co-ordinates. Make sure the workplane button is checked.

Polygon Profile


7.1 Offset the Profile to create an inner profile Input the offset distance. Ensure the Reverse direction tick box is selected.

7.2 Extrude the outer profile to create a solid polygon shape. Modelling > Extrude elements: [Pick the outer Polygon Profile]


Offset Profile

Pick the profile making sure that the new offset profile is created on the inside of the original

The obtained result.

Pick Outer Profile

Select Z axis

Enter the extrusion values

The extruded solid should appear through the top of the main body shell


7.3 Hollow the new extrusion to create the ring. Operation > Pocket from profile: [Pick the solid extrusion]

7.4 Trim the extruded ring back to the main shell body. Operation > Cavity: [Pick the extruded ring] [Pick the Shell Body] The extruded ring will have been separated into 2 pieces. Remove the upper portion.


2) Pick inner Profile

1) Pick the solid extrusion

Enter pocket parameters

Expected Result

1) Pick the ring as the target body

2) Pick the shell as the cavity body

Input Zero Cavity Offset

Pick Erase

Erase top section


7.5 Unite the ring and the shell body together to create one single solid. Operation > Unite: [Pick Shell Solid] [Pick Ring Solid] 7.6 Clean the model up by removing existing 2D elements. STEP 8: - Creation of Clip Features Setting up a new construction Workplane. System > Rotate Current WKP


Shell Solid

Ring Solid

Pick Erase Turn Off the Solids Filter

Pick Select All Elements

Rotate the current Workplane around the Z-axis at the specified value.


Switch the Workplane to the ‘Current YZ Side’ and change the viewing mode to REL(ative) to the current work plane. System > Save Current Workplane Save the new plane with a new name Make sure the new Workplane is activated and the view is relative. Set the View to look directly onto the new workplane Press F2 to set the view to ‘Top’


Left click twice to interactively activate the ‘Current YZ Side’ Workplane

Left click once to switch the view mode to RELative

Clip-plane XY Top should be active and View Relative switched on

Expected Orientation Of Plane

Expected View


STEP 9: - At this stage you can choose to construct the 2D Clip Feature from scratch using the drawing on the second page or use the previously created 2D symbol. This tutorial will explain how to use the symbol you created earlier. Load the symbol into the workspace and position it correctly. Annotation > Symbol > Load a Local Symbol [Open Clip2d.sym] Position the symbol using Point co-ordinate input.


The symbol will be attached to the cursor at this position.

Use the Point Co-ordinate input method.

Enter the following values making sure Work plane button is checked.

You will notice the 2D clip is slightly longer than the outer shell. This is so the clip will correctly intersect the shell as a solid form.

NOTE! The clip symbol was drawn twice-full size. You will need to scale it by 0.5 when you load it in. Use this icon


9.1: A symbol cannot be extruded directly. First, you need to dissolve it into segments, then chain it into a closed profile Edit > Dissolve Aggregates [Pick the 2D Clip Symbol] (The symbol is

converted into segments)

9.2: - Now create a closed profile from the segments ready for solid extrusion.

9.3: - Extrude the profile into a solid object. Modelling > Extrude elements: [Pick the Clip Profile]


Pick Closed Profile

Select the first element for the profile

Click Delete Original Geometry to replace original elements with the ProfileClick Automatic Profile to automatically chain the elements.

Confirm to create the Profile

Make sure Z axis is selected

Extrude the profile in both directions

The result of extruding the clip in both directions should look like this.


9.4 Add draft angles onto the faces of the solid clip. It is probably easier to add the draft onto the clip if the main body is hidden. Use the ‘Blank Entities’ function (on the Attributes/Filters toolbar) to hide everything except the clip. Ask the tutor if you are unsure about how ‘Blank Entities’ works. Modelling > Incline a face

Select the Axis direction to apply the draft.


Use Block Control to pick multiple faces

Use the select faces directly option. You will need to rotate the view around so you can pick all four faces.

Pick these 4 faces of the clip

Pick an application point for the faces to rotate about. Any of the four bottom corners will produce the desired result.

Select the Y-axis icon

Add a negative draft angle


Now use the ‘Blank Entities’ function to display the rest of the model again.

9.5 Adding a Blend to the back edge of the clip Operation > Blends Add the Blend Value


The effect of adding draft to the clip should look like this.

Pick Single Edge Blends Pick this edge

Blend Applied


9.6 Trim the clip back to the inside of the main body. Operation > Cavity: [Select the Solid Clip] [Select the Shell Body] Leave the cavity offset at zero

9.7 Delete the unwanted portion of the clip


1) Pick Clip as Target object

Pick Delete Elements

Remove the upper part of the clip

Pick the main model as the cavity body


9.8 Copy and rotate the Clip to three new positions Edit > Rotation Select the rotation centre point by inserting the point coordinates and enter the values shown below.


Pick the clip to be rotated

Pick Y-Rotation Axis

The result of the rotation with copy command.


9.9 Unite the 4 clips to the main body. Operation > Unite [Pick the main body solid] [Pick the 4 rib features] Using select all icon

10.0 Scale the part to allow for moulding shrinkage. Say 0.5% for ABS Edit > Scaling [Pick the Solid Component]


1) Pick main body solid as target body.

Pick the ribs X 4 To do this quickly use the Select All icon

Select All

Pick Point coordinate Input to specify the scaling position

Use Work plane origin for scaling centre


Add the Shrinkage value to complete the model. Congratulations you have just completed the Intermediate Modelling tutorial. Your model should look like the one below if you have successfully followed all the stages.


Hint. Use the ? > Status function to check if everything is OK. You should only have one solid. If you have two solids, ask the tutor to explain where you went wrong.


Version 16

VISI Surface Techniques

VISI Modelling – Surface

INTRODUCTION

Pre-requisite It is important that before you attempt the 3D surface training examples you must have completed and fully understood the previous VISI-Design and VISI-Modelling examples. The following example contains a VISI workfile broken into 15 sectors, each containing the geometry required for a specific surfacing function. Within this example we will look at all surfacing techniques.

From the menu select File> Open Select the file “Surface Explanation.wkf” and select open

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SOLID > PLANE FROM A CLOSED AREA This is a convenient method for generating a plane as a sheet body (solid with zero thickness) by picking the area within a closed perimeter of elements. Position the cursor anywhere within the closed area, the system automatically finds the closest perimeter and converts the area to a sheet solid surface. Using the ‘Point mode’ environment, select a free hand point inside the closed boundary

2

Point Environment

Set Grid Parameters

Sliding

Select a Point with the Mouse

Nearest

Insert the Point Coordinates Point in Polar Co-Ordinates

Intersection Point Two Element Intersection

Centre of a Circle / Arc Parametric Point on a Segment/Arc

Quadrant of a Circle Point Filter

Enhanced Picking Equidistant Point

Enable / Disable Element Filter Set / Cancel Filters


NOTE! For this function to work, all closed geometry must lie on the current workplane.

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SOLID > PLANE BY THREE POINTS This command creates a planar sheet body by giving three points. The first and second points define the horizontal length of the plane and the third point defines the vertical length. Using the ‘Point mode’ environment, select the 3 points within area 2

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[P1]

[P2]

[P3]

Mouse Point

Nearest

Point in Polar Coordinates

Centre of Circle/Arc

Point Filter

Equidistant Point

Set / Cancel Filters

Two Element Intersection

Insert Point Coordinates

Set Grid Parameters

Sliding

Parametric Point on a Segment /Arc

Intersection Point

Quadrant of a Circle

Enhanced Pick

Enable/Disable Element Filter



SOLID > RULED SURFACE > LINEAR RULED Creates a surface in space between two pre-defined curves, segments, arcs or profiles, by uniting all the points of each of the curves. The surface is created by linear interpolation between the same parameter positions along each of the two shape curves. Select the first shape curve - Select shape 1 Select the second shape curve - Select shape 2

SOLID > RULED SURFACE > CIRCULAR RULED FROM 2 EDGES This function creates a surface whose cross sections form a circular section. Pick the two drive curves that represent the edges of the surface, and then specify the start and end radii. The proposed radii are the minimum radii allowed. Select the first shape curve - Select shape 1 Select the second shape curve - Select shape 2 Use the SPACE BAR to determine on which side the surface will be created – Confirm using the right hand mouse button - <M2>

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Shape 1

Shape 2

Shape 2

Shape 1


SOLID > RULED SURFACE > CIRCULAR RULED FROM 3 EDGES This function creates a surface whose cross sections form a circular section. Pick the three drive curves through which each section must pass. Select the first shape curve - Select shape 1 Select the second shape curve - Select shape 2 Select the third shape curve - Select shape 3

SOLID > OTHER SURFACES > LOFTED SURFACE Generates a surface by linking together a series of sectional curves. Select the individual sectional elements on the same side. The sectional curves can be selected manually (one by one), or using a multiple selection (by picking the first and the last curve). NOTE! The orientation of the shape curves is not important for the creation of the surface. As the curves will be oriented depending on the end selected, all the curves should be selected towards the same end. Select an element - Select shape 1 Select an element - Select shape 2 Select an element - Select shape 3 Select an element - Select shape 4

Confirm using the right hand mouse button. <M2>

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Shape 1 Shape 2

Shape 3


SOLID > OTHER SUFACES > LOFTING IN 2 DIRECTIONS This function will produce a surface from a series of "horizontal" and "vertical" sectional curves. The use of the horizontal and vertical curves requires that these curves intersect. Select the horizontal curves, then confirm with right hand mouse button before selecting the vertical curves. NOTE! The orientation of the shape curves are not important for the creation of the surface. As the curves will be oriented depending on the end selected, all the curves should be selected towards the same end. Select an element ( U Direction ) - Select shape 1 Select an element ( U Direction ) - Select shape 2 Confirm using the right hand mouse button <M2> Select an element ( V Direction ) - Select shape 3 Select an element ( V Direction ) - Select shape 4 Select an element ( V Direction ) - Select shape 5 Select an element ( V Direction ) - Select shape 6 Confirm using the right hand mouse button <M2>

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Shape 1

Shape 2

Shape 3

Shape 4

Shape 1

Shape 2 Shape 5

Shape 6

Shape 4

Shape 3


SOLID > OTHER SURFACES > LOFTING IN 2 DIRECTIONS This function is another adaptation of the lofting in 2 directions function but will allow you to produce a periodic lofted surface. The selection of the curves in this function is extremely important as the result can differ depending on the curves that are selected. Firstly deselect the multiple selection icon

Select an element ( U Direction ) - Select shape 1 – Green Curve (S1) Select an element ( U Direction ) - Select shape 2 - Orange Curve (S2) Select an element ( U Direction ) - Select shape 3 - Brown Curve (S3) Select an element ( U Direction ) - Select shape 4 - Pink Curve (S4) Select an element ( U Direction ) - Select shape 5 – Green Curve as we want a

seamless surface (S5) Confirm using the right hand mouse button <M2> Select an element ( V Direction ) - Select shape 1 – Blue Curve (D1) Confirm using the right hand mouse button <M2>

SOLID >OTHER SURFACES > ADVANCED LOFTED SURFACE This command is very similar to the command Lofted surface apart from it is possible to define the tangency speeds and constraints. Using this command it is possible to create a surface that is tangent to the start and end edges that are picked but also passing the N number of curves. It also allows the option of changing the tangency values on the fly. With this ability it give more flexibility in the surface that is created.

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Multiple Selection Icon

S1 + S5

S2

D1

S3

S4


- Select the first edge of the surface – E1

(The middle elements are going to be the two curves in the middle of the start and end surfaces) - Select the two curves – C1, C2 and confirm with the right hand mouse button

(The end edge must be a surface.) - Select the last edge – E2

By changing the tangency values it is possible to speed up and slow down the tangency change between the start and end surface. Please ask your Instruction for an example. Select OK to the dialog box. The result:

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E2

C2

C1

E1


SOLID > OTHER SURFACE > ADVANCED LOFTING IN 2 DIRECTIONS (N SIDED PATCH) With this command it is possible to have a number of surface edges that lie in the U and V direction. Ordinarily when trying to create a patch surface in this type of situation we would need to draw the edges of the surfaces, concatenate them together in order to create the four sides required to use the Patch surface function. With the introduction of the new Advanced lofting in 2 directions we can now simply pick multiple surface edges directly in order to create one side of the patch surface Note! The number of edges that make up the start edge in the U direction must equal the same number of edges that make up the middle or end side also. This also applies for the V direction.

Ensure the “select single edge” selection icon is active and also the block control icon as we need to pick more then more then one edge to define a side of the patch surface.

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This side consists of 6 edges; therefore the opposite side must also equal six for the command to work


- Select the first edge of the first side – E1 - Select the second edge of the first side – E2 - Select the third edge of the first side – E3 - Select the fourth edge of the first side – E4 - Select the fifth edge of the first side – E5 - Select the sixth edge of the first side – E6

Confirm the first set of edges in the U direction with M2

At this point it is possible to select middle reference elements to control the geometry of the surface, in this example we have no middle reference elements. Simply select M2 to skip the middle reference element selection.

We now need to repeat the same process for the opposite side (middle elements)

- Select the first edge of the second side – E7 - Select the second edge of the second side – E8 - Select the third edge of the second t side – E9 - Select the fourth edge of the second side – E10 - Select the fifth edge of the second side – E11 - Select the sixth edge of the second side – E12

Confirm the second set of edges in the U direction with M2


E6

E1

E2

E3

E4

E5


With the edges in the U direction now defined we can now repeat the process for the V direction Following the same rules that are used in the conventional patch surface command select the edges where indicated using the block control

- Select the first edge of the third side – V1 - Select the second edge of the third side – V2 - Select the third edge of the third side – V3

Confirm the first set of edges in the V direction with M2

- Select the first edge of the forth side – V4 - Select the second edge of the forth side – V5 - Select the third edge of the forth side – V6

.

Confirm the second set of edges in the V direction with M2 Inside of the dialog box that appears it is possible to change the tangency result by un-checking and checking options inside of the Lofting Body dialog box. Select OK to the dialog box that appears.

V3 V2 V1



The Result: SOLID > OTHER SURFACES > ADVANCED LOFTING IN TWO DIRECTIONS (TANGENCY ) With this command it is possible to produce a tangent surface while passing through N number of curves in the U and V direction. Select the start reference edge (Select the edge marked – E1) Select the middle reference curves (Select C1 – C6 and confirm with M2) Finally for the U direction select the end reference edge (Select the edge marked – E2)

E2

E1

C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6



To specify the reference edges for the V direction select the edge V1 followed by V2. Confirm the start and end curves with M2.

NOTE! Skip past the selection for a middle element by simply Right hand clicking Once again it is possible to get varied results by changing the tangency options opposite. Select Ok to the dialog box.


V1

V2


SOLID > SURFACE BY 1 DRIVE 2 SHAPE CURVES Creates a surface as the evolution of a primary shape curve towards a second shape curve along a directional or driving curve. The drive curve defines the surface shape in the longitudinal direction (the U direction of the surface), and the shape curve defines the sectional shape (the V direction). It is possible to define two different shape curves that define the surface cross sections at each end of the drive curve, but the same command will also drive a single shape curve along the directional curve. NOTE! If there are two different shape curves, then their direction and application points are relevant. If the surface created self intersects, it will be necessary to reverse one of the curves, and / or pick a different application point. Select the drive curve - Select shape 1 Select the first shape curve - Select shape 2 Select the application point - Select Point 1 [P1] Select the second shape curve - Select shape 3 Select the application point - Select Point 2 [P2] The resulting surface can be influenced by changing the settings within the displayed dialog box . NOTE! Ensure the Automatic tick box is selected to preview the effect of changes within the dialog box.


Shape 1

[P1]

Shape 3 Shape 2

[P2]


SOLID > OTHER SURFACES > SURFACE BY 2 DRIVE 2 SHAPE CURVES Creates a surface as the evolution of a primary shape curve towards a second shape curve along two driving curves. If you tag the option Maintain constant height, the system interpolates any change in height between the curves in proportion to the distance along the drive curve. This normally leads to a constant change in height or constant height between one shape curve and other. If you do not tag this option the system generates a height for the surface which is proportional to the distance between the directional drive curves (width). Select the first drive curve - Select shape 1 Select the second drive curve - Select shape 2 Select the first shape curve - Select shape 3 Select the second shape curve - Select shape 4

SOLID >OTHER SURFACES > PATCH SURFACE Creates a patch surface between three or four boundary curves. The curves must join at the corners of the patch. NOTE! The selection is the same as that of four-sided patch, but instead to select the fourth edge you must confirm with the right hand mouse button. In general a patch should not be used as an alternative to a blend or generated surface as it has fewer controls for tangency or parallelism with other elements surrounding it.


Shape 1

Shape 2

Shape 4 Shape 3


3 SIDED PATCH Select the first curve - Select shape 1 Select the second curve - Select shape 2 Select the third curve - Select shape 3 Confirm using the right hand mouse button

4 SIDED PATCH Select the first curve - Select shape 1 Select the second curve - Select shape 2 Select the third curve - Select shape 3 Select the fourth curve - Select shape 4

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Shape 4

Shape 1

Shape 3

Shape 2

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Shape 1 Shape 2

Shape 3


SOLID > DRAFT SURFACES > DRAFT SURFACE FROM a CURVE Creates a surface by applying a constant or variable draft angle to a selected element. The elements are extruded to heights defined from the selected elements, the workplane or absolute height value. Select the curve - Select shape 1 Shape 1

SOLID > PIPED SURFACE Creates a piped surface (tube) from a selected reference element (segment, circle, arc, curve or profile).

Start Radius - Radius of the start of the pipe.

End Radius - Radius at the end of the pipe.



NOTE! A pipe with a different start and end size cannot be applied on curves with sharp corners. The position on the reference element that you identify is significant, the system considers the start point for the surface to be the nearest extremity of the element. If the selected reference element is a closed element (e.g. Circles) the system requests only a single Radius value, as the start and the end points of the reference element are coincident and the pipe is made continuously.

Zoom into area 10. Surface tangent to 2 faces / surfaces

SOLID > SURFACE TANGENT TO 2 FACES / SURFACES This command will produce a surface tangent to two series of faces. NOTE! The tangent surface will be generated from the two edges closest to the selection point. It is important that the selected faces must be picked at similar positions. Select Edge 1 - Select side 1 Select Edge 2 - Select side 2



Side 1

Side 2

SOLID > TRIM SURFACE > CREATE TRIMMED SURFACE This command creates a trim or trimmed boundary for an existing surface. The trim boundaries can be defined by profiles, sequence of elements (group), segments and or curves. Pick the surface to be trimmed within the part to be retained, then select the trimming elements. The dialogue box defines the trimming elements projection method. The elements can be positioned in space and can be projected on the surface to trim the extent of the surface. Select the surface to be trimmed - Select surface at Point 1 [P1] Select the trimming curves - Select all curves on surface [P1] Trimming curve

Surface selected inside trimming curve will

leave this result Surface selected

outside trimming curve will leave this result



SOLID > EDIT TRIMMING This function removes, reverses, or duplicates the trimming on trimmed surfaces. • Removal closes an interior hole, and deletes the external loop. The body will revert to

an untrimmed state. • Reversal deletes the original body, and creates new bodies from the interior portion of

holes, and from those areas that lie outside the exterior trimming loop. • Duplication retains the original body, and also creates new bodies in a similar manner

to the reversal option.

SOLID > EXTRACT FACE AS SURFACE Allows you to extract one or more faces of a reference solid transforming them into surfaces. You can decide to retain or to remove any existing trimming of the selected faces. Using the Dialog box it is possible to control the trimming condition and the location of the extracted faces. Using the “Extract Face as Surface” command select Face1 and select the preview button from the dialog box. You will notice that a sheet body has been created on top of the solid. If you now select the “Incremental” option from the dialog box and enter values into any of the XYZ boxes you will see the extracted face move the entered distance from the original solid.



SOLID > JOIN / CONCATENATE / FORCE TANGENCY This command allows you to edit two series of faces. Different results can be obtained depending on the surface switch setting selected within the dialog box.



NOTE! The surface will be modified from the two edges closest to the selection point. It is important that the selected faces must be picked at similar positions. Select face 1 - Select side 1 Select face 2 - Select side 2

SOLID > EDIT SURFACES > EDIT VERTICES This function allows you to modify the vertices that compose the surface. Existing vertices can be translated, rotated, projected or scaled. Vertex rows or columns may be deleted or added. The surface may be a single sheet body, or it may be the face of an existing body. In the former case the original body will be replaced with the modified surface, and in the latter case a new sheet body will be created. When the surface has been selected the existing vertex net will be displayed. Each vertex will be shown as a rectangle, and a continuous line will connect rows of vertices in the U direction. A dashed line will connect those in the V direction.

Select the surface to modify - Select surface 1 Select the vertices to modify - Select the highest vertex and move it Z+100


Side 1

Side 2

Surface 1


OPERATION > MULTIPLE BLEND ON SURFACES / FACES This command is an operation that takes two (disjoint) sets of faces and produces blends between them. It differs from edge blending in that: The face sets need not be adjacent, or even in the same body. The command will work with solid and surface bodies, and can be used to combine bodies. The blend may either have a constant or variable radius, and the cross sectional shape may either be defined as a rolling ball or as a disc. Rolling Ball Blend. A rolling ball blend has a cross section that lies in the plane normal to the two underlying surfaces. Disc Blend A disc blend has a cross section that lies in a plane orthogonal to the parameter spine. Parameter Spine A parameter spine is a curve that is used to define the radii for variable radius and disc blends. For disc blends it also defines the plane of the blend cross section. Tangent Edge Blends For tangent edge blends actual edges on the solid must be selected. Wire frame curves cannot be used. If the edges do no exist, then the function ‘Project Curve onto Body’ has an option ‘Create Edges’. Any redundant edges may be deleted by simplifying the body. Select the first face - Select face 1 NOTE!

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Select the second face - Select face 2

When blending surfaces the surface side is important. Different results can be obtained.

Surface 1

Surface 2

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SOLID > AUTO CONSTRAINED SURFACE The auto constrained surface option will systematically step through all of the available surface creation possibilities. The system initially re-orders the curves and internally steps through all available creation methods depending on the curve type selected…. for example (i) lofting, if that fails the system uses (ii) adv lofting etc. There are three options for selecting geometry within the command:-

• Wire frame Selection. • Surface Edge Selection. • Combination of both Wire frame & Surface Edge Selection.

WIRE FRAME SELECTION Using the auto constrained surface simply create a selection window around the first example inside the area 21.

Selection Window

To confirm the element selection simply press the M2 mouse button. Select the preview button to see a preview of the resulting surface before pressing OK to accept the created surface.



Using the same window selection method continue to create surfaces from all the groups of curves in this section. Complete the exercise by filling in the missing surfaces from the sheet body. SURFACE EDGE SELECTION It is possible to use the Auto Constrained Surface when there are no curves available by selecting the edges of surfaces. Using this method it is possible to control the tangency condition of the surface being generated. Select the Auto Constrained Surface option, then press the M2 mouse button to change to reference edge selection.

M2 Mouse Click

Curve selection options

Reference Edge selection



Select the two reference edges of the surfaces P1 & P2 as shown below.

Select the preview button to display the resulting surface. Within the dialog box it is possible to remove the tangency conditions so a ruled surface is created. Follow the same process to generate a surface between the three edges of the sheet body.


P1

P2


WIRE FRAME & SURFACE EDGE SELECTION Using this final example it is possible to create a surface using a combination of both curves and reference edges of existing surfaces. Using the techniques that you implemented in the two previous examples repair the surface model by selecting the guide curves with a window selection and the confirming the operation with the M2 mouse key and then selecting the two reference edges to create the surface. If you have any trouble ask your tutor for assistance.


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