vernacular architecture of kerala by abdul sakur.pptx

7/23/2019 VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE OF kerala BY abdul sakur.pptx

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(VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE OF KERALA )

SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, AGI, JAIPUR

ELECTIVE -II

MID TERM - I

SUBMITTED BY:-

ABDUL SAKUR

B.ARCH VII SEM IV YR

SUBMITTED TO:-

AR. ANUBHAV MITTAL


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The term vernacular architecture stands for the art of

constructing buildings and shelters which is spontaneous,

environment-oriented, community-based knowledge

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VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE OF KERALA


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Located in south-western region of the Indian peninsula

Wedged between the rabian !ea in the west and Western

"hats in the east

LOCATION

"#$"%&'( )* +LIT#

e.uatorial tropical climate

/ three climatically distinct 0ones1 eastern highlands 2rugged and cool

mountainous terrain3 central midlands 2rolling hills3 western lowlands 2coastal plains3



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control of the indoor environment is basis of traditionalarchitecture

the traditional architecture of kerala evolved through ages by

the influence of many factors of which the climate is most

important

/ma4or problems - e5cess of moisture, heavy rainfall, intense

solar radiation and effect of high temperature

INFLUENTIAL FACTORS



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a modular concept with four blocks built around an open

courtyard strictly adhering to the ancient rules of geometrical

grids, proportions and scale


s.uare or rectangle in plan, are

oriented strictly to the cardinaldirections

thatchu shastra and vasthu,

governing sciences

/this makes the spatial planning more perfect to control itsenvironment with ma5imum comfort in all distinct

seasons


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TYPES OF HOUSES:VEEDU

range- caves, huts etc, to hamlets,

pathinarukettu

shelter to 4oint-family kinfolk ortharavad 2tharavad--kinship system3

conse.uently huge shelter



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VEEDU


/five types of spatial house structures

ordinary folks and tribal people6 adivasis 2cheri, chala,kudi, variyam or pisharam or pumatham3 #kasala, an I-shaped single rectangular hall house,

belongs to farmers or middle-class non-farmers )alukettu, a courtyard house, belongs to landlords

the great mansion #ttuketu and &atin4arukettu 2doubleettukettu3 or much bigger structures, belong to very rich

landlords commoner houses


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HE SINGLE HALL HOUSE


wretched huts and hamlets

one hall divided into inner and living spaces by means of

temporary structural dividers

the materials are locally available1 bamboo reeds, wooden

poles, mud and local grass or leaves

the walls - wattle 2bamboo splints woven together and

covered with a mud plaster3 and red or white mud stripes,

sometimes decorated


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HE SINGLE HALL HOUSE



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HOUSE 7armer8s 'ouse the grain store

designs vary from a small bo52pattayam3, to a house grain storeroom

2ara3 and a house for grain storage

with a treasury building 2pattayapura6

pathayapura3

typical single hall partitioned into three

arrayed rooms, enriched or fronted by a

gallery6veranda



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HOUSE


beneath the ara, there is a semi basement storage

room called nilavara

/the ara has two doors9 one faces the interior and is for

daily use while the other side faces the e5terior or rare

gallery 6 passageway to get the paddy in

/The middle room is thus regarded the most important part

which is utili0ed as ara9

:alavara

the rooms are multifunctional and could be used as

bedroom, storage or treasury


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HOUSE

$rder of &reference of the four

salas


length- owner8s hasta

unit

width1length;


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HOUSE

e5pansion proportions applicable to core core e5tend by passage halls upwards



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# $&' "#$%$#

Types of trisalas

Types of dwisalas



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NDM

the houses of brahmins, landlords

and the royalty are usually

courtyard mansions called

nalukettu

The )alukettu can be multiplied to make a double

nalukettu with two courtyards 2ettukettu3, and a fourfold

nalukettu with four courtyards 2patinyarukettu3 following the

needs of spatial e5tension



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NADUMUTTAM +TT@!!L!

T(! $7 +TT@!!L!


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ND NADUMUTTAMthe plan or spatial boundaries for certain designs follow

patterns that are prescribed in vastu9

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KETTU AND NADUMUTTAMR

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ALUKETTU AND NADUMUTTAMthe enclosed courtyard - Bankanam8 is usually sunk and

therefore called Bku0hi 2pit3 ankanam8

/the protruding roofs of the Bsalas8 form shady verandas andprotect the rooms from direct sunlight, keeping them cool

even on the hottest of days

western and eastern verandahs are left open, northern and

southern verandahs are enclosed or semi-enclosed



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ONER HOUSES



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USES

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STRUCTURES shingle and bent roof construction

reflects the logic of tropical sloping as seenin the shingle, hip, saddle roof and the span of

eaves of the roof slopes

basic structural

elements - kazhukol

2rafters3, uttaram 2wall

plate3, montayam2ridge3, vala



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TRUCTURES



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$#north kerala - more massive appearances in laterite

construction

it uses hipped roofs, wooden carvings andopenings

south kerala and central kerala - lighter structures in

timber use of the bent or gabled ridge roof

environment or climate

use of shingle roofs and protruding eaves as response to

tropical rain, wind

/ use of grilled windows and porous walls as response to

tropical sun glare

COMPLE4


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COMPLE4/ built in


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SVERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE OF KERALA

E&5

The palace comple5 consists of several

structures1 antrasala, literal meaning, :ing8s +ouncil +hamber

Thai :ottaram, literal meaning, other8s

&alace )ataksala, literal meaning, the 'all of

&erformance

four-storeyed building at the centre of the &alacecomple5 Thekee :ottaram, literal meaning, the !outhern

&alace

from the west high door with pitched roof structure abutting it

&rogress through succession of courtyards formed by buildings orwalls to reach core

t I (C iI " #


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ost beautiful parts of the entire palace

comple5

/'as windows, with coloured mica, which keep the heat and the

dust away

Inside of the council chamber remains cool and

dark *elicate and beautiful lattice

work 7loor beautifully done, with a fine and perfect finish

*ark coloured

ade of a mi5ture of varied substances, including burnt coconutshells, egg white etc This particular floor finish and te5ture could not be duplicated in

any other construction

ntrasaIa (CounciI ca!"er# Pa

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T i K tt (M t $ I #


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Tai Kottara! (Moter$s %aIace#The oldest construction in the entire palace

comple5

centre piece or focus

/basic reference point in relation to which location and openings

of other buildings have been determined

Inner courtyard, called Bnalukettu8 !loping roofs from all four sided taper

down 7our pillars on four corners support the roof

$n the south-west corner there is a small room, the chamber of

solitude or ekantha mandapam8 Intricate wood carvings $f particular interest is a pillar of single 4ackfruit wood, with very

detailed and beautiful floral designs9

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(H II ' ' #


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(HaII o' %er'or!ance#

relatively new building, constructed at the behest of

ahara4a !wathi Thirunal, 2reign from


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ntraI "uiIdin* (UPPIRIKKA MALI+A#

7our-storied building is located at the centre of the

palace comple5Top floor 2called upparikka malika3- worship

chamber

Walls covered with e5.uisite


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vernacular architecture of kerala by abdul sakur.pptx

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