VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE IN COLD REGIONS

Submitted by: Drishan Saksham Siyaram

Submitted To:Ar. Neeti khanna

Introduction

Indian vernacular architecture is the informal, functional architecture of structures, often in rural areas of India build of local material to meet local requirements

The builders involved are basically unschooled in informal architectural design and their work reflects the rich diversity of India's climate, locally available building material.

•Solan lies at an altitude of 1750 m above the sea level in middle Himalayas.

•Although in cold and cloudy climate the place experiences  a fair number of sunny days.

•It experiences a fairly long winter with a severe cold spell of about two months with short wet periods.

•The summers are pleasant with maximum temperature 29c.

GEOGRAPHICAL CONDITION

(Diagram showing precipitation level in Solan)

Building methodology in cold regions

•In hilly parts where rocky rubble, ashlars and pieces of stone are available.

•These can be patched together with a mud mortar to form walls. •Finer stonework veneer covers the outside.

•Sometimes wood beams and rafters are used with slate tiles for roofing if available.

•These houses usually have two stories, with the livestock living on the ground.

•Often a verandah runs along the side of the house.

•The roof is pitched to deal with the monsoon season and the house may sit on raised plinths or bamboo poles to cope with floors.

(Basic structure and plastering)

(Intermediate stage)

(Final product)

Traditional House in Solan (Himachal  Pradesh, India) [The south east side elevation]

• The house is located in village Basal, Solan in Himachal Pradesh.

•Built on a gentle hill slope which is sparsely populated, it has a small water channel running besides it.

•The dwelling was built in 1923 and occupied by an agrarian family whose main preoccupation was to stores grains efficiently.

•Built around 80 years back, the house belongs to an agrarian family.

•Situated along a gentle slope, the density of houses is less and lot of greenery.

•Hills give this house it scenic beauty.

•The house has been built taking into account the furious winters when it snows and the summers, which make the house really warm

LOCATION

•The house has been built such that the cow-shed and kitchen form a separate unit, away from the living quarters.

•The living quarters basically include bedrooms and stores for storage of grains.

LAYOUT PLAN

•The sloping roof as seen in the traditional dwelling is a common feature in all the houses in the area as is compact planning of the house.

ELEVATIONS

•The house which constitutes many stores has been built for storage of grains which formed the back bone of the agrarian family.

•Boxes of various sizes can been found.

SECTION

•An interesting part of the house is the attic which is used to store corn which forms the staple diet of the people.

•The two windows on the sides ventilate and dry the corn at the same time protecting from the rain.

•Although the main function of the attic is to insulate the house, it serves as an excellent storage space.

THE ATTIC

•This is the kind of ladder used to go to the attic where the corn is stored.

•All the building construction material used is locally available like the stone and sand of which the walls are made, the timber is also readily available.

•The staircase used to reach the first floor of the house is made of timber, with stone slabs also introduced.

BUILDING MATERIAL

•The built form of the house constitutes about 60% of the plot area.

•The house in its totality forms a compact unit.

•As a general rule the houses  do not have a boundary wall.

BUILD FORM