verbal overshadowing effect and the benefits of eye-closure in audio line- up roon, yi eunkyung, jo...
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Verbal overshadowing effect and the benefits of eye-closure in
audio line-up
Roon, YiEunkyung, Jo
iIIRG 2010 annual conference
Introduction• Investigators should ask ear-witnesses to describe
details of the offender’s voice before audio line-up.(The England and Wales guidelines on the use of voice identification parades advise, 2003)
• This advice bears risk to the verbal overshadowing effect which could reduce identification accuracy.
• In this study we tested whether verbally describing the offender’s voice might induce the VOE and the instruction to a ear-witness to close their eyes during voice identification parade might overcome the VOE and increase the rate of accuracy.
Verbal overshadowing effect
• The impairment of a person’s recognition ability as a
result of generating a verbal description
• TIR : Transfer-inappropriate retrieval hypothesis
• TIPS : Transfer-inappropriate processing shift
hypothesis
• Perfect and his colleagues (2002) reported a
significant effect of verbalization on voice recognition.
• They used same statement in target and foil voices.
Eye-Closure
• Eye-closure aids recall of both visual and auditory details, while suppressing recall of incorrect details.(Wagstaff et al, 2004; Perfect et al, 2008)
Eye-closure
Reduces distraction
Influences contextual retrieval
Decreases transfer-inappropriate processing
shift
Research Questions
• Is VOE induced on audio line-up that using different
statements in stimulus, target and foil voices?
• Can eye-closure instruction make the accuracy rate
higher and help overcome the VOE in audio line-up?
Experiment design
Verbal description
Control
Eye-Closure instruction
1 3
None instruction 2 4
Materials
Video clip Distracter Audio Line-up
8 voice samples saying
about their hobby.Target
present.
Cross-wordpuzzle
Procedure
• Cover story : The experiment on the improvement of the eye-witness’s memory
• All participants looked the same crime scene video clip.
• Participants were asked to resolve cross-word puzzle for 5 minutes.
• Then they performed other task for manipulation. - condition 1,2: describe the feature of offender’s voice - condition 3,4: write a composition using 9 words• Audio line-up - condition 1,3: eye-closure - condition 2,4: none instruction
Result(VOE)
1, 0정답 오답1.00.00
Count
25
20
15
10
5
0
Bar Chart
1.00.00
1, 0특징묘사 통제집단Control group
Verbal description
correctincorrec
t
No effect of VOE (1)= .29, p> .05
Result(Eye-closure)
1, 0정답 오답1.00.00
Count
30
20
10
0
Bar Chart
1.00.00
1, 0감기 뜨기None instruction
Eye-closure
correctincorrec
t
Significant effect of eye-closure (1)= 4.17, p< .05
No difference between the confidences of eye-closure(M=3.78) and none instruction(M=3.79)t(85)=-.03, p> .05
Result(VOE in eye-closure)
1, 0정답 오답1.00.00
Count
12.5
10.0
7.5
5.0
2.5
0.0
Bar Chart
1.00.00
1, 0특징묘사 통제집단Control group
Verbal description
correctincorrec
t
No effect of VOE (1)= .24, p> .05
Result(VOE in none instruction)
1, 0정답 오답1.00.00
Count
12.5
10.0
7.5
5.0
2.5
0.0
Bar Chart
1.00.00
1, 0특징묘사 통제집단Control group
Verbal description
correctincorrec
t
No effect of VOE (1)= .16, p> .05
Summary of findings
• There would be no VOE in audio line-up when we
use different statements in stimulus and line-up
process.
• Eye-closure instruction in audio line-up process
would increase the rate of accuracy.
discussion
• It is necessary to conduct a replication comparing the accuracy rate of audio line-up between using same contents of statements and different contents.
• Is female influenced more than male by eye-closure?
1, 0정답 오답1.00.00
Coun
t
25
20
15
10
5
0
Bar Chart
1.00.00
1, 0감기 뜨기
1, 0정답 오답1.00.00
Count
8
6
4
2
0
Bar Chart
1.00.00
1, 0감기 뜨기
female male
No instruction
Eye-closure
correctincorrect correctincorrect
References• Brand, A.(2004). A Web Experiment Based Enquiry into the Verbal Overshadowing
Effect. The-sis submitted to Cardiff University for the Degree of Ph. D.• Clare, J., Lewandowsky, S. (2004). Verbalizing Facial Memory: Criterion Effects in
Verbal Overshadowing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 30, No. 4, 739-755
• Hunt, L. J., & Harris, C. M. (2002). Verbal overshadowing in voice recognition. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 16, 973-980.
• Meissner, C. A., Memon, A. (2002). Verbal overshadowing: A Special Issue Exploring Theoretical and Applied Issues. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 16, 869-872.
• Mitchell, Helen F. & MacDonald, Raymond A. R. (2009). Linguistic limitations of describing sound: Is talking about music like dancing about architecture? International Symposium on Performance Science
• Perfect, T. J., Hunt, L. J., & Harris, C. M. (2002). Verbal overshadowing in voice recognition. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 16, 973-980.
• Perfect, T. J., Wagstaff, G. F., Moore, D., Andrews, B., Cleveland, V. Newcombe, S., Brisbane, K-A. & Brown, L. (2008), How can we help witnesses remember more? It's an (eyes) open and shut case. Law and Human Behavior, in press
• Wagstaff, G. F., Brunas-Wagstaff, J. Cole, J., Knapton, L., Winterbottom, J. Crean, V. & Wheatcroft, J. (2004). Facilitating memory with hypnosis, focused meditation and eye closure. International journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 52, 434-455.