verbTenses

Today, we're going to talk about the tenses. Now, if I say "I am beautiful,“ which tense is it? 

Obviously it is the past tense.

Present simple

+-?

he/ she / it : -s -es (plays, goes)

Conson + y = – ies (study- studies)O = es (go – goes)S, x, ch, sh = es (watch- watches/ mix-mixes)

Don`tDoesn´t

+ verb We don´t studyShe doesn´t study

A + S + V ? Do you study ?Does she study?

We study EnglishMy sister watches TV

present continuousAmIsAre

+ V-ing

V monosilábicos q terminan en 1 vocal + 1 cons., doblan cons.

Run—running swim—swimmingV de dos sílabas y acento en la 2ª, doblan consonante Begin—beginningVerbos que acaban en l , doblan l Travel—travellingVerbos que acaban en -ie , cambia a y + ing Die—dying

+I am studying you are studying he is studying

-I am not studyingYou aren´t studyingHe isn´t studying

? A + S + V ? Am I studying?Are you studying?Is he studying?

Study- studyingPlay-playing

Present simpleThe simple present is used for two main types of action:

actions which happen regularly o on Sundays o Frequency Adverbs : -always,

usually, often – o every day, every week, Once a

month, etc.

Habits

States Things which do not often change ( opinions, conditions, etc)

present continuous

A temporary action happening now : Something which is going on right now (but it will stop in the future) Algo que está ocurriendo ahora pero parará en el futuro) A definite plan for the future : Something we intend to do, usually in the near future. Algo que tenemos la intención de hacer en un futuro cercano

The present continuous tense is used for two main types of action:

HabitYoung-Mi goes to class every day. "Every day" is a habit.

It rains a lot in Vancouver. This means that it rains often.

Santos always talks about his family. "Always" means this is a habit.

Jerry spends Christmas with his parents. This implies that he spends Christmas with his parents every year.

StatesBianca lives in Florida. This is a state, because it doesn't change.

Jean-Paul has red hair. Someone's hair colour doesn't usually change.

Martin likes chocolate. When we like something, usually we will always like it.

Anna believes in God. Beliefs and opinions are states. They don't often change.

There are some verbs that you don't usually use in the continuous form, just as in

Spanish.

Generally speaking they're verbs that describe states and not actions, such as these:

verbs describing thought processes and opinions:

think, believe, remember, know, forget, agree, disagree…

verbs describing emotions:

want, like, love, hate, adore, detest…

verbs describing the senses:

see, hear, taste, feel, smell…

This doesn't mean that it's impossible to use these verbs in the continuous. It just means that it's unusual and would probably be very specific in a particular situation.

Non-continuous verbs / Stative verbs

Frequency adverbs and time expressions

Always

Usually

Often

Sometimes

Hardly ever

Never

Every day

Once a day / week / month..

Twice a day / week / month..

Three times a day / week / month..

Twelve times a day / week / month..

How often..?

Before the verb She often plays golf

After to be They are always hungry

At the end of the sentence

I do yoga twice a week

Temporary action happening now

John is winning the game. Right now, John is winning, but the game isn't finished yet.

It's raining outside. It's raining right now (but it may stop soon).

Soraya's working in the library. She's working there right now.

Sihol is spending Christmas with his family. He's spending Christmas with his family right now, this year. (Maybe next year he won't.)

1. What are you cooking? It smells / is smelling wonderful.

2.What time do you usually go / are you usually going to bed?

3.Be quiet! The baby sleeps / is sleeping.

4.How often do you visit / are you visiting your grandmother?

5.In most US schools, the students don’t wear / aren’t wearing

uniforms.

6.Turn off the television. The children don’t watch / aren’t

watching it.

7.You don’t need an umbrella this morning. It doesn’t rain / isn’t

raining.

8.He is a vegetarian. He doesn’t eat / isn’t eating meat.

9.Right now, the president meets / is meeting some important

people.

10.Tom has got a car now so he doesn’t walk / isn’t walking to

school any more.

Choose the correct answer.

Past Simple

♦ Monosyllabic ending in 1 vowel+1 conson, double conson

Stop—stopped♦ 2 syllables & stress in the 2nd, double

consonant Permit—permitted♦ V ending in conson + y i + ed Study—studied Vowel + y + ed play - played

Suj + +

-

?

V+ -ed

2nd colI played I sang

Suj + didn´t + verb

I didn´t playI didn´t sing Did+ Suj + verb ?

Did you play?Did you sing?A+S+V ?

Use

Past and finished actions.

We visited the museum last week

A series of completed actions in the past

When I opened the door, the dog barked at the postman.

Past states. The old lady lived in this house in 1887

TIME EXPRESSIONS

Yesterday last week/year

2 days ago In 2002 in

the 80s when then

+-?

I was playing You were singing

I wasn´t playingYou weren´t singingWas I playing?

Were you singing?

Remember I , He , She , It

Was/ wasn´t

Were/weren´t

You, we, they

Past Continuous

WasWere

+ V-ing

WasWere

+ V-ingSuj +

Wasn´tWeren´t + V-ingSuj +

WasWere

+ Suj + V-ing

Time expressions: While , as , last night / week , at 3 o´clock

A+S+V ?

Usos :1. Para decir lo que estaba ocurriendo en un momento concreto del

pasado (no algo puntual, sino algo en proceso). La acción comenzó antes de dicho momento y seguramente continuó después.

Fíjate que suelen expresar acciones largas. I was studying all day yesterday I studied all day yesterday

Parece q la acción d estudiar fue algo muy largo

Solamente informas, no quieresdar la idea de cuánto tiempopasaste estudiando

2. Para 2 acciones que estuvieron ocurriendo al mismo tiempo.

While you were reading the newspaper, I was doing my homework

3. Para la mas larga de las acciones, que suele ser interrumpida x una mas breve.

I was walking by the street when it began to rain.

Past simple vs past continuous

Recuerda q las acciones largas suelen ir en PC y las cortas en PS

She was talking on the phone when he arrived

Cuando se cuenta una historia, la narración en sí, es decir, la progresión histórica, puede ir en PS, mientras q las descripciones y el ambiente suelen ir en PC.

It was a beautiful day. The sun was shining and flags were flying high everywhere. He felt confident and he knew what he had to do. He spoke to the people in the square. They were looking at him anxiously.

Last weekend Carmela ………. to the cinema

to see "The Others". Carmela ……………… . it

because it……………. about ghosts and she is afraid

of them. While she …………… home with her friend

Lola, she …………… very strange.

They ……………a noise behind them, but they could not see anyone. It

………………..a lot and there …………………any taxis on the street, so

they ……………………to go home walking. The noise …………….. still

behind them and while they …………………. to see what or who

…………….. it , the lights on the street …………………. out and they

……………….for five minutes. Do you know what happened next?

went

didn´t like

was

was going

felt

heard

was raining weren´t

decided was

were trying

was went

were crying

Complete with a suitable verb

Listen dear ; here is an article about how many words women use a day: 30,000 to a man's 15,000  

'The reason has to be because we have to repeat everything to men... 

What ?

Present perfectHaveHas

+ V-ed3ª col

+-

?

I have workedShe has written

I haven´t workedShe hasn´t written

Have you worked?Has she written ? A+S+V ?

Time expressions

Ever , never , yet , just ,

Already , lately , how long..?

For , since , in recent years

TIME EXPRESSIONS

• EVER : (Interrogativas)(“alguna vez”) Entre el auxiliar y el verbo. Have you ever been in London? • NEVER : (“Nunca”) Siempre con el verbo afirmativa. I have never seen a class like this.

• FOR : Indica un periodo de tiempo, cuánto ha durado una acción. (durante-desde hace) I´ve known him for twenty years. (Le conozco desde hace 20 años)

• SINCE : Indica el momento o circunstancia concreta en que comenzó la acción. I´ve known her since 1994. (La conozco desde 1994)

• JUST : Indica que la acción acaba de concluir. Va entre el auxiliar y el verbo. Have + just + Past Participle = “acabar de + infinitivo” I´ve just washed my hair ( Me acabo de lavar el pelo).

• ALREADY : Va con oraciones afirmativas e interrogativas. (Entre el auxiliar y el verbo).( “ Ya” ) I´ve already seen that film ( Ya he visto esa película) Have you already washed the dishes? (¿Ya has lavado los platos?)

• YET : Va con oraciones negativas e interrogativas. ( Al final de la frase) Negativas. (aún,todavía). I haven´t found it yet. (Aún no lo he encontrado) Interrogativas (“ya”) Has the doctor come yet? (¿Ha venido ya el médico?)

usos Para hablar de experiencias y hechos pasados que han ocurrido a

lo largo del tiempo sin especificar el momento.  I have eaten Chinese food many times  Para hablar de acciones que aún continúan aunque empezaron

tiempo atrás.(Suele llevar “for” y “since” ). Las preguntas se hacen con “How long..?”

  I´ve lived here for five years ( Vivo aquí desde hace 5 años-todavía vivo aquí)  Para acciones que ocurrieron en un momento indeterminado del

pasado y cuyo resultado podemos ver.  We´ve painted the kitchen

Expresar que una acción acaba de ocurrir. Entonces añadimos “just” entre el aux. y el verbo

The team has just scored a goal

CONTRASTE PAST SIMPLE / PRESENT PERFECTPast Simple: acciones que ocurrieron en un momento concreto del

pasado.

When did Sam go to India? Last June

Present Perfect: experiencias que han ocurrido en algún momento

indeterminado.

Sam has been to India.

 

Past Simple: acciones completamente acabadas. I lived in India in 1992.

Present Perfect: acciones que comenzaron en el pasado pero que

continúan en el presente. I´ve lived in India since 1992.

 

Past Simple: se acompaña de expresiones de tiempo pasado yesterday,

2 years ago.

Present Perfect: se acompaña con ever, never, yet, already….

1 you / go / on holiday last year?

______________________________

2 you / ever / go / to England?

______________________________

3 I / never / try / windsurfing

______________________________

4 Maria / study / photography last year

______________________________

5 your teacher / ever / live in England?

______________________________

Write sentences or questions. Use the past simple or present perfect

Did you go on holiday last year?

I’ve never tried windsurfing

Have you ever been to England?

Maria studied photography last year.

Has your teacher ever lived in England?

Choose the correct answer.

1. I am still looking for my ticket. I ……………………… (not find) it yet.2. The basketball game ……………………… (finish) an hour ago.3. ……………… you ever ……………… (see) so many fans at a game?4. My little brother ……………………… (not drink) anything at all yesterday.5. I ……………………… (never eat) snails before.

6. ……………… you ……………… (do) your homework last week?

Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple or Present Perfect Simple.

haven’t found

finishedHave seen

didn’t drinkhave never eaten

Did do

1. The boy won / has won the judo competition yesterday.2. When did you return / have you returned from your holiday?3. She knew / has known Melissa since they were babies.4. Mr Smith didn’t sleep / hasn’t slept last night because of the noise.5. He called me last month but I didn’t hear / haven’t heard from him since 2002.6. Did you see / Have you seen Penélope Cruz’s latest film yet?7. They went / have gone skiing two years ago.8. I never ate / have never eaten here before.

Even a woodpecker

owes his success to

the fact that he uses his

head

Even a woodpecker

owes his success to

the fact that he uses his

head

Present perfect

continuous

Present perfect of “to be”

Have beenHas been + V-ing

+

-

?

I have been working

She has been studying

I haven´t been working

She hasn´t been studying

Have you been working ?

Has she been studying ?

Time expressions For a year , since 2002 ,

how long..?

All day / night / week …

Use

An action that started in the past and which still continues in the present.

( llevar + gerundio)

(Como todos los contínuos resalta el tiempo que está durando la acción) She has been working here for 2 years

An action whose results are still apparent. I´m still tired.. I have been studying all night

Past

perfectHad +

V-ed3ª col

+

-

?

I had worked

I hadn´t worked

Had you worked ?

Time expressions Already , by the time, after ,

Before, Until , never , just

Use

A completed action which took place before another action in the past

By the time we arrived at the cinema, the film had already started

Present FuturePastPast Perfect

Past perfect

continuousPast perfect of “to be”

had been + V-ing

+

-

?

I had been

I hadn´t been

Had you been ?

Time expressions For hours , since last year

All morning , when , until , before

Use

Para hablar de una acción prolongada que ocurrió en el pasado antes que otra acción breve también pasada. Suelen ir unidas por una expresiónde tiempo de las del cuadro, o “although” , “because”.

We had been driving for 5 hours when we ran out of petrol.

(llevaba + gerundio)

Complete the passage with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple, Past Continuous or Past Perfect Simple.

Some people won’t drive without their GPS navigational systems, but some people

find this device is ruining their lives. Last month a lorry driver from Slovakia

(1) …………… (get) his truck stuck* while he (2) ……………………… (drive) on a

small country road in Britain. The driver, who (3) ……………………… (arrive) in

Britain only a few hours before, (4) ……………………… (not speak) English and

(5) ……………………… (become) very upset. This was not surprising because he

(6) ……………………… (knock) down an electricity pole* just minutes before.

Similarly, a large lorry (7) ……………………… (break) Dorothea North’s front gate

while it (8) ……………………… (travel) through her small British village, Wedmore.

Both these accidents (9) ……………………… (happen) because the lorry drivers

(10) ……………………… (not watch) where they were going. They

(11) ……………………… (use) their GPS navigational systems instead.

got was driving

had arrived

didn’t speak

became

had knocked

broke

was travelling

happened

weren’t watching

were using

*Get stuck – quedarse clavado / paralizado*Electricity pole – poste d electricidad

Future

TO BE GOING TO + INFINITIVO ( Futuro de intención)

• Para hablar de nuestras intenciones, planes cercanos, o preguntar a otros lo que han pensado hacer en un futuro próximo.Next week I´m going to celebrate my birthday.

• Para hacer predicciones basadas en una evidencia en el momento en que hablamos.

Listen to the wind. It´s going to be a storm.

FUTURE SIMPLE will + inf

• Para expresar decisiones espontáneas en el momento en que hablamos (ofrecimientos, peticiones, promesas, advertencias, amenazas..)

I think you´ll learn this very quickly

The window is open. Don´t worry I´ll close it• Para hacer predicciones basadas en nuestra opinión.

He won´t come.

FUTURE CONTINUOUSFuture de “to be” + V-ing

+

-?

I will be studying

I won´t be studying

Will you be studying ?

Time expressions

At this time, at this time next…

On Thursday , in the next decade

Use

An action in progress at a certain time in the future

At this time next year, I will be studying Law in Madrid

FUTURE perfect Future de “have” +

V-ed3ª col+

-?

I will have studied

I won´t have studied

Will you have studied?

Time expressions By this time next week,

by 10 o´clock…, In three monthsUse

A completed action at a certain time in the future. By the end of June, we will have finished our exams

Choose the correct answer.

1. I … to Paris many times, but this trip is the most exciting. a. have been c. will have been b. had been d.was

2. Tim couldn’t do the homework because he … his books the day before. a. have lost c. didn’t lose b. had lost d. will have lost

3. They had read the book before they … the film. a. saw c. will have seen b. had seen d. has seen

4. By the time you read this letter, I … the country. a. had left c. will have left b. have left d. left

5. He … cooking before he got the job. a. hasn’t studied c. hadn’t studied b. won’t have studied d. didn’t study

A

Jill usually (1) __________ (go) out with her friends on Saturdays, but today she (2)

__________ (not have) time. Last week she (3) __________ (have) a test at school, but

she (4) __________ (not pass) it. So today she (5) __________ (study) for her

exams.

B

At the moment, Billy (6) __________ (talk) to a police officer, because he (7) __________

(see) a traffic accident this morning. A man (8) __________ (drive) too fast when a

dog

(9) __________ (run) into the road. Luckily, the dog (10) __________ (not die).

Complete texts A and B with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the present simple, present continuous, past simple or past continuous.

goes

doesn’t have had

didn’t pass ’s studying

is talking

saw was driving

ran didn’t die

Choose the correct answer

1. So you’re finally here! I waited / have been waiting / had

waited for you since ten o’clock.

2. Why won’t you have come / didn’t you come / haven’t you

come to Sam’s party last night?

3. I’m not hungry. I will have had / have had / have been having

dinner.

4. Dan left the football team because he has been suffering /

had been suffering / has suffered from poor health.

He’s feeling better now and may return.

5. By this time next year, they will have travelled / have

travelled / have been travelling to India.

Complete the sentences with the words in brackets. Use the Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Continuous.

1. Why did you go to the doctor?

Because . (my leg / hurt / all week)

2. Do you like Martin?

I don’t know. I . (just meet / him)

3. Did you go out with Janis yesterday?

No, I . (not see / her / for a week)

4. Why is his electricity bill so high?

Because he

(use / the air conditioner / 24 hours a day)

my leg has been hurting all week

have just met him.

I haven’t seen her for a week

has been using the air conditioner 24 hours a day.

A blackboard.

What is white when it's dirty and black when it's clean ? 

 B (bee)

What letter of the alphabet is an insect?

What letter of the alphabet is a part of the head?

 I (eye) What letter is a

drink? T (tea)

What letter of the alphabet is a body of water?

 C (sea)

What letter is an exclamation ?

 O (oh!)

What comes once in a minute, twice in a moment but not once in a thousand years ?

 the letter

m