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Verb Tense Review Week 2, Wed. 9.2.15
Todd Windisch, Spring 2015
Announcements
• Computer lab on Wednesday: • Building 26B, Room 1555
• First quiz (verb tenses) next Wednesday (9/9)
Today’s Agenda
• Check homework • Finish past tense • Review future tense
**Remember that we will meet in the computer lab on Wednesday!
PAST TENSES
• Past Progressive • Sub + be [was/were] + verb-‐ing • AcQon that was in progress (unfinished) in the past • EXAMPLE: Leland was shopping when the earthquake happened.
• Used a lot with WHEN clauses. • Examples? • Did you get a text message at any Qme today? What were you doing? • Did you remember to do something that you forgot? What were you doing when you remembered?
EG, p. 30, ex. 27
1. was siZng 2. called / wasn’t / was studying 3. didn’t hear / was sleeping 4. was shining / was blowing / were singing 5. were arguing / walked 6. opened / found 7. was reading / fell / closed / snuck 8. Did you hear / wasn’t listening / was thinking 9. was snowing / was shining / were shoveling / was lying
PAST TENSES
• Past Perfect • Sub + had + verb [past parQciple] • Shows events that happened before the simple past • EXAMPLE: Leland went to the grocery store last Friday. Leland had gone to the grocery store several Qmes in the week before.
PAST TENSES
• Past Perfect Progressive • Sub + had + been + verb-‐ing • The acQon started before the simple past and is sQll occurring at the Qme of the simple past
• EXAMPLE: Leland drove to the grocery store last Friday. He had been driving for 15 minutes when another car hit his car.
SIMPLE PAST/PAST PERFECT
• Which acQon came first? Place the sentences together with the simple past and past perfect.
• I did not have any money. I lost my wallet. (because) • ChrisQne never went to an opera. She went to an opera last night. (before) • We were not able to get a hotel room. We did not book a room in advance. (because)
• We had the car for ten years. It broke down. (when) • Jim and Jennifer graduated from high school. They knew each other for three years. (by the Qme)
• Kim Kardashian married Kanye West. She was married two Qmes before. (when)
SIMPLE PAST/PAST PERFECT
• More pracQce? • hep://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbs11.htm
THE FUTURE!
• Simple future • Sub + will + verb [base form] • Sub + be going to + verb [base form]
SIMPLE FUTURE: WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE? • What‘s the difference between “will” and “be going to”? • Use “will” when to express a future acQon that has been decided at the moment of speaking or facts/things we believe to be true about the future.
• We usually use “be going to” to talk about a future situaQon that is planned or already developing.
• hep://www.englishgrammarsecrets.com/goingtoorwill/exercise5.html
SIMPLE TENSES & THE FUTURE
• The simple present and present progressive are also used to express the future!
• We need something else in the sentence though to make the tense clear. What is it?
• TIME MARKERS! • Ex. We leave on Saturday at 8:00PM. • Ex. We’re traveling to Japan in August. • NOTE: The future tense works fine here as well!
EG, p. 60, ex. 1 1. Future 2. Future 3. Present 4. Future 5. Future 6. Present 7. Present 8. Future 9. Future 10. Present
Grammar Terms
• What is a clause? • A clause in English contains a subject and a verb!
• There are two types of clauses in English: independent & dependent
• IND: She went to the mall. • DEP: A6er she went to the mall, she ate lunch.
• What is a phrase? • A phrase in English does not contain a subject and a verb
• There are many types of phrases in English: preposiQonal, adverbial, verb, etc.
• She went to the mall a6er the movies.
• Both of her friends like shopping.
DEPENDENT/INDEPENDENT CLAUSES • What’s the difference between the two? • How do we know which is which?
• SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS! • Aqer, before, because, even if/though, if, once, since, though, unless, unQl, where, whether, while, etc.
• How does this affect the future?
TWO FUTURE CLAUSES
• When talking about two separate acQons in the future: • Use “will” or “be going to” in the independent clause • Use the simple present in the dependent clause
• Examples: • We’re going to rent a car when we get to Italy.
• Which clause is which? • We’ll head to the movies as soon as that slowpoke Steven shows up.
• Look at EG, p. 67, ex. 14 for more examples
PRACTICE
• As soon as Nancy __________ (arrive) in Paris, she ______________ (find) an inexpensive place to stay.
• They __________ (take) a train to Rome when they _____________ (finish) touring.
• Before they ___________ (fly) back, they __________ (buy) souvenirs.
• John _________ (eat) a lot in Vegas before he _________ (drive) to the Grand Canyon.
PRACTICE / ANSWERS
• As soon as Nancy arrives in Paris, she is going to find an inexpensive place to stay.
• They are going to take a train to Rome when they finish touring. • Before they fly back, they’ll buy souvenirs. • John is going to eat a lot in Vegas before he drives to the Grand Canyon.
FUTURE PROGRESSIVE
• Future Progressive • Sub + will be + verb-‐ing • Sub + is/are going to be + verb-‐ing • Use to express an acQon that will be in progress in the future OR use to informally talk about a future intenQon.
• EXAMPLE: Leland is going to be going to the grocery store for the rest of his life!
• What are we going to be doing in class next week? • What’re you going to be doing tomorrow/this week?
FUTURE PERFECT & PERFECT PROGRESSIVE • Future perfect
• Sub + will have + verb [past parQciple] • Event that will happen before a certain Qme in the future. • EXAMPLE: Leland will have gone to the grocery store 6,543,212 Qmes by the Qme he dies.
• The future perfect is oVen used with “by” and “by the Yme”
• What will have happened by the end of the semester?
FUTURE PERFECT PRACTICE
• In pairs, discuss some things that you will have or won’t have done by the Qmes listed below:
• By 10:00pm tonight • By Friday • By next Thursday • By December • By next year
• Can you think of other examples?
FUTURE PERFECT & PROGRESSIVE
• Future perfect progressive • Sub + will have been + verb-‐ing • Very rare • The future perfect progressive emphasizes the duraGon of an acQvity that will be in progress in the future
• Also used with “By the Qme…” or “By...” • Ex. By Christmas, I will have been saving for several months.
• Because it emphasizes duraQon, it is also oqen used with “for” and “since”
EG, p. 6, ex. 11 1. Studies 2. Is studying 3. Studied 4. Was studying 5. Will study / is going to study 6. Will be studying / is going to be studying 7. Has already studied 8. Had already studied 9. Will already have studied 10. Has been studying 11. Had been studying 12. Will have been studying
DCS, p. 20, “The Process of Writing”
• We will go through two steps of the wriQng process together in class today: pre-‐wriYng and draVing
Formatting
• FormaZng your essay is important • What is formaZng?
• The arrangement/design/appearance of your essay on paper • Examples: font type, font size, margins, Qtle, student name, etc.
Formatting
• I’m going to be very strict about it because many professors will not accept an inappropriately formaeed essay
• You should always ask your professor what type of formaZng they like, but, in general, these are safe bets:
• Size 12 Times New Roman font • 1 inch margins on all sides (this is automaQc on Word) • Everything double spaced **0pt “BEFORE” & “AFTER” SPACING** • Student name and name of class in the top right corner • Title centered • Don’t forget to indent every paragraph!
HOMEWORK
• When I assign homework from English Grammar, there is a specific way I would like you to do your homework:
• Complete the homework on a separate sheet of paper (not in your book) • Correct your own homework using the answer key in the back of the book • Try to understand why you got the answer wrong; if you cannot find out why, make a note and ask me during class
• Tonight’s homework: • Chapter 4: Ex 11, 15. & 25 • Chapter 5: Ex 1, 9, & 13