VENTRICLES &VASCULAR SUPPLY

Bernelda Thomas, Nicole Vaughn, & Angelica Wiggins

Question 1

1. The brain receives its blood supply from two arterial systems, the ___________ and ____________.

a. Carotid and Anterior Spinal Arteryb. Carotid and Vertebral Basilarc. Posterior and Anterior Spinal Arteryd. Vertebral Basilar Artery and Posterior Spinal

Artery

Answer: The brain receives its blood supply from two arterial systems, the B. Carotid and Vertebral Basilar

The brain receives its blood supply from two arterial systems, the carotid and vertebral basilar arteries. They join the Circle of Willis at the base of the brain.

Question 2

2. Infarction to the Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery may result in _____________.

a. Bell’s Palsyb. Aphasiac. Dysmetriad. Wallenberg’s Syndrome

Answer: Infarction to the Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery may result in D. Wallenberg’s Syndrome

Infarction to PICA may result in Wallenberg’s or PICA syndrome.

There is a loss of pain/temperature sensation from side of the face ipsilateral (same side) to the lesion along with loss of pain/temperature from side of body contralateral (opposite side) to the side of the lesion.

Other clinical symptoms and findings are ataxic motor disorder, dysarthria (slurred speech), and dysphagia.

Along with facial pain, vertigo, nystagmus, and diplopia (double vision).

Question 3

3. Blockage to the __________ can result in contralateral hemiplegia, sensory impairments, involuntary movements, aphasia, contructional apraxia, temporospatial deficits, and reading/writing deficits.

a. Anterior Cerebellar Arteryb. Middle Cerebellar Arteryc. Posterior Cerebellar Arteryd. Superior Cerebellar Artery

Answer: B. Middle Cerebellar Artery

Blockage of the MCA results in contralateral hemiplegia and sensory impairments, involuntary movements, aphasia, constructional apraxia, temporospatial deficits, and reading/writing deficits.

Question 4

4. The ___________ and __________ are two arteries that branch off from the Basilar Artery.

a. Internal Carotid Artery and Anterior Spinal Arteryb. Posterior Cerebellar Artery and Internal

Auditory Arteryc. Posterior Cerebellar Artery and Posterior

Communicating Arteryd. Posterior Spinal Artery and Anterior Cerebellar

Arteries

Answer: The ___________ and __________ are two arteries that branch off from the Basilar Artery.

B. Posterior Cerebellar Artery and Internal Auditory Artery

An important branch of the basilar artery is the Internal Auditory Artery that supplies the cochlea and the vestibular apparatus.

The basilar artery also forms the Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA) at its junction with the Circle of Willis

ALSO… Just at the junction where the two vertebral arteries join to the form the Basilar artery, emerges the anterior inferior Cerebellar arteries

Question 5

5. Constructional Apraxia is caused by lesions of the _____________.

a. Left Parietal Lobeb. Anterior 1/3 of the Frontal Lobec. Right Parietal Lobed. Right Temporal Lobe

Answer: Constructional Apraxia is caused by lesions of the C. Right Parietal Lobe

Constructional apraxia is caused by lesions of the right hemisphere, particularly the right parietal lobe.

The primary deficit in constructional apraxia appears to involve the ability to perceive and imagine geometrical relations.

Question 6

6. Interruption of blood circulation in the _____________ results in paralysis of the legs and feet.

a. Anterior Cerebellar Arteryb. Middle Cerebellar Arteryc. Posterior Cerebellar Arteryd. Superior Cerebellar Artery

Answer: Interruption of blood circulation in the A. Anterior Cerebellar Artery results in paralysis of the legs and feet.

Interruption of blood circulation in the ACA results in paralysis of the legs and feet and prefrontal lobe symptoms

Question 7

7. The middle cerebral artery supplies blood to all of the following areas of the brain except for the __________.

a. Lateral Surface of the Occipital b. Lateral Surface of the Frontal Lobec. Lateral Surface of the Parietal Lobed. Lateral Surface of the Temporal Lobe

Answer: The middle cerebral artery supplies blood to all of the following areas of the brain except for the

A. Lateral Surface of the Occipital Lobe

The MCA supplies the lateral surfaces of frontal, parietal and temporal lobe.

Question 8

8. Which one of the following statements is true?

a. There are two main divisions of the vertebral artery.

b. The external carotid artery is a major source of blood for the brain.

c. The vertebral basilar artery connects to the Circle of Willis at two different points.

d. The internal carotid artery joins the Circle of Willis and divides into two cortical arteries.

Answer: D. The Internal Carotid Artery joins the Circle of Willis and divides into two cortical arteries.

The Internal carotid artery joins the Circle of Willis and divides into two cortical arteries – Anterior cerebral artery (ACA) Middle cerebral artery (MCA)

Question 9

9. The _____________ connects the two anterior cerebellar arteries.

a. Anterior Communicating Arteryb. Anterior Spinal Arteryc. Posterior Cerebellar Arteryd. Posterior Communicating Artery

Answer: A. Anterior Communicating Artery

The anterior communicating artery

connects the two anterior cerebral arteries.

Question 10

10. One important function of the ___________ is to protect the brain from foreign substances in the blood that may injure the brain.

a. Internal and External Carotid Arteriesb. Circle of Willisc. Blood-Brain Barrierd. Meninges

Answer: B. Blood Brain Barrier

The BBB has several important functions: Protects the brain from "foreign substances" in

the blood that may injure the brain. Protects the brain from hormones and

neurotransmitters in the rest of the body. Maintains a constant environment for the brain.

Question 11

11. Ischemic strokes are typically caused by all of the following except ___________.

a. Stenosisb. Aneurysmsc. Thrombusd. Embolus

Answer: Ischemic strokes are typically caused by all of the following except B. Aneurysms.

Ischemic strokes are most commonly caused by: a thrombus – a blood clot formed within the vessel an embolus – a bit of foreign matter, such as a

plaque, that is carried along in the bloodstream from somewhere else

stenosis – constriction or narrowing of an artery in the head or neck

An aneurysm is a balloon-like swelling of the arterial walls that can cause damage by compressing brain structures and by rupturing the subarachnoid space.

Question 12

12. What is one condition that can disrupt the Blood-Brain Barrier?

a. Diabetesb. Hydrocephalusc. Antibioticsd. Trauma

Answer: What is one condition that can disrupt the Blood-Brain Barrier? D. Trauma

The Blood-Brain Barrier can be disrupted by a variety of conditions, such as hypertension, microwaves and radiation, infection, trauma, ischemia, inflammation, and pressure.

Question 13

13. A(n) ____________ results from the rupturing of the small perforating arteries.

a. Embolusb. Transient Ischemic Attackc. Hemorrhaged. Infection

Answer: A C. Hemorrhage results from the rupture of the small perforating arteries.

The risks of a

hemorrhage are greatly increased by hypertension

Question 14

14. The ___________ forms three cavities as it covers the brain, called dural extensions.

a. Pia Materb. Arachnoidc. Dura Materd. None of the above

Answer: The C. Dura Mater forms three cavities as it covers the brain, called dural extensions.

The dura mater forms three cavities, called dural extensions, as it covers the brain: Falx cerebri – is the largest of the dural extensions

and it projects into the longitudinal fissure that separates the two cerebral hemispheres.

Tentorium Cerebelli - Separates the cerebellum from the inferior portion of the occipital lobes.

Falx Cerebelli - is a small triangular extension of the tentorium cerebelli that separates the two cerebellar hemispheres.

Question 15

15. The _____________ separates the cerebellum from the inferior portion of the occipital lobes.

a. Tentorium Cerebellib. Subarachnoid Spacec. Falx Cerebellid. Falx Cerebri

Answer: The A. Tentorium Cerebelli separates the cerebellum from the inferior portion of the occipital lobes.

Question 16

16. The arachnoid membrane is separated from the dura mater by the ____________ space.

a. Subarachnoidb. Subduralc. Epidurald. Periosteal

Answer: The arachnoid membrane is separated from the dura mater by the B. Subdural space.

The arachnoid membrane is separated from the dura mater by the subdural space. This is where the arachnoid villi are located, which drain CSF back into the ventricular system.

Question 17

17. Which statement below is correct about the subarachnoid space?

a. Is filled with CSF.b. Drains the CSF back into the ventricular

system.c. Is a vascular membrane.d. Follows the brain contour and is closely

attached to the brain tissue.

Answer: Which statement below is correct about the

subarachnoid space? A. Is filled with CSF.

CSF is produced in the ventricular system by the choroid plexus. It circulates from the ventricles to the subarachnoid space around the CNS.

Question 18

18. The spinal cord is not covered by the ________.

a. Dura materb. Pia materc. Internal meningeal layerd. External periosteal layer

Answer: The spinal cord is not covered by the _______. D. External periosteal layer

There are two sets of duramater. One that covers the brain and another that covers the spinal cord. The duramater that covers the brain has two layers—external periosteal and internal meningeal. The duramater that covers the spinal cord is single layered and does not have a periosteal layer.

Question 19

19. Which statement is incorrect about the pia mater?

a. It is collagenous.b. Blood vessels penetrate it.c. It is the innermost membrane.d. Has villi to drain the CSF back into the

ventricular system.

Answer: Which statement is not correct about the pia mater membrane of the brain? D. Has villi to drain the CSF back into the ventricular system.

The above answer applies to the arachnoid membrane of the brain. The arachnoid contains projections known as arachnoid villi which drain the CSF back into the ventricular system.

Question 20

20. What is the most common purpose of a lumbar puncture/spinal tap?

a. To check for meningitisb. To insert medicine to treat for an

infectionc. To release pressure in the duramaterd. To screen for increased intracranial

pressure

Answer: What is the most common purpose of a lumbar puncture/spinal tap? A. To check for meningitis

Question 21

21. The floor of the lateral ventricles is formed by the _________.

a. Basal Gangliab. Corpus Callosumc. Thalamusd. Third Ventricle

Answer: The floor of the lateral ventricles is formed by the

________. C. Thalamus

Question 22

22. The cerebral aqueduct connects the _________ to the __________.

a. Third ventricle to the fourth ventricleb. Right lateral ventricle to the left lateral

ventriclec. Lateral ventricles to the third ventricled. Fourth ventricle to the intraventricular

foramen

Answer: The cerebral aqueduct connects the A. Third ventricle to the fourth ventricle

Question 23

23. All of the following allow CSF to circulate around the CNS and in the canal of the spinal cord except:

a. Foramen of Magendieb. Foramina of Monroc. Two lateral foramina of Luschkad. None of the above

Answer: All of the following except one allows CSF to circulate around the CNS and in the

central canal of the spinal cord. B. Foramina of Monro

The foramina of Monro acts as a communication point between the lateral ventricles and the third ventricle.

Question 24

24. CSF is/does which of the following?

a. An absolute barrierb. Prevents most blood-borne toxins from

entering the brainc. Prevents alcohol from coming throughd. Causes meningitis

Answer: CSF is/does which of the following? B. Prevents most blood-borne toxins from entering the brain.

Although CSF prevents the entrance of most blood-borne toxins, it is not an absolute barrier. Nutrients such as oxygen and harmful substances such as alcohol and nicotine can enter.

Question 25

25. The primary function of the ventricular system is to _____________.

a. Provide moisture for the brain.b. Provide a safety mechanism if an artery

is blocked.c. Provide cushion for the brain and spinal

cord during rapid body movements.d. Circulate cerebrospinal fluid.

Answer: The primary function of the ventricular system is to D. Circulate CSF

The circulation of CSF is essential because it bathes and cushions the brain and spinal cord in case of sudden, high impact body movements.