ventilator sharing during an acute shortage from …...2020/06/16 · ventilator sharing during an...
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Ventilator Sharing during an Acute Shortage from the Covid‐19 Epicenter in New York
Jeremy R. Beitler, MD, MPHCenter for Acute Respiratory FailureColumbia University / New York‐Presbyterian Hospital June 16, 2020
• Funding sources:• NIH K23HL133489• NIH R21HL145506
• Unrelated disclosures:• Hamilton Medical (speaker fees for educational conference)• Sedana Medical (consulting)
Disclosures
• Context: the experience on the frontlines
• Acute ventilator shortages
• Avoiding a replay of New York
Overview
Spring in New YorkI have never seen war,but I imagine it much like New York today:a perpetual plungeinto panic, hyperarousal, and dismay.
Central Park field hospital,Manhattan (Image: ABC News)
Streets are empty. Stores are shuttered.Subway’s desolate. Broadway’s dark.Field hospitals best the spring bloomfor the eye’s attention in city parks.
We care for critical colleaguesunconscious and near death,who may forebode our shared fatein their last agonal breaths.
Washington Heights, Manhattan(Image: Personal photo)
CU Soccer Stadium, ManhattanImage: Columbia University
Face the fragility of our fleshnot together, but alone,for families we’ll never meet,stories never told.
CU Soccer Stadium conversion to hospital, ManhattanImage: Turner Construction
Outside Bellevue Hospital, Manhattan (Image: NY Post)
Hundreds die here every day,too many for the morgues, sobodies pile in refrigeratedtrucks outside the wards.
Patients die abruptlyand alone because they mustto stop spread of the contagionas our protective gear exhaust.
Outside Jacobi Hospital, Bronx (Image: NY Post)
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We do our best with what we have,but our best thereof,does not change the factthat we alone are not enough.
CUIMC Ambulance Bay, Manhattan(Image: Personal photo)
Help’s not coming in force.So, is this the end of our arc?Or can our best be enoughfor you, New York?
CUIMC Main Entrance, Manhattan (Image: Personal photo)
Our hospital network normally has:• ~2600 inpatient beds• ~350 ICU beds
(across 9 hospitals)
NYP‐Columbia’s main hospital:• Normal ICU capacity: ~110 beds
• Peak Covid ICU census: >230 patients
• Intubated Covid‐ARDS patients in:• Operating rooms• Cardiac cath lab• Newly converted stepdown beds• Adjacent children’s hospital• Field hospital• ER converted to ICU
12First SARS‐CoV‐2 case in all of NYS was identified on March 1
Hospital Total Admits Total Disch Total Deaths % Deaths of Admits
NYP Allen 817 756 180 22.0%
NYP Brooklyn Methodist 1,453 1,298 385 26.5%
NYP Columbia Univ 2,045 1,765 443 21.7%
NYP Hudson Valley 352 324 97 27.6%
NYP Lawrence 595 533 120 20.2%
NYP Lower Manhattan 384 360 74 19.3%
NYP Morgan Stanley Children’s 241 216 1 0.4%
NYP Queens 2,232 2,084 577 25.9%
NYP Weill Cornell 1,447 1,181 222 15.3%
NYP‐WD 60 44 0 0%
TOTAL (NewYork‐Presbyterian) 9,626 8,561 2,099 21.8%13* Data through May 10, 2020. Deaths may lag due to delayed reporting.
COVID19‐Positive Admissions through May 10
Shifting Standards of Care with Covid Surge
Best Practice
Crisis StandardsThe best you can do given the resources, staff, & context
March 23, 2020
“Oversight Intensivist”
“ICU Lead”
Image adapted from SCCM, Gist Healthcare, and Ontario Health Plan for an Influenza Pandemic Work Group
15 15 15
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Ventilator Shortages Considerations:• Size• Monitoring• Alarms• PEEP
• Exhalation valve• CO2• Staffing• Contact isolationFull‐feature ICU
Anesthesia machine
LTV
NIV
Context…
Mar 18, 2020 – New York Times
Mar 17, 2020 – New York Times
April 2, 2020 – New York Times
What Happens When No Ventilators are Left?… and you still have multiple potentially rescuable patients?
What Happens When No Ventilators are Left?
March 26, 2020
… and you still have multiple potentially rescuable patients?
Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
Mar 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
22 23 24 25 26 27 28
29 30 31 Apr 1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Timeline for Ventilator Sharing“I don’t think this can be done safely but will explore.”
Dire predictions of imminent city‐wide ventilator
rationing
Protocol public via GNYHA
Vent‐sharing launch
NYS+ethicsapproval, open OR‐as‐ICU
Dress rehearsal with leadership
Test protocol on anesth. machine
Develop strategy at bench
Call re: feasibility
Write protocol, get feedback
Write protocol
Call BTT in panic
Multi‐society condemnation
Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
Mar 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
22 23 24 25 26 27 28
29 30 31 Apr 1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Timeline for Ventilator Sharing“I don’t think this can be done safely but will explore.”
Dire predictions of imminent city‐wide ventilator
rationing
EHR scale‐upProtocol public via GNYHA
Vent‐sharing launch
NYS+ethicsapproval, open OR‐as‐ICU
HHS wide dissemination
Leadership: ready to scale
Dress rehearsal with leadership
Test protocol on anesth. machine
Develop strategy at bench
Call re: feasibility
Write protocol, get feedback
Write protocol
Call BTT in panic
Multi‐society condemnation but HHS private support
Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
Mar 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
22 23 24 25 26 27 28
29 30 31 Apr 1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Timeline for Ventilator Sharing“I don’t think this can be done safely but will explore.”
Dire predictions of imminent city‐wide ventilator
rationing
EHR scale‐upProtocol public via GNYHA
Vent‐sharing launch
NYS+ethicsapproval, open OR‐as‐ICU
HHS wide dissemination
Leadership: ready to scale
Dress rehearsal with leadership
Test protocol on anesth. machine
Develop strategy at bench
Call re: feasibility
Write protocol, get feedback
Write protocol
Call BTT in panic
Multi‐society condemnation but HHS private support
Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
Mar 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
22 23 24 25 26 27 28
29 30 31 Apr 1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Timeline for Ventilator Sharing“I don’t think this can be done safely but will explore.”
Dire predictions of imminent city‐wide ventilator
rationing
Building more OR‐as‐ICU spaceMultiple academic centers around US adopt protocol
EHR scale‐upProtocol public via GNYHA
Local ventilator supply starts to improve
Vent‐sharing launch
NYS+ethicsapproval, open OR‐as‐ICU
HHS wide dissemination
Leadership: ready to scale
Dress rehearsal with leadership
Test protocol on anesth. machine
Develop strategy at bench
Call re: feasibility
Write protocol, get feedback
Write protocol
Call BTT in panic
Multi‐society condemnation but HHS private support
Surge peaks next week
Before proceeding…• New York Governor executive order• Initiative directed by hospital leadership• Hospital ethics committee approval• Hospital IRB concurrence that not research
• Consent: obtained with explicit acknowledgement that it would benefit society but not directly benefit the patient until/unless ventilator supply exhausted
• Rationale: Gain some experience in controlled setting…• To determine if a realistic option• To permit rapid scaling when necessary• To plan movement of patients & ventilators throughout city
Public Health Initiative
Full protocol online at:protocols.nyp.org
Ventilator Sharing
• The greatest danger lies in the simplicity of the configuration.
• The plumbing is simple. Safe execution requires careful patient selection & management by intensivists with appropriate expertise adhering to a pre‐planned protocol.
• Pressure‐control: Mechanical change in 1 patient doesn’t affect other• Paralytics: Prevent patient triggering & between‐patient pendelluft• Patient‐specific inline monitors & alarms• Medical‐grade supplies• Redundant safety checks throughout protocol• Infection control: multiple antimicrobial filters, pathogen‐matched• Compatibility criteria: ensure both patients fully supported with settings
… and many others
Key Safety Measures
InitialCompatibilityCriteria
• Once a potentially compatible pair identified:• Deep sedation & paralysis• Initiate PCV in each patient• Match patients on PEEP & FiO2
• Match driving pressure, inspiratory time, & RR
• Safety checks at several steps• Minute‐volume within ± 2 liters/min of baseline• Auto‐PEEP < 5 cm H2O• SpO2 and ABG within specified ranges• Set ventilator to be shared to same settings with test lungs to confirm circuit function before transitioning patients
Match Ventilator Settings Before Sharing
Video at: https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/suppl/10.1164/rccm.202005‐1586LEBeitler et al. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020. In press.
1st PairLessons Learned
• Anesthesia machine• CO2 absorbent• Alarm limits• Compliant extension tubing
• Staff familiarity
• PCV with HMEF
2nd PairLessons Learned
• Compatibility• Stability• ∆P on NMB
• ICU ventilator superior
3rd PairLessons Learned
• EHR‐based screening
Ventilator Allocation Schema
• The premise that there are not enough intensivists or ventilators to care for surges in the US is flawed
• We are a big country with a geographically dispersed population
• Surges are unlikely to happen in all high‐population areas simultaneously
• Acute staff & equipment shortages are the direct result of fragmentation
These Crises Should NOT Happen in US
• Coordinated movement• Of patients to areas of resources
(local/regional)• Of resources to areas of need• Of HCWs to areas of need
• Interstate collaboration• Hospitals• Professional societies
• NYS took a positive 1st step• Daily bed & ventilator reporting to NYS• Recurring calls among hospital & ICU leaders
• … but it’s not nearly enough
From Many Healthcare Networks, One Health System?
• Covid‐19 surge put NYC healthcare system on brink of collapse• PPE, physical space, ED/ICU staff, & ventilators
• Ventilator shortages can arise very quickly during epidemic wave
• Ventilator‐sharing could be a stop‐gap to buy time for relocating resources… if done:• in pre‐planned fashion• with well‐matched patients• in centers with appropriate expertise
• More coordination would save more lives
Conclusions
Thank you.Questions?
Ventilator‐sharing protocol & training video: protocols.nyp.org
Initial patient series: Beitler JR et al. Ventilator sharing during an acute shortage caused by the Covid‐19 pandemic. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020. Epub ahead of print.