velvet longhorned beetle status in the united...

2017 NPB Annual Meeting13-17 AUG 2017, Savannah, GA

Velvet Longhorned Beetle Status in the United States

Scott Pfister, S&T Otis Laboratory DirectorRicardo Valdez, PDEP National Policy Manager

Agenda• Biology

– Distribution– Behavior– Hosts (Living & Dry Wood)– Pest Status

• VLB Port Interceptions & Domestic Detections – Port Interceptions

• Port Intercept Project– Domestic Detections / Interceptions

• Traps & Lures – Current Recommendation– Trichoferone

• Survey Plans via CAPS • Regulatory Status • Import Pathway • Question and Answer

Velvet Longhorned Beetle: Tricoferus campestris

• Taxonomy: Previously Hesperophanes campestrisChinese longhorned beetle, mulberry longhorned beetle

• Distribution: Native to Asia and Russia; established throughout Europe and in UT & IL

• Behavior: Prefer to feed on wood near cambium; can live in dry wood and take >2 years to emerge. Adults emerge in Jun – Aug; attracted to lights at night. Hardiness zones 1-9

• Living Hosts include Apple, cherry and mulberry; also birch, honey locust, spruce, pine and willow

• Dry Wood Host range includes 30+ families (conifers and hardwoods.• Pest Status: Considered pest of stored timber in Japan, but known to

attack stressed trees there, as well as China– Reports of attacking healthy trees in Russia, but not regulated in

Europe due to low impact– Uncertainty in regards to severity of attack on living healthy hosts

VLB Port Interceptions & Domestic Detections

Port Interceptions• First detection 1997 (Seattle),

then 1998 in NJ• 44 interceptions at 13 ports• 26 interceptions since 2012 as

part of Port intercept project• On Poplar and Pine

Domestic Detections / Inland Interceptions• Detected in 14 States

• Majority caught in traps near residential & commercial sites

• Bathtubs in IL & NY• Established in UT & IL

0

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15

20

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US ports of entry

Port Interceptions

Port Interceptions

• PestID system listed 44 separate interceptions– 60 insects (40 larvae, 1 pupa, 19 adults)

• 35 of the 44 interceptions were in WPM– 22 had ISPM-15 stamp, 5 had no marks signifying treatment, 8 had no

information

• Majority of WPM was associated with stone (40%) and metal products (34%)– Other pathways included passenger baggage and wood products

• China was the origin for 85% of interceptions– Other countries included Brazil, Italy, Mexico, Spain, South Korea

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Inspected hosts

Brazil China Italy Mexico Spain South Korea

Not WPM

Port Interceptions Countries of origin of cargo and WPM-associated commodities

Domestic Detections / Inland Interceptions

• Arkansas (1 County)– 2016: 4 live adults from furniture (Marshall)

• California (1 County)– 2014: 1 live adult from willow planter (San Diego)

• Colorado (1 County)– 2010: 1 live adult in light trap in residential neighborhood (Larimer)– 2012: 1 live adult in funnel trap at industrial recycling site (Larimer)

• Delaware (1 County)– 2011: 1 dead adult in funnel trap at pallet and dunnage yard (New Castle)– 2013: 1 dead adult in black light trap in warehouse (New Castle)

• Florida (1 County)– 1992: 1 adult in light trap in residential neighborhood (Leon)


• Illinois (5 Counties)– Established by consensus: 11 specimens from 4 different counties since 2009. At two

locations there were repeat catches. Since trap / lures are not particularly effective (different lures used), the assumption is that there are a lot more beetles around.

– No exits holes or other signs of infestation ever observed.

– 2008: 1 live adult found in wood sculpture within a residence (Lake)– 2009: 1 dead adult in funnel trap at commercial landscape (Cook)– 2010: 1 dead adult in trap at commercial landscape (DuPage)– 2010: 1 dead adult in trap at commercial landscape (Crawford)– 2011: 1 dead adult in trap at commercial landscape (DuPage)– 2011: 1 dead adult in trap at commercial landscape (Crawford)– 2012: 1 dead adult in trap at same location as 2010 (Crawford)– 2013: 1 dead adult in trap at commercial landscape (DuPage)– 2013: 1 dead adult collected in residential bath tub (Cook)– 2014: 1 dead adult in trap at rail road corridor (Cook)– 2016: 1 adult collected, other factors unknown (Kendall)


• Minnesota (1 County)– 2010: 1 dead adult in funnel trap at wood recycling center (Hennepin)– 2015: 1 dead adult in funnel trap at commercial landscape(Hennepin)– 2016: 1 live larva and 1 live adult in furniture (Hennepin)– 2016: 4 live adults and dozens of larvae from furniture (Hennepin)

• Wisconsin (1 County)– 2016: 6 live adults from furniture in residence

2016 Furniture Infestation in MN & WI

• VLB was detected in hickory style, bark on furniture sold in MN and WI in 2016

• In the summer of 2016, a cabin owner in WI had purchased 21 pieces in 2015. The cabin owner also purchased furniture for a cabin in Brainerd, MN.

• The owner noticed frass, exit holes, and gnawing sounds in furniture. 6 VLB adults emerged from WI furniture; dozens of larvae extracted from MN furniture.

• In September 2016 APHIS worked with states to pick up all the furniture from the cabins and it was incinerated.


• New Jersey (2 Counties)– 1999: Live adult(s)? in a warehouse (Middlesex)– 2007: 1 live adult in wood product (Burlington)– 2013: 1 live adult in wood product (Burlington)

• New York (1 County)– 2013: 1 dead adult from bathtub on residential property (Westchester)– 2015: 1 live adult from black light trap at marshaling yard (Westchester)– 2016: 1 live adult from black intercept panel at same marshaling yard – 2016: 1 live adult from black intercept panel on same residential property as 2013

– 2017: 10 trichoferone baited traps placed in Westchester county for delimitation


• Ohio (4 Counties)– 2009: 1 dead adult found in a warehouse (Hamilton)– 2009: 1 dead adult in black light trap in a warehouse (Franklin)– 2010: 1 dead adult in black light trap in a warehouse (Cuyahoga)– 2010: 1 live adult ‘associated with cargo’ in warehouse (Hamilton)– 2012: 1 dead adult in black light trap in warehouse (Franklin)– 2013: 1 dead adult in black light trap in a warehouse (Hamilton)– 2014: 1 dead adult in black light trap in warehouse (Hamilton)– 2017: 3 dead adults in black intercept panel traps in state park (Clermont)

• Two traps placed baited with trichoferone• East Fork State Park has the notoriety to be the home of ALB, EAB and now VLB

• Pennsylvania (2 Counties)– 2015: Personal communication from Lingafelter, no further info (Allegheny)– 2016: 1 live adult in trichoferone baited black intercept panel trap (Carbon)

• Rhode Island (1 County)– 1 live adult from finished wood product at Walmart (Washington)

Domestic Detections

• Utah– Established in 4 counties (Davis, Salt Lake, Utah, Tooele)– Reproducing populations in fruit orchard and golf course– Between 2013 and present, this beetle has been found infesting and completing

development on live cherry and peach trees– The cherry trees were 80 years old and also infested with peach tree borer and

peach twig borer– Ongoing studies to determine severity in living hosts and pheromone development

Traps & Lures – Current Recommendation

• Adults have been caught in black light traps and multi-funnel traps with a variety of lures

• Current recommendation• Black Intercept Panel Trap

• Hung as high in the canopy as possible• Lures: Ultra high release ethanol (UHR; 0.5 mg/day)• All traps treated with Fluon®

Traps & Lures – Pheromone Development

• Pheromone under development (Trichoferone)• Male produced pheromone found in 2015• Small quantities are being formulated by cooperator

at UC Riverside• Cooperative project between PPQ, Xavier University and UC Riverside

• 2016 field work in Utah demonstrated attractiveness over existing lures (e.g. ethanol) and controls

• 2017 limited field work in Utah is focusing on loading rate• Limited commercial production of Pheromone will be available in 2018 for testing in 4-5

states, although the parameters for use will likely be conservative (ie: change lure often)• Field work will focus on loading rates & longevity of lure

2017 Dose Response

Survey Plans via CAPS

In 2018:• Visual and black light traps methods will be removed as approved methods• Cross vane panel traps and ethanol lure will remain.• APHIS-PPQ-CPHST will conduct additional pheromone trials with the intention to

have pheromone incorporated into approved methods for 2019.

Regulatory Status

• Pest under evaluation.• Retain reportable/actionable status.• Better definition of ‘unknowns’.

Imported Raw Wood Products Pathway

• PPQ is in concurrence with the concerns expressed in the 2016 NPB Resolution No. 2

• PPQ will focus on: – increasing compliance with existing regulations;– revising Misc. and Processed Product Manual for greater clarity;– updating frequently asked questions (FAQs) on website for wooden

handicrafts;– maintaining list of approved manufacturers from China.

Imported Raw Wood Products Pathway (…cont.)

• PPQ and CBP are currently piloting a special operation that targets previous violators of wood products regulations.

• PPQ PIM sent letters to China regarding investigations of fraudulent phytosanitary certificates.

• APHIS is developing ePhyto system to reduce fraud with certificates.

Acknowledgments

UC RiversideJocelyn Miller

NY Dept. of Food & MarketsChris LogueFrank Buccello

Post-doc (XU/USDA)Sindhu Krishnankutty

Technicians (XU/USDA)Everett BoothEmily Franzen

USDA-APHISJoe FranceseBaode WangDamon CrookDave CowanTanya DockrayLeslie NewtonDavid BednarTara Holtz

UT Dept. of Ag. and FoodJoey CaputoMena DavidsonDan Gralley

PA Dept. of Ag.Sven Spichiger

Xavier UniversityAnnie Ray

WI Dept. of Ag.Brian Kuehn

MN Dept. of Ag.Geir Friisoe

velvet longhorned beetle status in the united...

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