vehicular pollution at indore

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Vehicular Pollution at Indore city Dr. Gunwant Joshi Scientist M.P.Pollution Control Board Indore

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Page 1: Vehicular Pollution At Indore

Vehicular Pollution at

Indore city

Dr. Gunwant JoshiScientist

M.P.Pollution Control BoardIndore

Page 2: Vehicular Pollution At Indore

What is Pollution Pollution is undesirable change in the quality of our Environment (Land, Water & Air) that adversely affects Human Life, Our Property, Trade & Commerce, Industries and the Life of the Desired Species of Plants and Animals

DefinesAir Pollutants : Solids, Liquids, or Gas ( including Noise) present in Atmosphere in such concentrations as may be, or tend to be injurious to humans, other living creatures, plants, property or the environment.

Air Pollution : Presence of Pollutants in Atmosphere

Page 3: Vehicular Pollution At Indore

Vehicular Pollution is caused by

1.Emissions from Vehicle tail pipes

2. Crank Case emissions

3. Fugitive emissions from fuel tanks

Page 4: Vehicular Pollution At Indore

Automobile Pollutants

Source / Pollutants SPM SO2 NOx CO HC Lead

Petrol Automobile - ++ ++ ++++ ++++ +++

Diesel Automobile +++ ++ ++++ - - -

++ ++ + ++ ++ -

Bio-Gas - - - + - -LPG - - + - - -

Page 5: Vehicular Pollution At Indore

Environmental Fact-Sheet of Thermal Power Plant at

Talcher(200MW) Oxygen:25,000 MT; Coal : 9,000 MT; Water: 1,10,000 M3

Carbon di Oxide : 50,000 MT, Nitrous Oxide : 9000 Kg

Sulfur di Oxide : 270 Kg, Fly Ash Slurry : 3500 MTLead : 208 Kg, Zinc : 56 Kg , Nickel : 56.5Kg, Cobalt :112 Kg

Cadmium : 51 Kg, Copper : 45 Kg, Chromium : 60.6 Kg Uranium : 4.6 Kg, Thorium : 16.5 Kg

Page 6: Vehicular Pollution At Indore

The Effects of Various Air Pollutants

The Effects of Various Air Pollutants The Cause The Effects

Suspended Particulate Matter [SPM and PM 10]

Adverse effect on the Respiratory System, Visibility & Standing Crops. Corrosion of Metals, Inconvenience and Annoyance

Oxides of Sulfur [ SO2 ]

Suffocation and Adverse effects on Upper Respiratory Tract, Acute & Chronic injury to Plants leaves, Corrosion of Metals,Acid Rains.

Hydrocarbons Carcinogenic, Adverse effect on plants, Causes Smog [ PAN with NOx ]

Oxides of Nitrogen [ NOx ]

Irritation of Eyes and Nose, Damage to Plant leaves, Corrosion of Metals, Acid Rain, Smog

Carbon Monoxide [CO]

Causes headache, Dizziness, Nausia, Competes with Oxygen in Respiratory Metabolism

Page 7: Vehicular Pollution At Indore

The Effects of Various Air Pollutants

The Effects of Various Air Pollutants The Cause The Effects

Oxidants eg.[Ozone]

Disturbs lung Function, Induces coughing. Irritation of Eyes, Nose & Throat. Discolors Leaves and Objects. Forms Smog.

Hydrogen Fluorides [HF]

Respiratory diseases, General irritation.

Hydrogen Sulfides [H2s]

Odor nuisance, Irritation of Respiratory system.

Chlorine [ Cl2 ]

Irritation of Eyes and Nose and respiratory system. Respiratory Diseases

Lead [Pb] Carcinogenic, Effects CNS, Causes impotency. Causes Mental retardation.

Page 8: Vehicular Pollution At Indore

Major Air Pollution Episodes World Over

Major Air Pollution Episodes World Over 1

Occurrence Time Location Excess DeathsDecember,1930 Meuse Valley, Belgium 63 Humans

& Most Cattle

October,1948 Donora, Pennsylvania, USA >20

November,1950 Pozarica, Mexico >22

December,1952 London, United Kingdom 400

November,1953 New York, USA 220

January, 1956 London, United Kingdom 1,000

December, 1957 London, United Kingdom 750

December, 1962 London, United Kingdom 700

December, 1963 New York, USA 300

December, 1966 New York, USA >168

Page 9: Vehicular Pollution At Indore

Major Air Pollution Episodes World Over

Major Air Pollution Episodes World Over 2

Occurrence Time

Location Excess Deaths

December,1984 Bhopal, India 3000+

1991 - 1992 Gulf War, Middle East Not Known

December, 1994 Cheng Quinn, China Not Known

November, 1997 Manila, Philippines >300+

December, 1998 Mexico City, Mexico >138+

September,2001 WTC Tower,New York 350+

November,2001 Afghanistan,War on Terrorism Not Known

Page 10: Vehicular Pollution At Indore

The Effects of Various Air Pollutants

The Ambient Air Pollution and Related Unnatural Deaths in Cities

CITY TSPM [ g/m3] CONDITION UNNATURAL DEATHS

1991-93 1995

STATUS

Kolkata 344 Critical 5,726 10,646 +

Delhi 410 Critical 7,491 9,359 +

Mumbai 246 Critical 4,477 7,043 +

Chennai 241 High 863 1,299 +

Kanpur 470 Critical 1,894 3,639 +Ahmedabad 268 Critical 2,979 3,006 +

Hyderabad 179 High 768 1,961 +

Patana 330 Critical 725 1,182 +

Moderate = 71 to 140, High = 141 to 210, and Critical = >210

Page 11: Vehicular Pollution At Indore

The Effects of Various Air Pollutants

The Ambient Air Pollution and Related Unnatural Deaths in Cities

CITY TSPM [ g/m3] CONDITION UNNATURAL DEATHS

1991-93 1995

STATUS

Nagpur 186 High 506 607 +

Shimla 142 High 32 25 +

Banglore 147 High 254 254 +/-

Kota 241 Critical 209 364 +

Kochhi 113 Moderate 146 146 +/-

Bhopal 263 Critical 663 653 -

Indore 388 Critical 1341 1527 +

Jamshedpur 118 Moderate 118 158 +

Moderate = 71 to 140, High = 141 to 210, and Critical = >210

Page 12: Vehicular Pollution At Indore

Air Quality Monitoring Sites at Indore City

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Sites at Indore City

Page 13: Vehicular Pollution At Indore

Percentage exceedence of observed values at Indore city

Over the Prescribed values

Percentage Exceedence of Observed values at Indore City Over the Prescribed Limits

Locality [Limits] TSPM[ mean range ]

PM10 [ mean range]

SO2 & Nox[ mean range]

Telephone Nagar [Residential]

[ TSPM : 200 g/m3] [ PM10 : 100 g/m3]

[ SO2 and NoX : 80 g/m3 ]

88.6[253 - 406]

98.0[177 - 347]

Well within Limits

Kothari Market [Commercial]

[ TSPM : 200 g/m3] [ PM10 : 100 g/m3]

[ SO2 and NoX : 80 g/m3 ]

95.0[327 - 579]

98.5[308 - 492]

Well within Limits

Pologround [Industrial]

[ TSPM : 500 g/m3] [ PM10 : 150 g/m3]

[ SO2 and NoX : 120 g/m3 ]

56.4[458 - 635]

97.0[360 - 529]

Well within Limits

Page 14: Vehicular Pollution At Indore

Pollution Status of Suspended Particulates in Residential Area

Pollution Status of Suspended Particulates in Residential Area

Parameter [Limits]

Status Concentration [ in g/m3 ]

Percentage of the ValuesObserved

Total Suspended Particulate Matter[ TSPM : 200 g/m3]

LowModerate High Critical

00 to 7071 to 140141 to 210

>210

0.31 Percent 3.39 Percent 9.70 Percent 86.6 Percent

Respirable Dust or PM10

[ PM10 : 100 g/m3]

LowModerate High Critical

00 to 3031 to 6061 to 90

>91

0.02 Percent 0.32 Percent 0.56 Percent 99.1 Percent

Page 15: Vehicular Pollution At Indore

Pulse Milling Areas at Indore City

Pulse Milling Areas at Indore City

Page 16: Vehicular Pollution At Indore

Air Quality Monitoring Sites at Indore City

Emission Monitoring Activity

Page 17: Vehicular Pollution At Indore

Public Awareness CampaignPublic Awareness Campaign

Page 18: Vehicular Pollution At Indore

public Awareness CampaignPublic Awareness Campaign

Page 19: Vehicular Pollution At Indore

Traffic on some important City Roads

Traffic on some important City Roads

Name of Road

Place Road

Width

Capacity

(P.C.U.)

Actual Road

Traffic(PCU)

A.B. Road DIG Banglow 12 (m) 4,000 7,200Sanwer Road Banganga 07 (m) 2,000 3,300M.G. Road High-Court 10 (m) 3,000 5,200Jawahar Mrg. Gurudwara 07 (m) 2,000 5,100Subhash Mrg. Smruti Cinema 07 (m) 2,000 4,900Sawarkar Mrg. University 07 (m) 2,000 4,500Khandwa Road Rajbada 07 (m) 2,000 7,300Bhanwar Kua Sindhi Colony 10 (m) 3,000 8,000Imli Bazar Road Shiv Vilas Place 07 (m) 2,000 4,600

Page 20: Vehicular Pollution At Indore

1997,Road Side Ambient Air Quality

Road Side Ambient Air Quality (g/m3)Locality Time

M/N/E

Time(minuets)

PM10 TSPMOBSERVED

TSPMEQUATED24Hrs.

Palasia Square M 110 369.88 1425.88 621.5

Palasia Square N 106 225.49 1281.83 608.5

Palasia Square E 85 150.70 1207.04 588.78

Gandhi Pratima M 224 709.19 4531.47 886.7

Palika Square M 178 193.78 962.14 605.32

Kothari Market E 71 1496.3 5021.08 775.2

Nagar Nigam Square E 51 1472.1 766.66 806.87

Rajbada E 148 3783.4 5394.75 789.07

Subhash Pratima E 139 2476.2 3584.3 847.41

Patel Pratima M 100 824.83 2091.43 661.69

Bambai Bazar E 129 596.49 1868.41 672.65

Page 21: Vehicular Pollution At Indore

1998-99,Road Side Ambient Air Quality

Road Side Ambient Air QualityLocality TSPM

[TSPM : 200 g/m3] PM10

[ PM10 : 100 g/m3]

Khajrana Chauki 529.9 95.06

Vijay Nagar Chauki 610.13 90.65

Palasia Square 907.50 401.72

Chhavani 1157.60 322.34

University Campus 698.51 164.26

Marimata Square 992.18 130.87

Laxmibai Nagar 1470.14 249.99

Kalani Nagar 1187.79 194.28

Sethi Gate 916.42 115.9

Cancan Nagar 1493.05 649.92

CAT Campus 953.45 39.78

Page 22: Vehicular Pollution At Indore

National Ambient Air Quality Standards

National Ambient Air Quality StandardsName of the

PollutantTime

weighted Average

IndustrialAreas

Residential,Rural & Other Areas

Sensitive Area

Sulfur di Oxide (SO2)

Annual Avg.*24 hrs. Avg.**

80 g/m3

100 g/m3

60 g/m3

80 g/m315 g/m3

30 g/m3

Oxides ofNitrogen (NOx)

Annual Avg.*24 hrs. Avg.**

80 g/m3

100 g/m3

60 g/m3

80 g/m315 g/m3

30 g/m3

Total SuspendedParticulate matter (TSPM)

Annual Avg.*24 hrs. Avg.**

360 g/m3

500 g/m3

140 g/m3

200 g/m370 g/m3

100 g/m3

Respirable Dust ( RPM or PM10 )

Annual Avg.*24 hrs. Avg.**

120 g/m3

150 g/m3

60 g/m3

100 g/m3 50 g/m3

75 g/m3

Lead (Pb) Annual Avg.*24 hrs. Avg.**

1.0 g/m3

1.5 g/m3

0.75 g/m3

1.0 g/m30.5 g/m3

0.75 g/m3

Carbon Monoxide(CO)

Annual Avg.*24 hrs. Avg.**

100 g/m3

100 g/m3

100 g/m3

100 g/m3100 g/m3

100 g/m3

Concentrations in mg/m3

*Annual Arithmetic Mean of minimum 104 measurements in year twice a week, 24 hourly** 24 hrs. hourly / 8 hourly values shall be met 98 % time in year. Only 2 % of time it may exceed the prescribed values but not on two consecutive days

Page 23: Vehicular Pollution At Indore

Vehicular emission status at Indore City [Diesel&Petrol

Vehicles]

Vehicular emission status at Indore City [Diesel & Petrol Vehicles]

Page 24: Vehicular Pollution At Indore

Vehicular Pollution status at Indore City [Diesel&Petrol

Vehicles]

Vehicular Pollution status at Indore City [Diesel & Petrol Vehicles]

Parameter 1970 1980 1990 1995 1996 1997 1998 2 & 3 Wheel (Petrol Driven)

4 Wheel (Petrol and Diesel Driven) L M V

4 Wheel+ (Diesel Driven ) M M V and H M V

3,350

3,200

1,350

26,256

9,222

8,237

1,52,211

23,220

16,152

2,26,486

40,719

26,593

2,49,847

49,700

30,827

2,75,847

42,498

56,988

3,39,325

43,577

57,913

Total Number ofAutomobiles

Number Checked

7,900

---

43,715

---

1,91,583

320

3,00,738

1,680

3,37,314

2,042

3,75,046

3,176

4,44,815

2,034

Polluting Vehicles

Emission Load

--- %

6.72

--- %

13.05

63 %

137.17

58 %

228.90

53 %

259.73

42 %

291.46

35 %

331.9

Page 25: Vehicular Pollution At Indore

Vehicular emission status at Indore City [Diesel Vehicles]

Vehicular emission status at Indore City [Diesel Vehicles]

Smoke – density test Results [H.S.U.]Category Sample <60 60-70 70-80 80-90 90-95 >95

Private 846(100%)

163(19.3%)

122(14.5%)

357(42.1%)

189(22.3%)

12(1.4%)

03(0.35%)

Govt. 122(100%)

22(18.0%)

00(0.0%)

12(9.83%)

22(22.0%)

12(9.83%)

54(44.3%)

Page 26: Vehicular Pollution At Indore

Vehicular emission status at Indore City [Diesel Vehicles]

Vehicular emission status at Indore City [Petrol Vehicles]

CO Emission Test ResultsCategory Sample <3.0% 4-5 % 5-6 % 6-7 % 7-8 % 8-10 %

Private 339(100%)

163(48.1%)

28(8.2%)

64(18.8%)

38(11.2%)

07(2.1%)

09(2.65%)

Govt. 055(100%)

29(52.7%)

03(5.45%)

03(5.45%)

04(7.2%)

07(12.7%)

09(16.4%)

Page 27: Vehicular Pollution At Indore

in g/m3

Page 28: Vehicular Pollution At Indore

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2 WheelAutoL. Auto4 Wheel

Page 29: Vehicular Pollution At Indore
Page 30: Vehicular Pollution At Indore

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

PetrolVehicles

Tempo4 WheelL. MetadoreMini Bus

Page 31: Vehicular Pollution At Indore

Seasonal Changes in SPM Concentration

1 11 21 31 41 51 61 71 81 91

Rain Winter Summer Rain Winter Summer

SPM

in m

icro

gram

/m3

Telephone Ngr. Kothari Market Pologround

Page 32: Vehicular Pollution At Indore

Seasonal Changes in SPM Concentration

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

1 9 17 25 33 41 49 57 65 73 81 89

PologroundKothari MarketTelephone Ngr.