vehicle classification
TRANSCRIPT
AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING SYSTEM
COURSE CONTENTS
Chassis and Body Classification of Vehicle, Layout, Construction &
Details, Chassis & Body material, Integrated construction, BIW, Interior System, Console design, Pillar trims, Head roof
Transmission & Driveline
Front Axle & Steering
Breaking and suspension
Electrical System
CLASSIFICATION OF VEHICLES&VEHICLE BODIES (COMMERCIAL VEHICLE)
CMVR – VEHICLE TYPES :
Also Classified as:
2Wheeler,
3Weeler, and
4Wheeler
CMVR: Central Motor Vehicle Rules applicable in India
ECONOMIC COMMISSION OF EUROPE (ECE )
Road Vehicle Types: Power Driven
Vehicle Motor Vehicle Trailer Vehicle Vehicle
Combinations
ECONOMIC COMMISSION OF EUROPE (ECE )
Some Ex: Convertible Pullman Coupe Articulated Bus
ECONOMIC COMMISSION OF EUROPE (ECE )
ECE – R.E. 3Classification of
Vehicle: Category L Category M Category N Category O Category G
USA CLASSIFICATION
SUMMARIZED COMPARISON:
SUMMARIZED COMPARISON:
POPULAR TRUCKS CLASSIFICATIONS IN INDIA
FFC: Full Forward Control LPT: Load Passenger cum Transport
SFC: Semi Forward Control
CLASSIFICATION OF PASSENGER VEHICLE: Cars may be classified by a number of different
criteria; because a vehicle may fit into multiple categories, or not completely satisfy the requirements for any.
Commonly used systems of classification. Where applicable is a equivalent Euro NCAP classifications.
Car rental companies often use the ACRISS Car Classification Code.
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), based on interior passenger and cargo volumes.
A similar set of classes is used by the Canadian EPA. Australia, the Federal Chamber of Automotive
Industries publishes its own classifications.
ACRISS CAR CLASSIFICATION CODE: First letter:
Category
Code Category M Mini N Mini Elite E Economy H Economy Elite C Compact D Compact Elite I Intermediate J Intermediate Elite S Standard R Standard Elite F Fullsize G Fullsize Elite P Premium U Premium Elite L Luxury W Luxury Elite O Oversize X Special
ACRISS CAR CLASSIFICATION CODE: Second letter:
Type
Code Type B 2-3 Door C 2/4 Door D 4-5 Door W Wagon/Estate
V Passenger van L Limousine
S Sport T Convertible
F SUV
J Open-air All Terrain X Special P Pickup (regular cab) Q Pickup (extended cab) Z Special offer Car E Coupe
M Monospace R Recreational vehicle
H Motorhome
Y 2-wheel vehicle N Roadster
G Crossover
K Commercial van/truck
ACRISS CAR CLASSIFICATION CODE: Third letter:
Transmission/ Drive
Code Transmission Drive M Manual Unspecified N Manual 4-wheel C Manual All-wheel A Automatic Unspecified B Automatic 4-wheel D Automatic All-wheel
ACRISS CAR CLASSIFICATION CODE: Third letter:
Fuel /Air Conditioning
Example: IDAR - Intermediate, 4-doors,
automatic gearbox and air-conditioning (e.g. Vauxhall Insignia or Renault Megane Scénic)
ECMN - Economy, 2/4 doors, manual gearbox, no air-conditioning (e.g. Ford Fiesta or Opel Corsa
Code Fuel Air Cond. R Unspecified Yes N Unspecified No D Diesel Yes Q Diesel No H Hybrid Yes I Hybrid No E Electric Yes C Electric No L LPG Yes S LPG No A Hydrogen Yes B Hydrogen No M Multifuel Yes F Multifuel No V Petrol Yes Z Petrol No U Ethanol Yes X Ethanol No
A- SEGMENT MINI CARSB- SEGMENT SMALL CARSC- SEGMENT MEDIUM CARSD- SEGMENT LARGE CARSE- SEGMENT EXECUTIVE CARSF- SEGMENT LUXURY CARSS- SEGMENT SPORT COUPESM- SEGMENT MULTI PURPOSE CARSJ- SEGMENT SPORT UTILITY CARS (INCLUDING OFF-ROAD VEHICLES)
EURO CAR SEGMENT CLASSIFICATIONS:
MICROCAR HATCHBACKS, SALOONS (SEDANS) AND ESTATE CARS (STATION WAGONS)
CITY CAR SUPERMINI/SUBCOMPACT CAR SMALL FAMILY CAR/COMPACT CAR LARGE FAMILY CAR/MID-SIZE CAR FULL-SIZE CAR/LARGE CAR COMPACT EXECUTIVE CAR/ENTRY-LEVEL LUXURY CAR EXECUTIVE CAR/MID-LUXURY CAR FULL-SIZE LUXURY CAR/GRAND SALOON
SPORTS CARS AND GRAND TOURERS HOT HATCH / SPORT COMPACT SPORTS SALOON / SPORTS SEDAN / LUXURY SPORTS SPORTS CAR GRAND TOURER SUPERCAR MUSCLE CAR PONY CAR
CONVERTIBLE OFF-ROADERS
SPORT UTILITY VEHICLE CROSSOVER SUV
MULTI-PURPOSE VEHICLES / MINIVANS VAN, CAMPER, RV, MINIBUS ETC.
EURO NCAP CLASSIFICATIONS:
EURO NCAP EXAMPLES:
SUMMERY OF CLASSIFICATION : Car classification
American English
British English
Euro Car Segment[1] Euro NCAP
1997 - 2009 Euro
NCAP[2]
Examples
Microcar Microcar, Bubble car
A-segment mini cars Supermini Passenger car
Isetta, Smart Fortwo
Subcompact car
City car Fiat 500, Daewoo Matiz, Peugeot 107, Toyota iQ
Supermini B-segment small cars Ford Fiesta, Volkswagen Polo, Opel Corsa, Peugeot 207
Compact car Small family car
C-segment medium cars Small family car
Ford Focus, Opel Astra, Toyota Auris, Volkswagen Golf
Mid-size car Large family car
D-segment large cars Large family car
Ford Mondeo, Honda Accord, Opel Insignia, Volkswagen Passat
Entry-level luxury car
Compact executive car
Alfa Romeo 159, BMW 3 Series, Lexus IS, Volvo S60, Audi A4
Full-size car Executive car
E-segment executive cars Executive car
Ford Crown Victoria, Holden Commodore, Toyota Crown, Chrysler 300C
Mid-size luxury car
Lexus GS, BMW 5 Series, Jaguar XF, Audi A6, Volvo S80
Full-size luxury car
Luxury car F-segment luxury cars - Audi A8, Jaguar XJ, Maserati Quattroporte, Mercedes S-Class
SUMMERY OF CLASSIFICATION : Car classification
American English
British English
Euro Car Segment[1] Euro
NCAP 1997 - 2009
Euro NCAP[2]
Examples
Sports car Sports car S-segment sport coupes - Chevrolet Corvette, Porsche 911, Ferrari 458 Italia, Nissan Z-car
Grand tourer
Grand tourer
- Jaguar XK, Ferrari 612 Scaglietti, Maserati GranTurismo
Supercar Supercar - Bugatti Veyron, Ferrari Enzo, Pagani Zonda
Convertible Convertible - BMW 6 Series, Mercedes CLK, Volvo C70, Volkswagen Eos
Roadster Roadster Roadster sports
Roadster Audi TT, Honda S2000, Lotus Elise, Mazda MX-5, Porsche Boxster
- Leisure activity vehicle
M-segment multi purpose cars Small MPV
MPV Ford Tourneo Connect, Peugeot Partner, Škoda Roomster
- Mini MPV Opel Meriva, Fiat Idea, Citroen C3 Picasso
Compact minivan
Compact MPV, Midi MPV
Mazda5, Opel Zafira, Ford C-Max, Volkswagen Touran, Peugeot 5008
Minivan Large Large Chrysler
SUMMERY OF CLASSIFICATION :
Mini SUV Mini 4x4 J-segment sport utility cars (including off-road vehicles)
Small Off-Road 4x4
Off-roader
Daihatsu Terios, Mitsubishi Pajero iO, Suzuki Jimny
Compact SUV
Compact 4x4
BMW X3, Ford Escape, Honda CR-V, Toyota RAV4, Chevy Equinox
- Coupé SUV
- Isuzu VehiCROSS, SsangYong Actyon, BMW X6
Mid-size SUV
Large 4x4 Large Off-Road 4x4
Ford Explorer, Jeep Grand Cherokee, Volkswagen Touareg
Full-size SUV
Cadillac Escalade, Chevrolet Suburban, Range Rover, Toyota Land Cruiser
Mini pickup truck
Pick-up - Pick-up Pickup Chevrolet Montana, Fiat Strada, Volkswagen Saveiro
Mid-size pickup truck
Chevrolet Colorado, Ford Ranger, Mitsubishi Triton/L200, Nissan Navara
Full-size pickup truck
Dodge Ram, Ford F-150, GMC Sierra, Nissan Titan, Toyota Hilux
CLASSIFICATION OF INDIAN PASSENGER VEHICLE:
The classification of segments are done as per length of the vehicle, (Passenger car segment)
A1 - Mini - Upto 3400mm (M800, Nano)
A2 - Compact - 3401 to 4000mm (Alto, wagon r, Zen,i10,A-star,Swift,i20,palio,indica etc)
A3 - Midsize - 4001 to 4500mm (City,Sx4,Dzire,Logan,Accent,Fiesta,Verna etc)
A4 - Executive - 4501 to 4700mm (Corolla,civic,C class,Optra,Octavia, etc)
A5 - Premiun - 4701 to 5000mm (Camry,E class,Accord,Sonata,Laura,Superb,etc)
A6 - Luxury - Above 5000mm (S class,5 series etc)
B1 - Van - Omni, Versa, Magic etc
B2 - MUV/MPV - Innova, Tavera, Sumo etc
SUV - CRV, Vitara etc
A segment, B segment etc were used earlier, though new terms came, still old one is used most popularly.
But now the segmentation in India is done on the basis of length.
OVERVIEW OF COMMERCIAL VEHICLE
Light utility vans
Truck van Road train Large-capacity
road train Semitrailer Bus
VEHICLE BODIES: COMMERCIAL VEHICLES
They are used for Safe and Efficient transport of person and freight.
Economic efficiency is determined by Ration of Usable space to Overall vehicle volume, and
Payload to Gross Vehicle Weight. From a Design point of view a distinction is
made between Cab-over-engine (COE) and Cab-behind-engine (CBE) vehicles.
Due to wide Diversity, Calculating dimensions of body structure (unitized body, cab, chassis etc) takes a major role in Design.
OVERVIEW OF LIGHT UTILITY VANS
Panel van
Platform van
Double-cab
low-bed truck
Chassis
OVERVIEW OF LIGHT UTILITY VANS They are Light Duty Vans (2 to 7 Tons) used in
Transportation of persons and local freight. Light utility vans with more powerful engines
are also increasing in long-distance transport. In both the case Stringent demands are made
on vehicles in term of Agility, Performance, user-friendliness, and safety.
Design Concept based on Front mounted engine, Front or Rear-wheel drive, Independent suspension, Rigid axle, and with Gross weight 3.5T and higher Twin tyres on the rear axle.
MEDIUM- AND HEAVY-DUTY TRUCKS AND TRACTOR VEHICLE
MEDIUM- AND HEAVY-DUTY TRUCKS AND TRACTOR VEHICLE
These vehicles have either load-bearing chassis or partially load bearing body.
Engine is at the Front, seldom fitted as an underfloor engine between the axles.
Vehicle is driven by Twin tire axle(s), rarly rear axle is fitted with Single Tire.
Type of truck undercarriage:N = Z / L Where, N is Nos. of wheels
Z is Nos. of Driven wheeland L is Nos. of Steered
wheels(Twin wheels count One wheel)
MEDIUM- AND HEAVY-DUTY TRUCKS AND TRACTOR VEHICLE
Normal chassis have leaf- and air-sprung rigid front and rear axles.
Pneumatic suspension reduces body acceleration forces.
Three axle vehicle are fitted with either a leading or trailing axle to increase Payload Capacity.
BUSES:
Bus market offers a specific vehicle for practically every application, results in wide range of Bus types, which differ in their overall dimensions and Application.
Microbuses: Carry up-to 19 Passengers, Developed from Light-duty trucks or vans weighing approx. 4.5 t.
Minibuses: Carry approx 25 passengers. Developed from light-duty trucks or vans weighing up-to approx. 4.5 t. Occasionally built on Ladder-type chassis. Modified Suspensions & Body provides Optimum Comfort.
BUSES: Midibuses: Carry up-to approx. 35 Passengers (Tour
type) and up-to 65 passengers (City type). Weighing up-to 12.5 t. Built on ladder-type Chassis, also Integral-frame designs in operations. Modified Suspensions & Body provides Optimum Comfort.
Citybuses: Eqipped with Seating and Standing room. Short intervals between stops in suburban transport requires rapid passenger turn-over, achieved with Wide doors, Low boarding and Floor Heights.
Specifications: Veh Length 12 mtrGVW 18.0tNos of Seats 32 to 44 (Total up-
to 105Three Axle 15 mtr. Long Increased capacity up-to 135 Tour Bus: Low, Two-axle stand. Bus Provide
Comfortable Travel through Double Decker
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