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Analele ştiinţifice ale Universităţii “Al. I. Cuza” Iaşi Tomul L, s. II a. Biologie vegetală, 2004

SEGETAL VEGETATION FROM COTNARI, IAŞI AND HUŞI VINEYARDS

C. SÎRBU*

Abstract: In this paper we present seven segetal vegetation associations and one subassociation, met in vineyards from Cotnari, Iaşi and Huşi (Romania). The subassociation xanthietosum italici Burduja et Horeanu 1976 is now presented for the first time in Moldavia. Key words: phytosociology, segetal vegetation, vineyards.

Introduction

The Cotnari, Iaşi and Huşi vineyards are situated in the east-north-eastern part of Romania, on the transitional limit of various sub-units of the Moldavian Plateau. The Cotnari vineyard is placed on the limit between Suceava Plateau and the southwestern border of Moldavian Plain. Iaşi vineyard is situated on the contact zone between the southeastern part of Moldavian Plain and the northeastern part of the Central Moldavian Plateau, while Huşi vineyard occupies the eastern part of the Central Moldavian Plateau, between Crasna and Prut rivers. The knowledge of the segetal communities from these ancient wine-growing areas presents a great theoretical and practical interest, this being a premise for an adequate management of the wine-growing production.

Material and method

Our investigations were made during 1994-2000 according to the

phytosociological method of Braun-Blanquet. The nomenclature of the species is made by Ciocârlan, 2000 [5]. The classification and nomenclature of the associations are made by Mucina et al. 1993 [24], Pott, 1995 [28] and Sanda et al., 2001 [30].

Results and discussions

Here, we present seven segetal vegetation associations and one subassociation met in the vineyards from Cotnari, Iaşi and Huşi which are classified in the following phytosociological system: Cl. Stellarietea mediae R. Tx., Lohm. et Preising in R. Tx. 1950 Ord. Centaureetalia cyani R. Tx., Lohm. et Preising in R. Tx. 1950 Al. Veronico-Euphorbion Sissingh ex Passarge 1964

1. Stellarietum mediae Prodan 1939, Hadač 1969

* University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” Iaşi

100

2. Lamio-Veronicetum politae Kornaš 1950 Ord. Chenopodietalia albi R. Tx. (1937) 1950 Al. Scleranthion annui (Kruseman & Vlieger 1939) Sissingh in Westhoff & al. 1946

3. Digitario-Setarietum pumilae Felföldy 1942 corr. Borhidi 1996 Al. Panico-Setarion Sissing in Westhoff et al. 1946

4. Setario-Galinsogetum parviflorae Tx. 1950 em. Müller et Oberd. in Oberd. 1983 5. Echinochloo-Setarietum pumilae Felföldy 1942 corr. Mucina 1993

Ord. Eragrostetalia J. Tx. ex Poli 1966 Al. Amarantho-Chenopodion albi Morariu 1943

6. Amarantho-Chenopodietum albi (Morariu 1943) Soó (1947) 1953 - subas. xanthietosum italici Burduja et Horeanu 1976

7. Portulacetum oleracei Felföldy 1942 1. Stellarietum mediae Prodan 1939, Hadač 1969 (table I). The communities of

chickweed present a wide spreading in the vineyards, during springtime, when they form, on the tilled grounds from the previous autumn (even after vintage, in longer autumns, too), dense vegetation covers (average values of 55-100%), on the large areas. The association has not been mentioned until now from vineyards (at least from Moldavia), although ruderal communities with Stellaria media are known from the whole country [27, 29, 30, 35 etc]. The association doesn’t damage the vineyards.

2. Lamio-Veronicetum politae Kornaš 1950 (table II). This is an edified association of vernal, ephemeral plants, often met in spring in wine-growing lots, on the tilled grounds in autumn, between the rows of the vine. In contrast with the previous association, this association presents a more limited spreading in the territory. It also prefers more aired and dried grounds and has a more pronounced ephemeral character. The characteristic species of the association are Veronica polita, Lamium amplexicaule and L. purpureum. Other important species, that form more or less extensive facies, are Veronica hederifolia, Stellaria media, Capsella bursa-pastoris and Hollosteum umbellatum. Like the previous communities, this association doesn’t cause any damage in the vineyards. It was mentioned in vineyards from other wine-growing plantations of the country, too [2, 10, 16, 18, 23].

3. Digitario-Setarietum pumilae Felföldy 1942 corr. Borhidi 1996 (Syn.: Setario-Digitarietum Felföldy 1942 emend. Soó 1961) (table III) is an association met between the rows of vine, in sunny places, on permeable sandy-clayey or clayey-sandy soils. Digitaria sanguinalis is the characteristic and dominant species, while Setaria pumila is codominant or subdominant species, in our phytocoenosis. The association is also known in wine-growing plantation [25] or other cultures [21, 34] from other regions of the country.

4. Setario-Galinsogetum parviflorae Tx. 1950 em. Müller et Oberd. in Oberd. 1983 (table IV). The association was identified between the rows of vine, on plateaus or the platforms of the terraces from Bucium and Uricani wine-growing centers (Iaşi county). The recognition species of the association are Digitaria sanguinalis, Setaria viridis (characteristic species) and Galinsoga parviflora (dominant species). Most species from the association are characteristic for the superior taxons and a few species belong to other

101

classes, especially Artemisietea. The association was also cited in vineyards from Vrancea [6, 7, 8]. It is known especially in the southern and eastern parts of our country, in the not well maintained cultures. [29, 30].

5. Echinochloo-Setarietum pumilae Felföldy 1942 corr. Mucina 1993 (= Echinochloo-Setarietum glaucae Felföldy 1942) (table V). It is one of the most important segetal associations in wine-growing lots, with a wide spreading in all of the three researched vineyards. The recognition and dominant species of the association are Setaria pumila and Echinochloa crus-galli. The phytocoenosis of the association are met especially between the rows of the vine, in the lots placed on the plateaus or platforms of the terraces, on the little inclined slopes or in depressions. On the dryer and richer in azotates soils, Setaria pumila is often replaced by S. viridis that forms well-delimited and extensive facies. The association has not been cited till now from Cotnari, Iaşi and Huşi vineyards. In wine-growing plantations it was cited from Galaţi county [31], Vrancea county [6]; the southern part of Oltenia [26]; Cluj surroundings[32] etc. This is a frequent association in the not well maintained cultures, gardens, cornfields from the whole country [29, 30].

6. Amarantho-Chenopodietum albi (Morariu 1943) Soó (1947) 1953 (table VIII). This is the most important segetal association in wine-growing lots, almost with generalized repartition, on all studied farms. The recognition species of the association are Amaranthus retroflexus, A. powellii and Chenopodium album. With a raised constancy there are met many other annual, biennial or perennial species (Echinochloa crus-galli, Setaria viridis, Solanum nigrum, Portulaca oleracea, Conyza canadensis, Stellaria media, respectively Lactuca serriola and Cirsium arvense, Sonchus arvensis, Convolvulus arvensis, Elymus repens, Taraxacum officinale, Cynodon dactylon). The association is favoured by the periodical breaking up of the soil, through repeated cultivation and the tilling in spring or autumn. A very important favourable factor is also the richness in azotates of the soil because of the fertilizers or because of the repeated incorporation of the vegetal mass of the weeds in the soil, through cultivation, that is fast mineralized because of the good aeration of the soil. At last, light and warmth are very important factors that are assured by the very favoured helio-thermic regime of the vineyards. From Iaşi vineyard this association has already been cited at the wine growing center Bucium [4]; from Măluşteni (Huşi vineyard) is known the subassociation amaranthetosum blitoidis Spiridon 1970 (as Portulaco-Amaranthetum blitoidis Mititelu 1972) [17].

From other wine-growing plantations the association was cited as follows: Galaţi county [25, 31]; Dobrudja [13]; Sebeş Valley (as Galinsogeto-Portulacetum transsilvanicum n.as.reg.) [1] etc. Varied sub-units of this association have also been cited, from wine-growing plantations up to now: Galaţi county [22]; Dobrudja [3; 11], Domneşti-Bucureşti [33]. This is a very frequent and prejudicial association in the cultures, gardens, vineyards, cornfields or ruderal places from the whole country [27; 29; 30].

We have integrated the communities dominated by Xanthium italicum that were identified in some wine-growing lots or fallow grounds, without characteristic species for Bidentetea class, in xanthietosum italici subassociation (table VII) described by Burduja &

102

Horeanu, 1976, from Dobrudja [3]. This subassociation has not been mentioned from Moldavia until now.

7. Portulacetum oleracei Felföldy 1942 (Syn.: Digitario-Portulacetum (Felföldy 1942) Timár et Bodrogk.(1953) 1955; Convolvulo-Portulacetum Ubrizsy 1949, 1950 p.p) (table VI). This association was identified under the form of some relatively little vegetal groups (20-30 m2), on sunny places, with sandy substratum, often well supplied with water and azotates. Although the recognised species of the association (Portulaca oleracea and Digitaria sanguinalis) can be found in many researched plantations, we have identified relatively few phytocoenosis with a better sketched floristic composition. The association has not been cited till now from Cotnari, Iaşi and Huşi vineyards, but it is known from other wine-growing plantations: Vasluieţ basin [15], Galaţi county [25; 31], Vrancea county [6], Dobrudja [3], South Oltenia [26], Muntenia [33], Banat [9; 12], Satu Mare county [14] etc.

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păioase şi prăşitoare din bazinul Bahluiului (Iaşi). Muz. Deltei Dunării, Tulcea, Peuce, 5 : 391-415. 3. BURDUJA C., HOREANU CL. 1976. Contribuţii la vegetaţia spaţiilor terasate din Dobrogea. Muz. Deltei

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Bucureşti: 438 pp. 12. GRIGORE ST. 1968. Vegetaţia nitrofilă din zona de interfluviu Timiş-Bega, Lucr. Şt. Inst. Agr. Timişoara,

Ser. Agr., 11: 471-489. 13. HOREANU CL., 1973. Contribuţii la cunoaşterea vegetaţiei antropofile din Podişul Casimcea, Stud. Comunic.

Şt. Nat., Muz. Deltei Dunării Tulcea. Peuce, 3: 103-122. 14. KARÁCSONYI C., 1995. Flora şi vegetaţia judeţului Satu-Mare, Edit. Muz. Sătmărean, Satu Mare. 15. LEOCOV M. 1972. Contribuţii la studiul agro şi geobotanic al buruienilor din bazinul Vasluieţ, Teză doctorat,

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Depresiunea Elan., jud. Vaslui, Lucr. Şt. Inst. Agr. Iaşi, Ser. Agr.-Hort.: 223-232. 17. MITITELU D. 1972. Asociaţii noi de buruieni din Moldova, Analele Şt. Univ. "Al. I. Cuza" Iaşi, Secţ. II-a.

Biol., 18 (1) : 119-126. 18. MITITELU D. 1973. Flora şi vegetaţia din depresiunea şi colinele Elanului (jud. Vaslui), Teză doctorat, Univ.

“Al. I. Cuza” Iaşi.

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19. MITITELU D. 1975. Flora şi vegetaţia judeţului Vaslui, Stud. Comunic. Muz. Şt. Nat. Bacău, 8: 67-162. 20. MITITELU D., CHIFU T., SCARLAT A., ANIŢEI LILIANA. 1995. Flora şi vegetaţia judeţului Iaşi. Bul.

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Şt. Nat. Piatra Neamţ, 8:193-211. 22. MITITELU D., MOŢIU TAMARA, BARABAŞ N. 1973. Vegetaţia rezervaţiei de nisipuri de la Hanu-Conachi

(jud. Galaţi)., Stud. Comunic., Muz. Şt. Nat. Bacău, 6:359-376. 23. MITITELU LUCIA. 1974. Contribuţii la studiul vegetaţiei de pe Valea Lungă – Iaşi, Stud. Comunic. Muz. Şt.

Nat. Bacău. 24. MUCINA L., GRABHERR G., ELLMAUER T. 1993. Die Pflanzengesellschaften Osterreichs. Teil. I.

Anthropogene Vegetation, Gustav Fischer Verlag Jena. Stuttgart: 520 pp. 25. OPREA AD. 1998. Flora şi vegetaţia din Câmpia Tecuciului şi bazinul inferior al Siretului (jud. Galaţi), Teză

doctorat. Univ. “Al. I. Cuza” Iaşi. 26. PĂUN M., POPESCU GH., CÂRŢU D., CÂRŢU MARIANA, MALOŞ C. 1975. Asociaţiile de buruieni

identificate în culturile agricole din sudul Olteniei, An. Univ. Craiova, Ser. Biol., Medic., Şt. Agricole, 6: 49-52.

27. POPESCU A., SANDA V., DOLTU M.I., NEDELCU G.A. 1984. Vegetaţia Câmpiei Munteniei, Stud. Comunic., Muz. Şt. Nat. "Brukenthal" Sibiu, 26: 173-241.

28. POTT R. 1995. Die Pflanzengesellschaften Deutschlands, 2, Aufl. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgar: 622 pp. 29. SANDA V. 2002. Vademecum ceno-structural privind covorul vegetal din România, Edit. Vergiliu, Bucureşti:

331 pp. 30. SANDA V., POPESCU A., STANCU DANIELA ILEANA. 2001. Structura cenotică şi caracterizarea

ecologică a fitocenozelor din România, Edit. Conphis: 359 pp. 31. SÂRBU I. 1978. Flora şi vegetaţia din Bazinul Chinejii şi al Prutului, între Rogojeni şi Măstăcani, Teză

doctorat, Univ. “Al. I. Cuza” Iaşi. 32. SOÓ R. 1947. Revue systématique des associations végétales des environs de Kolosvár, Acta Geob. Hung.

(Ser. nov. 1), 6(1): 1-50. 33. SPIRIDON LUCREŢIA. 1970. Asociaţii de buruieni specifice culturilor de prăşitoare din împrejurimile

oraşului Bucureşti, Acta. Bot. Horti Bucurestiensis, 1968: 215-227. 34. ŞTEFAN N., HOREANU CL., ILAŞ C. 1987. Contribuţii la cunoaşterea vegetaţiei segetale din judeţul Neamţ,

An. Şt. Univ. "Al. I. Cuza" Iaşi, Secţ. II-a. Biol., 33 : 31-33. 35. VIŢĂLARIU GH., HOREANU CL. 1989. Contribuţii la cunoaşterea vegetaţiei antropofile din

România.,Anuarul St. Comunic. Muz. Suceava, 165-178.

Table I. Stellarietum mediae Prodan 1939, Hadač 1969 Relevee No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Slope (degrees) - - 5 3 - 2 2 5 - 3 3 5 - 5 3 3 - - - 3 3 - 3 3 3 Exposure - - SE E - SSV V SV - SV SE V - E NE SE - - - E E - SE SE E Coverage (%) 100 95 65 100 75 100 90 95 95 100 95 100 80 70 55 80 100 60 75 80 70 100 75 95 85 Area, sq.m. 30 20 40 30 50 30 40 25 30 30 25 30 30 50 30 40 30 30 30 50 20 30 30 30 40

K

Charact. ass. Stellaria media 5 5 3 5 4 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 2 3 4 5 3 4 4 3 5 4 5 4 V Veronico-Euphorbion Veronica hederifolia + - 1 - - 1 2 - - + - - - 3 + + - + - + 1 - - - + III Lamium purpureum 1 + + 1 + - + + + + - - - + + - - 1 - + 1 - - - - III Veronica polita - - + + - - - - - + + + + - + + + + - + - - - - - III Lamium amplexicaule

-

-

1

+

-

+

+

+

-

-

+

+

+

-

+

-

+

+

+

-

+

-

-

-

+

III

Fumaria schleicheri + + 1 - - + + - - - - - + + + + + + + + + - - - - III Centauretalia Thlaspi arvense - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + - - - - - - - I Thlaspi perfoliatum - - - - - - - - - - - - + - + - - + - - - - - - - I Stellarietea mediae Sonchus asper - - - - - - - + - - - - - - - + - - - + - + + - - II

104

Echinochloa crus-galli

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

+

+

-

-

-

-

-

-

+

-

I

Lactuca serriola + + + + + + + - + + - + + + + + + + + + + + + - - V Atriplex tatarica - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - + - - - + - II Bromus tectorum + - + - - - - - - - - - + - - - - + + - - - - - - II Bromus sterilis + - + - - + - - - - - - - + - + - + - + + - - - + II Descurainia sophia - + - + - + - - - - + - - + + - - - + - - + + - + II Papaver dubium - - - + + - - + - + - - + - - + - - - + + - - - - II Xanthium italicum - + - - - - - - - - - 2 - - - - - + - - - - - - - I Capsella bursa-pastoris

1

-

+

+

+

+

1

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

-

-

-

1

V

Cirsium arvense + - + + 1 + + - + - 1 + + + - 1 + + + 1 + 1 + - + IV Amaranthus retroflexus

+

-

+

-

-

+

-

-

-

+

-

+

-

-

-

1

+

-

+

-

+

1

1

-

-

III

Chenopodium album + + - - - - + - - - - - + + + + + 1 + + + + + + - III Solanum nigrum - - - - - + - - - - - - - + + + + + + + - + + + - III Sonchus oleraceus + - - - - + + + - - - - - - - + - - + + 1 + + + - III Polygonum convolvulus

-

-

+

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

+

-

+

-

-

-

+

-

-

-

-

-

II

Geranium pusillum + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - I Veronica persica - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - - + - - + - - - - I Polygono-Poëtea annuae Polygonum aviculare - - - - - + - - - - - - - + + + - + + + + - - - - II Artemisietea Elymus repens + + + + + + + - 1 + - + 1 + + + 1 + + + 1 + + + + V Cardaria draba + - + - - - - + - + - + - + + - - + + - - - + - 1 III Convolvulus arvensis + - + - - - - - - - - - 1 - + - + - - - 1 - + - - II Linaria vulgaris - - - - + - - - - - - + - - + - - - + - - - - - - I Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Taraxacum officinale + - - + + - + + + + - + - + + - + + + - + - - + + III Rumex crispus - - - - - - - + - + - + - - - - - - + - + - - + + II Lolium perenne - - - - - - - + - - - - + + + - - - - - - - - - - I Species met in 1-2 relevés: Muscari neglectum +(7), Setaria pumila +(24), S. verticillata +(2), S. viridis +(17, 24), Lithospermum arvense +(18), Asperugo procumbens +(7), 1(15), Hordeum murinum +(1), Bassia scoparia +(6), Xanthium strumarium +(25), Senecio vernalis +(7, 20), S. vulgaris +(4), Artemisia absinthium +(12, 19), Conium maculatum +(2), Rumex patientia +(2, 15), Leonurus cardiaca +(2), Lycium barbarum +(10), Aristolochia clematitis +(3), Falcaria vulgaris +(15, 19), Poa angustifolia +(25). Place of relevés: Cotnari vineyard: 1: Cotnari, 2: Dl. Plăieşilor, 3, 5: Juleşti, 4: Naslău; Iaşi vineyard: 6: Bucium, 7: Vişani, 8, 9, 13: Adamachi, 10: Copou; 11, 12: Şorogari, 14, 17: Breazu (1), 15: Uricani, 16: Breazu (2), 18: Moara de Vânt, 19: Doi Stejari; Huşi vineyard: 20: Cârlig, 21. Arsura, 22: Colecţia viticolă, 23: Ştrand, 24: Recea, 25. Avereşti. Date of relevés: 1-3: 15.05.00; 4-5: 20.04.99; 6-7: 10.05.00; 8-10: 13.04.97; 11-12: 2.05.97; 13-14, 16-17: 4.05.99; 15: 5.05.99; 18-19: 6.05.99; 20-21, 25: 9.05.96; 22-23: 25.06.98; 24: 11.05.01.

Table II. Lamio - Veronicetum politae Kornaš 1950 Relevee No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Slope (degrees) - 3 - 5 5 5 - 5 - - 5 - - 5 - 5 5 10 - 5 3 3 Exposure - E - E SE SV - E - - E - - SV - SV E SV - E SE E Coverage (%) 90 70 75 30 35 50 35 65 50 100 70 75 55 85 55 60 60 65 75 75 50 30 Area, sq.m. 40 30 45 40 35 40 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 25 30 30 30 40 30 30 30 30

K

Charact. ass. Lamium amplexicaule + - 3 2 2 3 2 3 3 + 3 + + + 1 + + + 1 - + + V Veronica polita 3 + + + + + - - + - + + + 1 - + + + 1 + + + V Lamium purpureum 3 3 + - + + + + + + + + 1 + - + 1 + + + - - V

105

Veronico-Euphorbion Veronica hederifolia + + - - - - + + + - 2 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 2 V Fumaria schleicheri - - + - + - + - + + + + + + + 1 + - + + - + IV Centauretalia Thlaspi arvense + + - - + - - + - + - - - - - - - - - - + - II Thlaspi perfoliatum - - - + - - - - + - + + - - - - - - - + - - II Stellarietea mediae Stellaria media + + 1 - 1 1 + - + + + + + 1 + 1 1 2 2 + + + V Capsella bursa-pastoris 1 2 - + + - + 1 + 5 1 + - - - + + + + + - + IV Bromus tectorum - + + - + - - + - - + + + - - 1 - + - - + - III Lactuca serriola - - - - - + + - - + - - + + + + + + + - + - III Cirsium arvense - - - 1 + - - + - + - + - + + - + - - - + + III Chenopodium album - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + - - - - III Descurainia sophia - - + - + - - - - - + - + - - - - - - - + + II Matricaria perforata + 1 - - - - 1 1 - + - - - - - - - - - - - + II Bilderdykia convolvulus - - - - - - - - - + - + + + - - + - - - - + II Geranium pusillum - - - - - + - - - - - - - - - + + + + - + - II Setaria viridis - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - - - - + - + - I Conyza canadensis + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + - - I Bromus sterilis - - - - - - - - - + - - - + + - - - - - - + I Papaver dubium - - - - - - - - + - - - + - - + - - - + - - I Xanthium italicum - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - - - - - - - - I Amaranthus retroflexus - - - + - - - - - - - - - + - + + - - - - - I Senecio vernalis - - - - - - - + - + - - - - - - - - - - + - I Sonchus oleraceus - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - + - - - - - - I Viola arvensis - - - - - - - + - - - - - - + - - + - - - - I Polygono-Poëtea annuae Polygonum aviculare - - - + - - + - - + - - - - - + - - - - - - I Artemisietea Convolvulus arvensis + + 1 + + - + 1 + 1 + - + - + - - + + + - + IV Cardaria draba - - - - + + - - - - + + + - + - + + - - + - II Elymus repens - + - - - + + - - - - + + + - + + - - - - - II Festuco-Brometea Holosteum umbellatum + - 2 - + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - I Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Taraxacum officinale + + - - - - - + - + - + + + + - - - - - + + III Lolium perenne - - - + - - - + - - - - - - - + + - - - - - I Rumex crispus - - - - - + - + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - I

Species met in 1-2 relevés: Setaria pumila +(14), Hordeum murinum 1(3), +(11), Senecio vulgaris +(6, 10), Sonchus arvensis +(15), Vicia sativa +(10, 17), Calamagrostis epigeios +(13, 15), Aristolochia clematitis +(9, 18), Falcaria vulgaris +(12), Linaria vulgaris +(12, 14), Cynodon dactylon +(19), Plantago lanceolata +(13). Place of relevés: Huşi vineyard: 1, 3: Roşiori, 2, 4: Pâhneşti, 5: Ştrand, 9, 13: Colecţie, 10, 11: Cârlig; 12: Arsura; Iaşi vineyard: 8, 14: Bucium, 15: Vişani, 16: Pietrărie, 17: Şorogari, 18: Copou, 19: Adamachi;; Cotnari vineyard: 20: Cotnari, 21: Naslău, 22. Juleşti. Date of relevés: 1-4, 10-12: 9.05.96; 5, 9, 13: 11.05.96; 6, 18-19: 13.04.97; 7, 17: 2.05.97; 8, 14-16: 10.05.00; 20, 22: 15.05.00; 21: 20.04.99.

106

Table III. Digitario-Setarietum pumilae Felföldy 1942 corr. Borhidi 1996 Relevee No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Slope (degrees) 3 3 5 5 5 - 5 5 5 Exposure V V E E SV - SE SE V Coverage (%) 80 55 70 75 65 65 55 50 50 Area, sq.m. 64 30 30 24 20 25 45 40 25

K

Charact. ass. Digitaria sanguinalis 4 3 3 4 2 3 3 3 3 V Setaria pumila + + 3 2 3 2 + 1 1 V Scleranthion Anthemis arvensis + + - - + - - - - II Chenopodietalia Echinochloa crus-galli - - + + - + - - + III Setaria viridis - + - - + 1 - - - II Galinsoga parviflora - - - - - - + - - I Stellarietea mediae Amaranthus retroflexus + 1 + + 1 + + + 1 V Conyza canadensis - + + - + + 1 - + IV Xanthium italicum + + - + - + - - + III Portulaca oleracea + - + - + + - - - III Chenopodium album - - + - + + + - - III Cynodon dactylon + + - - - - - + + III Atriplex patula - - + - - - + - - II Bromus tectorum - - - - - - + - + II Lactuca serriola - - - - - - + + - II Matricaria perforata + - + - - - + - - II Amaranthus powellii - - - + + - - - - II Cirsium arvense - - - - - + + + - II Senecio vulgaris - - - - - - + + - II Solanum nigrum - + - - - + - + - II Stellaria media - - - - - - 1 + - II Trifolium arvense - - - - - - + - - I Bromus hordeaceus - - - - - - + - - I Polygonum convolvulus - - - - + - - - - I Sonchus oleraceus - - - - - + - - - I Torilis arvensis - - - - - - + - - I Polygono-Poëtea annuae Polygonum aviculare - - - - - - - - + I Artemisietea Convolvulus arvensis + + + + + 1 - + + V Elymus repens - + + - 1 + - - - III Linaria vulgaris + - - - + + + - + III Crepis foetida subsp. rhoeadifolia + - - - - - + - - II Cardaria draba - - - - - + - + - II Chondrilla juncea + - - - - + - - - II Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Taraxacum officinale - - + - - + + - - II Lolium perenne - - + - - - - - - I Trifolium repens - - - - - - + - - I Rorippa austriaca + - - - - - - - - I

Place of relevés: 1: Cârlig, 2-4: Pâhneşti, 5-Avereşti, 6: Rusca (Huşi); 7-Pietrăria; 8-Ciurea (Iaşi vineyard); 9-Dl. Morii (Cotnari vineyard).

Date of relevés: 1-5: 26.08. 98; 6: 28. 08. 99; 7: 3. 08 98; 8: 4. 08. 98; 9: 28 07. 99

107

Table IV. Setario-Galinsogetum parviflorae Tx. 1950 em. Müll. et Oberd. in Oberd. 1983 Relevee No. 1 2 3 4 5 Slope (degrees) 5 - - 5 - Exposure SSV - - E - Coverage (%) 75 90 95 90 70 Area, sq.m. 40 50 50 30 30

K

Charact. ass. Galinsoga parviflora 4 4 5 4 3 V Setaria viridis + 2 + 2 2 V Digitaria sanguinalis - + - + + III Panico-Setarion & Chenopodietalia Echinochloa crus-galli + + + + + V Setaria pumila - - + - - I Stellarietea mediae Amaranthus retroflexus + + + + 1 V Chenopodium album + + + + + V Stellaria media 1 + + + + V Lactuca serriola + + - + + IV Cirsium arvense - + + + + IV Sonchus oleraceus - + - + + III Conyza canadensis - + - + - II Amaranthus powellii + - - - + II Solanum nigrum + - + - - II Fumaria schleicheri - + - - - I Polygonum convolvulus + - - - - I Capsella bursa-pastoris + - - - - I Polygono-Poëtea annuae Polygonum aviculare - + - - + II Artemisietea Elymus repens + + 1 + + V Convolvulus arvensis - + + + + IV Crepis foetida subsp. rhoeadifolia - + - + + III Ballota nigra - - + - - I Daucus carota - + - - - I Tanacetum vulgare - + - - - I Linaria vulgaris - - - + - I Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Taraxacum officinale - + - + - II

Place of relevés: 1: Uricani, 2-3: Vişani, 4: Pietrăria, 5: Bucium (Iaşi vineyard)

Date of relevés: 1: 6.VII. 98; 2,3: 6. 08. 97; 4: 3. 08. 98; 5: 7. 08.98

Table V. Echinochloo-Setarietum pumilae Felföldy 1942 em. Mucina 1993 Relevee No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Slope (degrees) 3 3 - 3 - 3 3 5 3 - 3 5 5 - - - - 5 3 3 10 3 5 5 10 Exposure E SE - SE - E E E E - SE E SE - - - - E E E E E E SE E Coverage (%) 95 90 80 95 60 85 60 95 85 95 75 85 85 95 95 100 65 50 55 55 75 70 60 65 65 Area, sq.m. 30 44 35 30 30 35 40 50 40 10

050 30 30 35 35 40 35 25 35 35 30 30 25 35 30

K

Charact. ass. Echinochloa crus-galli 3 5 + 5 + 3 3 1 2 5 4 + 2 4 5 3 3 + 2 1 + 1 1 1 1 V Setaria pumila 3 + 3 1 3 1 1 5 3 + + 4 3 2 + 3 1 3 2 3 + + - - - V Panico-Setarion & Chenopodietalia Setaria viridis - + + - + + + + - + - - - + - + + - + + 4 3 3 3 3 IV

108

Galinsoga parviflora - - - - - - - - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - I Stellarietea mediae Conyza canadensis + - - + + + + - - - + + + + 1 + + + - + + + + - + IV Amaranthus retroflexus + + + + + 2 + + 2 - 1 + 1 1 + 1 + + + 1 - - + - - IV Chenopodium album - - + 1 + + + + + + + + + 1 + + + + - - + + - + + IV Cirsium arvense + - + + 1 + + + - + + + - + + + + + - + + + - + - IV Solanum nigrum - + - + + + + - - + + - + + + + + + - + + - + + - IV Lactuca serriola - - - + + - + - + + + + + + + - + - - - - + + + + III Capsella bursa-pastoris - - - + + + + - - - - + - - + + + - - - + 2 1 1 1 III Stellaria media + - - - 1 1 1 + 1 - - 1 - - - 1 1 + 1 + - + + + - III Digitaria sanguinalis - - - - - - + + + + + - - + - - + + - - - - - + - II Hibiscus trionum - + + + + - - - - - - - + + + - - - + - - - - + - II Bromus tectorum 1 - - + + 1 - - - - - + + + + 1 - - - + - - - - - II Matricaria perforata + - - - - + + - - - - - - + + + + - - - + + + - - II Xanthium italicum - - + + - - - + - - - - 1 - + - - - - - + + - - - II Amaranthus powellii - - - - - + + + - 1 + - + - - + + - - - - - - - - II Senecio vulgaris - - - - - + + - - - - + - - - + + - - - + - - + - II Sonchus arvensis - - - - + 1 + - - + - - - + + 1 + - - - - - - - + II Sonchus asper - - - + - - - - - + - - - - + - - + - - - - - - - I Portulaca oleracea - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - I Lathyrus tuberosus - - - + - - - - - - - + - + + - - - - - - - - - - I Thlaspi arvense - - + + - - - - - - - - + - - - - - - - - - - - I Atriplex patula + - - - - - - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - I Atriplex tatarica - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + I Bromus arvensis - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - - - - - - - - - I Crepis tectorum - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - - - - - + + - - I Descurainia sophia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - - - - - - - - - I Polygonum convolvulus

-

-

+

+

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

+

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

+

+

+

-

I

Lamium amplexicaule - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - I Senecio vernalis - - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - I Sinapis arvensis - - 3 + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - I Sonchus oleraceus - - - + - - - - - - + - - - - - - - - - + - - - - I Veronica persica - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - I Geranium pusillum - - - - - - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - I Polygono-Poëtea annuae Polygonum aviculare + - - - + - + - - - - - - - - - + - - + + + + + + II Artemisietea Artemisia absinthium - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + I Reseda lutea - - - + - - - - - - - - - + - - - - - - - - - - - I Rumex patientia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + I Tragopogon dubius - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - - - I Crepis foetida subsp. rhoeadifolia

-

-

-

+

+

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

I

Aristolochia clematitis - - - + - - - - - - - - - + + - - - - - - - - - - I Calamagrostis epigeios - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - 1 - I Convolvulus arvensis 1 + + + + + 1 + + + - + 1 + 1 + 1 + + + + + + + 1 V Cardaria draba + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - I Elymus repens - - - - - - - + + + + + - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - II Falcaria vulgaris - - - - - - - - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - I Linaria vulgaris - - - - - - - - + + - - - - - - - - - + + - - - - I Festuco-Brometea Aegilops cylindrica - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - - - - - + - - - - I Arenaria serpyllifolia - - - + - - - - - - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - I Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Taraxacum officinale - - - + - + + - + + - + - + + + + - - + - + + + + III

109

Lolium perenne - - - + + + - - + - - + - - + + - + + + - - - - - II Rorippa austriaca 1 - - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - - - - I

Place of relevés: Cotnari vineyard: 1- Cotnari, 2-Dl. Plăieşilor, 3-Dl. Morii, 4-Juleşti, 5-Hodora, 23-Naslău ; Iaşi vineyard: 6-Adamachi, 7, 25-Şorogari, 8-Doi Peri, 9, 12-Pietrăria, 10-Vişani, 11, 24-Ciurea, 13-Uricani; Huşi vineyard: 14, 15-Ferma 4 Colecţie, 16, 17-Cârlig, 18-Pâhneşti, 19, 20-Avereşti, 21-Podgoria, 22-Arsura. Date of relevés: 1: 26.07.99; 2: 27.07.99; 3-5: 28.07.99; 23: 31. 07. 00; 6: 15. 08. 00; 7, 25: 18. 07. 96; 8: 1. 08. 98; 9, 12: 3. 08. 98; 10: 6. 08. 97; 11, 24: 4.08.98; 13: 6. 07. 98; 14, 15: 12. 07. 99; 16, 17: 16. 07. 99; 18-20, 22: 17. 07. 99; 21: 13. 07. 99; 23: 31. 07. 00.

Table VI. Portulacetum oleracei Felföldy 1942 Relevee No. 1 2 3 4 5 Slope (degrees) - 2 2 2 3 Exposure - E SE SV SE Coverage (%) 55 75 85 50 45 Area, sq.m. 25 30 30 20 25

K

Charact. ass. Portulaca oleracea 3 4 4 3 3 V Amarantho-Chenopodion & Eragrostetalia Digitaria sanguinalis + - - + + III Hibiscus trionum + - - - + II Cynodon dactylon - + + - + III Stellarietea mediae Amaranthus retroflexus + + + - - III Echinochloa crus-galli + - 1 - - II Setaria viridis - - 1 + - II Conyza canadensis - + - - + II Amaranthus powellii + - - - + II Cirsium arvense 1 - - + - II Solanum nigrum + - + - - II Setaria pumila - + - - - I Bromus sterilis - + - - - I Chenopodium album - - - + - I Chenopodium strictum - + - - - I Senecio vulgaris - - - + - I Polygono-Poëtea annuae Polygonum aviculare - + - - - I Artemisietea Convolvulus arvensis + + - + - III Cardaria draba + - - - - I Festuco-Brometea Chondrilla juncea - - - - + I

Place of relevés: 1: Cepleniţa-Cotnari; 2: Recea-Huşi; 3: Dl. Plăieşilor-Cotnari; 4: Uricani-Iaşi; 5: Ciurea-Iaşi. Date of relevés: 1: 1.08. 00; 2: 24. 06. 98; 3: 27.07. 99; 4: 6. 07. 98; 5: 4. 08. 99.

110

Table VII. Amarantho-Chenopodietum albi (Morariu 1943) Soó (1947) 1953 xanthietosum italici Burduja et Horeanu 1976

Relevee No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Slope (degrees) - - 5 2 - - Exposure - - E E - - Coverage (%) 100 100 85 75 100 100 Area, sq.m. 100 50 50 50 100 100

K

Charact. ass. Amaranthus retroflexus + + + + + 1 V Chenopodium album - + - + + + IV Dif. subas. Xanthium italicum 5 5 4 4 5 5 V Eragrostetalia Hibiscus trionum - + - - + + III Stellarietea mediae Echinochloa crus-galli + + - + + 1 V Cirsium arvense + + + + + 1 V Conyza canadensis + - 1 - + + IV Lactuca serriola + - + - + + IV Matricaria perforata - - + - + + III Setaria pumila + + - - - - II Setaria viridis - - + + - - II Bromus tectorum - + + - - - II Descurainia sophia - - - - + + II Sonchus arvensis - - 1 + - - II Agropyretalia Elymus repens + - + 1 + + V Convolvulus arvensis + - + - + + IV Cardaria draba - - - - + + II Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Rorippa austriaca + - - - + + III Taraxacum officinale - - + + - - II Lolium perenne - - - + - - I

Species met in a single relevé: Atriplex patula +(4), Bromus arvensis +(3), Polygonum convolvulus +(3), Capsella bursa-pastoris +(3), Sinapis arvensis +(1), Sonchus oleraceus +(3), Veronica persica +(3), Plantago major +(6), Conium maculatum +(1), Daucus carota +(2), Reseda lutea +(3), Calamagrostis epigeios +(3), Falcaria vulgaris +(5), Linaria vulgaris +(3). Place of relevés: Huşi vineyard: - 1: Colecţia viticolă, 2: Rusca: 3: Podgoria, 4: Ochi, 5: Arsura; Cotnari vineyard: 6: Dealul Morii. Date of relevés: 1: 28.08.99; 2: 29.08.99; 3; 4: 13.07.99; 5: 22.06.98; 6: 28.07.98.

Table VIII. Amarantho-Chenopodietum albi (Morariu 1943) Soó (1947) 1953

Relevee No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36Slope (degrees) - 5 - 5 5 - 5 5 5 5 10 5 - 5 - 5 5 5 3 10 3 2 2 - 3 - 3 5 5 - - 5 3 5 5 5Exposure - E - E E - SV E SE E S E - - SE SV E E SV E E E S - SE - S V E - - SV SE E E SVCoverage (%) 60 80 85 80 70 75 80 80 85 80 80 60 10

075 10

095 85 30 35 55 65 70 75 65 80 90 80 10

0 100

95 55 70 100

75 100

95

Area, sq.m. 50 35 40 50 50 50 50 40 40 40 45 40 35 30 40 25 35 30 30 35 40 40 30 30 30 40 35 45 50 40 40 30 40 40 40 40

K

Charact. ass. Amaranthus retroflexus 3 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 + 3 5 3 4 4 4 2 2 3 3 3 + 3 4 4 4 5 5 + + 2 + 1 2 + VChenopodium album + + + + + + + + + + 4 + + 2 3 2 1 + + + 1 1 4 1 + 1 + + + + + + + + + + V Amaranthus powellii - - + - - - + + + + + + - + 1 - + + - - + 1 - - - - - - + 5 3 3 5 3 4 4 III Amarantho-Chenopodion & Eragrostetalia Portulaca oleracea - - - 1 + + + + + - - - - + + - - - - - - + - + - + - + - - + - - + + - IIICynodon dactylon + + - - + + + + 1 - - 1 + - - - 1 - - - - + 1 + 1 - 1 + - - + + + - - - IIIHibiscus trionum - - - - + + - - + - - - - + - - + - - - - - - + - + + - + + - - + - - + II Stellarietea mediae Echinochloa crus-galli + - 1 + 2 1 - - + + + - 1 1 + + - + - + 1 + - + + 1 + + 1 + + + + + + + V Cirsium arvense + + + + + + + + + + - + + + + + + - + + + - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + V Solanum nigrum + + 1 - + + + + + + + + + + + - - + - - + + + + - + + + 1 + + + + + + - V Setaria viridis + + - + + - + + + + 1 + + + - - - + + - + - - + + - + + + + + + + + + - IV Lactuca serriola + - + + - + - + - - - 1 + - - + - + - - + + + + + + + - + + + + - - + 2 IV Sonchus arvensis - - + + - + - + + + - - + + - - + - - + - - + + + + + - - - + + + + + + IV Conyza canadensis - - - - - - + - + + + - - + - - - + + + + + + - - - + + + - - + + + + + IIIStellaria media - + - - + - + + + + - + 2 + - + + + + - + - - - - - - - - + 1 + + + + + III Digitaria sanguinalis - - + + + - - - + - - - - - - - - + + - - - - - + - - - - + - - - - + II Lathyrus tuberosus - + - - + - - - + - - - - + - - - - - - - - - + - - - + + - - - - + - + IIBromus tectorum - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + + + + + + 1 - - - - - - + IIXanthium italicum - - - - - - - + - - - - - - - + - - - - + + + + - 1 - - 1 + - + - - - - IICapsella bursa-pastoris - - - - - + - - - + - - + + + - + + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - + 2 2 + IIGalinsoga parviflora - - - - - - - - - - + + - + + - - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - I Setaria pumila - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - + - + - - - - - - - - - - + - - - - - - - ISetaria verticillata + - - + - - - - - - - - - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + - - + ISonchus asper - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - - - - - - IThlaspi arvense - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - - + + - - - - - - - IAtriplex patula + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - IAtriplex tatarica - - - - - - - - - + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - - - - - - IMatricaria perforata - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - + - - - - - - + - - - - - - - ISonchus oleraceus - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - I

111

Polygono-Poëtea annuae Polygonum aviculare - - - - - - - - - + - + - + - - - + - - - + - + - - - - - - - - - + - + II Artemisietea Convolvulus arvensis 1 1 + + + + 1 + 1 1 + + + + - + + + - + 1 + + 1 + + + + + + + + + - - - V Elymus repens - - - + - + - + - - - - + + + + + + - 1 1 + - + + + + + + + - + + 1 + + IV Aristolochia clematitis 1 1 - - - - 1 + - + - - - + - - - + - - - 1 - - - - + - + - - + + + 1 - IICrepis foetida subsp. rhoeadifolia

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

+

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

+

+

-

I

Lycium barbarum - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - + 1 - - - ICardaria draba - - - - + + - - - + - - - - - - - - - - + - - - - - + - - - - - - + + - IBromus inermis - - - - - - - - - - - + - - - + - - - - - - - - - - + - - - - - - - - - I Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Taraxacum officinale + + + - + - - + + + + 1 - + - + - - + - + + + + - + - + + + + + + + + + IV Rumex crispus - - - - - - - + - - - - - - - + + - - - - - - - - - + - - - - - - - - + I

Species met in 1-2 relevés: Fumaria schleicheri +(24, 29), Chenopodium polyspermum +(15, 16), Cynanchum acutum +(23), Bromus arvensis +(24, 29), B. sterilis +(24), Descurainia sophia +(29), Hordeum murinum +(12, 25), Papaver dubium +(14), Xanthium strumarium +(31), Polygonum convolvulus 1(19), +(29), Geranium pusillum +(13), Lamium purpureum +(19), Senecio vernalis +(29), S. vulgaris +(16), Sinapis arvensis +(29, 31), Veronica polita +(19), Vicia villosa +(20, 29), Plantago major +(11), Artemisia absinthium +(20), Reseda lutea +(29), Ballota nigra +(36), Conium maculatum +(12), Daucus carota +(17, 29), Lappula squarrosa +(29), Rumex obtusifolius +(34), Malva sylvestris +(11), Mellilotus officinalis +(36), Falcaria vulgaris +(30), Linaria vulgaris +(22, 24), Tussilago farfara +(20), Medicago lupulina +(4, 33), Lolium perenne +(19), Pastinaca graveolens +(19), Rorippa austriaca +(29). Place of relevés: Cotnari vineyard: 1, 2: Naslău, 3: Dl. Morii, 4: Juleşti, 5: Rotila; Iaşi vineyard: 6: Doi Stejari (Şorogari); 7, 30, 31: Adamachi, 8: Breazu, 9, 32, 33: Copou, 10: Şorogari, 11: Uricani, 12: Uric, 13: Moara de Vânt (Şorogari), 14: Vişani, 15: Ciurea, 16, 17, 36: Bucium, 18: Doi Peri, 19: Pietrărie; Huşi vineyard: 20: Roşiori, 21: Avereşti, 22: Ochi, 23, 25: Ştrand, 24, 26: Ferma Colecţie, 27: Recea, 28: Arsura, 29: Pâhneşti. Date of relevés: 1: 27.07.99; 2: 31.07.00; 3: 28.07.99; 4: 28.07.99; 5: 29.07.99; 6: 16.07.97; 7: 23.07.98; 8: 14.08.98; 9: 6.09.97; 10: 20.07.97, 11, 12: 6.07.98; 13: 18.06.97; 14, 34, 35: 6.08.97; 15: 4.08.98; 16, 17: 7.08.97; 18: 1.08.98; 19: 3.08.98; 20: 23.06.98; 21: 16.07.99; 22, 26: 28.08.99; 23, 24: 24.06.98; 25, 27: 18.07.99; 28: 17.07.99; 29: 26.08.99.

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