vegetable garden insects
DESCRIPTION
Vegetable Garden Insects. Getting Started on Managing Pests. Identify the pest Can the pest be manually controlled (trapping, handpicking, squashing, shop vac , etc.)? Would physical barriers such as floating row cover or cardboard collars at the plant base protect the crop? - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Vegetable Garden Insects
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Getting Started on Managing Pests
• Identify the pest• Can the pest be manually controlled (trapping,
handpicking, squashing, shop vac, etc.)? • Would physical barriers such as floating row cover or
cardboard collars at the plant base protect the crop? • Have you applied excessive quantities of readily available
nitrogen that might unduly attract plant feeding insects? • Least toxic options are the first choice – even some of
those can harm beneficials
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How to Identify from Damage
Chewing mouthparts damage
Piercing / sucking mouthparts damage
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Chewing Examples• Blister beetles• Cabbage loopers• Corn earworms• Cut worms• Earwigs• Flea beetles• Grape leaf skeletonizer• Grasshoppers• Leaf miner grubs• Slugs/snails• Tomato hornworms• Weevils
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Blister beetles
• Shake off plant and step on them
• Shop vac• Carbaryl on beetles
and host plants
Bean, beet, carrot, cabbage, Chinese cabbage, corn, eggplant, melon, mustard, pea, pepper, potato, radish, spinach, squash, sweet potato, tomato, turnip
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Cabbage Loopers• Ragged holes in leaves• Hand pick; Bt
Broccoli, cabbage, turnip, radish
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Corn earworms• Moths active at night; full grown larvae up to 1 ½” long• Hatch from eggs laid on fresh corn silks; feed on leaves, tassels, whorl within ear, and ear
• Developing kernels within ears are eaten; extensive excrement at ear tip
• Plant early• Bt; 5% carbaryl dust by hand brush to individual ear silks starting when new silks first appear and continuing at 2-3 day intervals until silks stop growing• Lacewings; pirate bugs; damsel bugs
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Cutworms• Larvae of several species of night-flying moths; ½ to 1-1/2" long; live underground; nocturnal• Young stems severed at ground level• Collar buried 1" below ground and 3" above around
seedlings• Place boards on ground at night – collect worm in AM• Bt; carbaryl• Predators: beetles, birds, parasitic wasps
Asparagus, cabbage, squash, tomato
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Earwigs
• Feed on live or dead insects and decaying or live vegetation
• Lay out rolls of newspaper in evening & collect earwigs in morning
• Carbaryl
Not selective
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Flea beetles
• Manage weeds• Cover plants• Surround (kaolinitic clay)• Carbaryl
Eggplant, tomato, potato
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Grape Leaf Skeletonizer
• Chewed upper and lower leaf, all but veins• Bt• Pyrethrum dust• Carbaryl
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Grasshoppers
• Row-cover cloth• Nosema locustae bait• Poultry• Carbaryl
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Leaf Miner Damage
• Small maggots of tiny flies hatch from eggs and live in leaves• Light colored trails in leaves• Yellow sticky traps
Cantaloupe, lettuce, tomato, pepper, eggplant, bean
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Lesser Goldfinch Damage
Sunflower, squash, and rhubarb leaves
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Tomato hornworm
Parasitic wasp eggs
• Hand pick• Lady beetles & lacewings eat eggs• Bt; carbaryl• Tilling soil after harvest causes up to 90% mortality
Tomato, eggplant, pepper, potato
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Piercing / Sucking Examples
• Aphids• Beet leaf hoppers • Grape leaf hoppers• Squash bugs• Stink bugs• Thrips
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Aphids
• Give birth to live aphids • Population declines with heat • Honeydew, ants• Lady beetle, lacewing• Insecticidal soap; high pressure hose
Cabbage, collard, kale, turnip, mustard, broccoli, cauliflower, Brussel sprout, radish
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Beet Leafhopper
Tomato, beet, pepper, squash, bean, squash, melon, cucumber, spinach, potato
• Manage weeds• Plant after end of June• Protect young plants• Remove infected plants
Curly Top Virus
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False Chinch Bugs
Adults and nymphs
• Tendency to sit in large masses on soil at base of attacked plants• Stunting and/or wilting• Eliminate mustard & other annual weeds
Grape, squash, melon, tomato, corn, potato
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Spider mites• Suck sap from undersides of leaves• Webbing; speckles on leaves • Spray w/ water; home remedy;
insecticidal soaps; several predators
Melon, raspberry, eggplant, bean
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Squash bugs• Yellow specks, then wilting, ultimately black or dried out
leaves• Collect/destroy egg clusters on underside of leaves; insecticidal
soap, Neem when insects small; trap adults under board or burlap
Pumpkin , squash, cucumber, melon
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Thrips
• Overwinter under litter on ground• Edges of leaves curled; discolored or distorted plant tissue; black specks of excrement around stippled leaf surfaces• Home remedy; destroy infected buds and blooms; Neem; lady beetles
Bean, garlic, onion, pepper, pumpkin, squash, cucumber, melon
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Beneficials – Lady Beetle
Adults & larvae feed on aphids
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Beneficials - LacewingsAdults feed on nectar, pollen, and honeydew
Larva feed on aphids, other small insects, eggs, & mites
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Beneficials - Ground beetle
Prey on vegetable and field crop insects (e.g. army cut worm, cutworms, corn ear
worms, small crickets) at night
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Products for Chewing Insects
Stomach poison (must be ingested)–Bt for caterpillars (bacterium)–Carbaryl (either ingested or on
contact) (chemical)
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Products for Piercing/Sucking Insects
Contact poison (kills by burning, asphyxiation, or paralysis)– Insecticidal soap (damages outer membrane;
causes dehydration & starvation)– Insecticidal oil (suffocates; primarily used on eggs
and immature stages)– Home Remedy– Neem oil (poison, repellent, deterrent to feeding)– Carbaryl (either by ingestion or contact)