veac demographics report final 14.7.09
TRANSCRIPT
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Demographiccharacteristicsofcommunities
withinthe
MelbourneInvestigationAreaReportpreparedforthe
VictorianEnvironmentalAssessmentCouncil
MetropolitanMelbourneInvestigation
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TableofContents
Introduction 4
Population 6
Populationchange 7
Housing
8
Agestructure 9
Ethnicity 12
Socioeconomicstatus 13
Journeytowork 15
Diurnalpopulations
16
APPENDIX:
SummarydataforLocalGovernmentAreasintheMelbourneInvestigationArea 17
Technical Note: Geographical scales used in this report
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ListofFigures1. MelbourneInvestigationAreaLocalGovernmentAreas
2. Melbournesurbandevelopment1851to2004
3. PopulationofMelbourne1836to2006
4.
Proposed
Urban
Growth
Boundary
2009
Melbourne
Investigation
Area
5. Populationdensity2006CensusCollectionDistrictsinInvestigationArea
6. LGApopulationasapercentageofInvestigationAreapopulation2006
7. Indigenouspopulation2006StatisticalLocalAreasinInvestigationArea
8. Populationchange1996to2006SuburbsinInvestigationArea
9. Projectedpopulationgrowth2006to2026LGAsinInvestigationArea
10. Growthindexforhouseholds,dwellingsandpopulation1981to2006Victoria,
11. Averagehouseholdanddwellingsize1991to2003MetropolitanMelbourne
12. Medianhouseprice1996to2006SuburbsinInvestigationarea
13. Agestructure2006SelectedLGAsinInvestigationArea
14. Proportionofpopulationaged65yearsandover2006StatisticalLocalAreasin
InvestigationArea
15. Projectedagestructure2006and2026MelbourneStatisticalDivision.
16. Proportionofoverseasborn2006StatisticalLocalAreasinInvestigationArea
17. Proportionofoverseasbornwhohavearrivedsince2001StatisticalLocalAreasin
InvestigationArea2006
18. Medianindividualincome2006StatisticalLocalAreasinInvestigationArea
19.
Indexof
disadvantage
2006
Statistical
Local
Areas
in
Investigation
Area
20. Proportionofpopulationnotinthelabourforce2006StatisticalLocalAreasin
InvestigationArea
21. Journeytowork,modeoftravel2006MelbourneInvestigationArea
22 Journey to work selectedmodes of travel 2006 Melbourne Investigation Area
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Introduction
TheMelbourne
Investigation
Area
coversmostofmetropolitan
Melbourne1.Itcomprises29Local
GovernmentAreasandanareaof
5,640squarekilometres(figure1).
Byworldstandardsmetropolitan
Melbourneisalowdensity,sprawling
city.Founded
in
1836,
the
colonial
townestablisheditselfasaport.
Withtheadventofthe1850sgold
rush,itdevelopedrapidlyastheport
throughwhichmanynewmigrants
arrivedontheirwaytothegoldfields.
The1880ssawfurtherdevelopment
andalargeamountofurban
subdivisionand
land
speculation
took
placeatthistime(figure2).Itcame
toanabrupthaltwiththedepression
ofthe1890sandmanyofthe
speculativesubdivisionslayvacant
formanydecades.
The20th
centurysawcontinued
expansionofthecitywhich,atthe
endoftheSecondWorldWarhad
apopulationofaround1.2million.
Followingthewar,thecity
expandedgreatlydueto:strong
overseasmigration;thepostWar
babyboom;andgrowingpersonal
mobilitybroughtbywiderlevelsof
hi A lt
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Thebeginningofthenewcenturysawconcernsbeingraisedaboutthisongoingexpansionofthecity
andits
suburbs.
By
1996,
metropolitanMelbournes
population
had
reached
3.3
million
and
its
physicalbreadthwasaround90kilometres(WerribeetoPakenham).In2002anUrbanGrowth
BoundarywasintroducedaspartoftheMelbourne2030metropolitanplan.Anextensiontothis
occurredin2005andanotherproposedin2009duetounexpectedlyrapidpopulationgrowth(figure
4).
LocalGovernmentAreas(LGAs)in
theMelbourneInvestigationArea
varyin
size
from
Yarra
and
Port
Phillip,whicharearound20square
kilometresinarea,toouter
municipalitiesofMeltonWyndham
andHumeeacharound500square
kilometres in size The largest LGA
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Population
PopulationdensityPopulationdensityishighestin
areasthathavebeensettledthe
longestandcontainpredominantly
residentiallanduses.Suburbs
developedafterWorldWarTwo
tendtobeoflowerdensitydueto
thegreater
accessibility
of
areas
madepossiblethroughwidespread
carownershipanduse.The
influenceofMelbournesrailand
tramsystemsisevidentinthe
higherdensitiesfoundalongthese
linesofaccessibility(figure5).
Areasalong
the
Yarra
Valley
have
lowerpopulationdensitiesdueto
theconstraintscreatedbyflooding
andlandconservationwhilemany
areastothewestandaroundMonashshowapatchypatternofsettlementdensityduetothe
presenceoflargeareasofcommercialandindustrialland.AnotherfeatureofMelbournesplanning
anddevelopmentisthelocationofgreenwedgeswhichactasbreaksbetweencorridorsofurban
development.Eachofthesewedgesisevidentonthepopulationdensitymap.
PopulationdistributionTheInvestigationareahadan
EstimatedResidentPopulation
(ERP2)of3,459,140in2006.This
represents67.5percentof
Victoriaspopulation.
Municipalitieswiththegreatest
shareofthispopulationtendtobe
largeinsizeandarelocatedin
outerorfringeareas,notably
Casey, Monash and Brimbank.
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IndigenouspopulationAccordingtothe2006census,the
InvestigationArea
was
home
to
around12,600Indigenous
persons,representing0.4percent
oftheAreastotalpopulation.The
strongestclusterofIndigenous
residentsisinthemunicipalityof
Darebin,particularlyaroundthe
suburbofPreston.Northcoteto
thesouth
and
Whittlesea
to
the
northarealsohometorelatively
highproportionsofIndigenous
people(figure7).Otherthanthese
locations,Indigenouspeopleare
foundingreaterproportionsin
outersuburbsofMelbourne.
Populationchange
PopulationchangeThestrongestpopulationgrowthhasoccurredinoutersuburbs(newhousingestates)andincentral
Melbourne(high
density
apartment
style
development
in
locations
such
as
Docklands
and
Southbank).Growthhasbeensteadyinmostothersuburbanareasalthoughseveralbandsof
populationdeclinecanbeseeninoutersuburbstotheeast,westandnorthwest(figure8).This
coincideswithsuburbsthatweredevelopedinthe1970sand1980sandattractedlargenumbersof
youngfamilies(asfringesuburbsstilldotoday).
Sincethemid1990sthesesuburbs
haveexperiencedalossofyoung
adultsleavinghomethusleaving
apopulationofemptynesters.
Withhouseholdsizesdiminishingas
aresultofthisout movementof
youngadults,suchsuburbs
i l i d
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FuturepopulationgrowthPopulationprojectionspreparedby
theVictorianGovernmentindicate
continuedstrongpopulation
growthincentralMelbourneandin
fringesuburbsdesignatedfor
futureurbandevelopment(figure
9).Areasoflowergrowthcanbe
foundin
middle
and
outer
suburbs
andareastothenortheast.No
municipalityintheInvestigation
Areaisprojectedtoexperience
populationdeclineoverthecoming
twodecades.
Populationgrowthinanareamay
involveincreased
areas
of
land
usedforhousing.Alternativelyit
mayinvolveincreaseddensityof
population theexampleof
MelbourneCityCouncilisacasein
pointwherethedensityis
projectedtodoubleinthe20yearperiodto2026.Thismayplaceincreasingdemandonpublicland
andfacilitiesinthecentralcityarea.Notehowever,thatsuchassetsalreadycaterforapopulation
muchgreater
than
their
resident
population
due
to
the
large
numbers
of
daytime
visitors
(commuters)andtouristsattractedtocentralMelbourne.
Housing
Housingdemandhasincreasedmorestronglythanpopulationgrowthinrecentdecades.Thisis
largelybecauseofdeclininghouseholdsize(fewerpeopleperhouse).Evenapopulationwhichisnot
growingstronglyislikelytoneedanincreasingnumberanddiversityofhouses(figure10).
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Althoughhouseholdsizeisdecreasing,thesizeofnewhousesacrossmostofMelbourneis
increasing.Thiscanreflectincreasingrealwealthaswellaschanginglifestylesforexample,the
needfor
home
office
space
or
the
desire
to
have
home
theatres
and
other
activity
space
(figure
11).
PriceofHousingGenerally,housepricesarehigher
incentralandinnersuburbswhere
accesstotheCentralBusiness
Districtisgreater.However,
suburbsfurther
from
the
central
areawithhighamenityvalues(for
example,proximitytoPortPhillip
Bay,YarraValleyorDandenong
Rangeshavehigherhousevalues.
Thecentraleasternsuburbsaround
StonningtonandWhitehorsealso
havehighhousepricesbecauseof
accessto
private
education
facilities(figure12).
HousingandpubliclandAsacommunity,weareconsuming
morelandthaninthepastandthis
hasaneffectontheexpansionof
theurban
area
into
previously
rural
areas.Urbanconsolidationisone
policywhichaimstolessentheimpactofurbansprawl.Higherdensityhousingmayincrease
populationinsomeareas,potentiallyincreasingdemandoruseofpublicopenspaceandpublic
facilities.Provisionofopenspaceinhighdensitylocationsmaybechallengingduetolimited
availablespace,howeverinnovativeurbandesignapproachescanenhanceandmaximizepublic
spaceopportunitiesinsuchlocations.
Agestructure
AgestructureandpubliclandDifferentagegroupshavedifferentuseofpubliclandanddifferentneedsintermsofpublicfacilities
(eg.playgroundsforchildren,sportsovalsforteenagers,walkingpathwaysandseatingforseniors).
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Outersuburbs,bycontrast,showthepresenceoffamilyagegroupswithparents(3049)and
children(019)moredominant.Suchanageprofileisevidentinsuburbsthathavebeenrecently
developedwithyoungfamiliesbeingamajormarketfornewhousing.Establishedareasusuallyshow
amixoffeaturesastheyhaveexperiencedwavesofdevelopment,redevelopmentandpopulation
t B f thi th i fil h l ti l t ti ll
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YoungeragegroupsYoung
adults
tend
to
locate
in
centralandinnersuburbs.Forthis
reasonthemedianageofcentral
Melbourneislessthan30years
andproportionsofpeopleaged65
yearsandoverislessthan7%.
Someouterareasalsohavevery
lowproportionsofolderpeopleas
youngfamilies
tend
to
locate
in
newlydevelopedsuburbssuchas
MeltonandWyndham.
ProjectedagestructureWhileMelbournespopulationis
projectedtogrowstronglyoverthe
comingdecades,
particular
age
groupswillincreasetoagreater
extentthanothers(figure15).
ThelargenumberofpeopleborninthepostWorldWarTwobabyboomperiodarereaching
retirementageandtheywillcontributetolargenumbersofpeopleaged55yearsandoverbetween
2006and2026.
Highlevelsofoverseasmigrationwillcontributetogreaternumbersofpeopleintheir20sand30s
whicharepeakyearsforhavingchildren.Hence,by2026thereisalargenumberoffamilies(adults
aged25to40)andchildren(aged015)inthepopulation.Theseagegroupswilllessentheimpactof
populationageingonMelbournespopulationstructure.
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Ethnicity
EthnicityandpubliclandSomesurveyresearchhasbeen
undertakeninrelationtousageof
parksandpublicfacilitiesbyethnic
groups.Conclusionsfromsuch
researchisnotalwaysconsistent.The
SydneyParksGrouphasundertaken
regular
community
surveys
of
public
parkusageintheSydneymetropolitan
area(Environmetrics1998,2001and
TavernerResearch20043).Findings
suggestlittledifferenceinparkusage
betweenoverseasbornandAustralian
born,althoughthosespeakinga
languageotherthanEnglishathome
wereless
likely
to
have
visited
apark
intheweekprecedingthesurvey.
Anothersurveyconductedbythe
MonashTourismResearchUnitin
2008suggestslowerratesofparkuse
byfirstgenerationmigrants4.
OverseasbornThehighestproportionsofoverseas
bornarefoundinlocationsaround
FootscrayMaribyrnonginthewest,
PrestonCoburginthenorthand
DandenongSpringvaleinthesouth
east(figure16).Thesepatternsreflect
manywavesofpostWorldWarTwo
migration.
Thelocationalpatternofrecent
migrantarrivals(since2001)showsa
somewhatdifferentpatternthanthe
total overseas born population (figure
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Socioeconomicstatus
IncomeIncomeisacriticalfactorin
determiningchoicesand
opportunitiesforpeople.Those
onlowincomesmayface
constraintsintermsofaccessto
facilitiesorservicesthatare
costly
or
that
involve
transport
costs.Ontheotherhand,public
openspacecanprovidelowcost
recreationalopportunities
especiallywhenitislocated
withinreasonabledistancefrom
thoseonlowincomes.
Withinthe
Investigation
Area,
areasofhighestincomeare
foundtotheeast(Boroondara,
Stonnington,Yarra,PortPhillip)
andtothewestinWerribee
South(SanctuaryLakesand
PointCook).Areasoflowest
incomeincludeabandinthe
westernand
northern
suburbs
from
Footscray
through
to
Broadmeadows
and
in
the
south
east
areas
aroundDandenongandruralareasinthesouthernpartofCardinia(figure18).
DisadvantageDisadvantageusuallyreferstomultiplefactorswhichtogetherreducetheopportunities,lifechances
orhealthofindividualsorcommunities.Liketheindicatorofincome,itcansuggestgreaterorlesser
choicesoropportunitiesforsomecommunitiesthanothersandthiscanbeimportantwhen
consideringaccess
to
open
space
or
recreational
opportunities.
Given
that
health
status
is
apart
of
themeasureofdisadvantage,thepotentialbenefitsofaccesstopubliclandforrecreational
purposesmaybeimportant.
Thetypesoffactorsrecognisedasbeingimportantindeterminingadvantageordisadvantage
include:
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TheABShasdevelopedSocio
economicIndexesforAreas(SEIFA)
whichcombine
these
and
other
factors.TheSEIFAIndexesare
widelyusedasameasureof
advantageanddisadvantage.
AnIndexofDisadvantageof1000
representstheAustralianaverage.
Scoreslowerthanthisrepresent
areasof
greater
disadvantage.
WithintheInvestigationArea,areas
ofgreatestdisadvantagearefound
tothewestinHobsonsBay,
BrimbankandMaribyrnong,tothe
northaroundBroadmeadowsand
tothesoutheastinDandenong
(figure19).
ThosenotinthelabourforceWhileunemployedpersonsare
definedas
those
seeking
employment,thecategoryofnot
inthelabourforce(NILF)includes
peopleofworkingage(15to65
years)whoarenotactivelyseeking
work.Thismayincludestayat
homeparentsorcarersorpeople
withouttheeconomicneedto
work.These
people
may
have
specificneedsintermsoftheiruse
ofpublicopenspace(forexample
childrensplaygrounds).
In the Investigation Area a ring of
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JourneytoWork
TheABS
Census
collects
information
on
how
peopletravelledtoworkonthedayofthecensus.
Forthosewhotravelledtowork,thetypeof
transportusedisrecorded.Overall,the
InvestigationAreashowsthatcartravelisbyfar
themostcommonformoftransportused(81.5%),
followedbypublictransport(11%)(figure21).
Residentsinmiddleandcentralsuburbsof
Melbournehaveagreaterdiversityoftransport
modesavailable,andproximitytomajor
employmentcentres(suchasthecentralbusiness
district)alsoallowwalkingorcyclingtobeaviable
traveloptionformanycommuters(figure22).
Numbersofpeopleusingpublictransport,walking
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Diurnalpopulations
Becauseof
the
daily
mobility
of
people,
the
population
of
Melbourne
municipalities
will
vary
during
thecourseofaday.Thishasparticularimplicationsforpubliclandbecausethelocationofpeopleat
differentpointsduringadaywillcreateparticularrecreationalorotherdemandsonpublicland
resources.
ThemostextremecaseisinthecentralcityofMelbournewhereweekdaypopulationscanbeashigh
as300,000duringdaytimeworkinghourswhereastheresidentpopulationislessthan50,000(figure
23).Becauseofthis,thepubliclandresourceslocatedinthecentralcityarelikelytoserviceamuch
higherpopulation
than
local
resident
numbers
would
suggest.
Residentialsuburbsoutsidethecentralcityoftendisplaytheoppositepattern,withpopulation
numbersdroppingduringtheday.Thiswouldtendtooccurduringtheworkingweekascommuters
travelledoutofthesuburb.Populationsarelikelytobemorestableinthesesuburbsonweekends.
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