VANYA NAYDENOVA

The study is implemented within the framework of scientific-research contract NZ – No.1507/05 concluded between Space Research Institute-Bulgarian Academy of Sciences and Scientific Research Fund at the Ministry of Education and Science

ASSESSMENT OF ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACT IN THE DRAINAGE BASIN OF KUTINSKA RIVER USING REMOTE SENSING AND GROUND-BASED DATA

Enhancing the Qualification and Retaining a Young Scholars' Team in the Field of Aerosapace Technologies as a Prerequisite for Monitoring and Preservation of the

Environment and Prevention of Damages Caused by Natural Disasters. Contract between the SRI-BAS and the Ministry of Education No. ВG051РО001/07/3.3-02/63/170608under the Human Resource Development Operative Programme, 2008–2010

WORKING STAGES

ІІ. CHOICE OF CLASSIFICATION INDICATORS. CHOICE OF CLASSIFICATION INDICATORS

II. COLLECTING AND II. COLLECTING AND CREATION OF INFORMATIONCREATION OF INFORMATION DATABASEDATABASE

ІІІІII. ANALYSIS OF SOURCE INFORMATION & SELECTION OF DATA PROCESSING METHODS. ANALYSIS OF SOURCE INFORMATION & SELECTION OF DATA PROCESSING METHODS

ІІVV. TRANSFORMATION OF THE SOURCE INFORMATION INTO UNIFIED GEODATA BASE. TRANSFORMATION OF THE SOURCE INFORMATION INTO UNIFIED GEODATA BASE

V. FORMATION OF VECTOR DATA BASEV. FORMATION OF VECTOR DATA BASE

VVII. GEOREFERENCE AND DECYPHERING OF SATELLITE IMAGES. GEOREFERENCE AND DECYPHERING OF SATELLITE IMAGES

VVІІII. GENERATION OF NEW SPATIAL MODELS USING THE NEW DATA BASE. GENERATION OF NEW SPATIAL MODELS USING THE NEW DATA BASE

VІІVІІII. PERFORMING OF SPATIAL AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS. PERFORMING OF SPATIAL AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

ІІXX. ELABORATION OF CARTOGRAPHIC MODELS OF LAND USE CHANGE IMPACT. ELABORATION OF CARTOGRAPHIC MODELS OF LAND USE CHANGE IMPACT

CLASSIFICATION INDICATORS CHARACTERISTIC

Activity typeindustry, transport, extraction of mineral resources, tourism, other human activities etc.

Land use categories as affected objectsforest land, vegetated land, agricultural land, water areas, built-up land, and barren land

Arising of the impact the initial date of source working

Manifestation of the impact illegally cut down forests, fire, pollution etc.

Duration of the impact long time period, short time period

Development stages of the impact initial, active, attenuating

Development trends of the impact ascending, descending

Degree of the activity’s impact low, middle, forced

Border character distinctive, indeterminate

Shape of the outlining contours areal, linear

Impact groups result from legal and illegal activity

CLASSIFICATION INDICATORS CLASSIFICATION INDICATORS AND THEIR CHARACTERISTICSAND THEIR CHARACTERISTICS

LAND COVER / LAND USE CLASSIFICATIONLAND COVER / LAND USE CLASSIFICATION

BARE SOILBARREN LAND6

OTHER AGRICULTURAL LAND

MEADOW

VEGETATED LAND3 SHRUB

MIXED VEGETATED LAND

PERMANENT PLANTS (ORCHARD, VINEYARDS)

DECIDUOUS FOREST

FOREST LAND4 CONIFEROUS FOREST

MIXED FOREST

5

2

1

No

BARE EXPOSED ROCKS

RESERVOIRS

LAKES

CANALS

STREAMS / RIVERS

WATER AREAS

PASTURES

CROPLAND

AGRICULTURAL LAND

AGRICULTURAL BUILD-UP LAND

TRANSPORTATION, INFRASTRUCTURE AND UTILITIES

INDUSTRIAL

SUMMER-HOUSES’ AREAS

RESIDENTIAL

BUILD-UP LAND

LEVEL IILEVEL I

BARE SOILBARREN LAND6

OTHER AGRICULTURAL LAND

MEADOW

VEGETATED LAND3 SHRUB

MIXED VEGETATED LAND

PERMANENT PLANTS (ORCHARD, VINEYARDS)

DECIDUOUS FOREST

FOREST LAND4 CONIFEROUS FOREST

MIXED FOREST

5

2

1

No

BARE EXPOSED ROCKS

RESERVOIRS

LAKES

CANALS

STREAMS / RIVERS

WATER AREAS

PASTURES

CROPLAND

AGRICULTURAL LAND

AGRICULTURAL BUILD-UP LAND

TRANSPORTATION, INFRASTRUCTURE AND UTILITIES

INDUSTRIAL

SUMMER-HOUSES’ AREAS

RESIDENTIAL

BUILD-UP LAND

LEVEL IILEVEL I

INFORMATIONAL MODULE

Raster data Vector data

ANALYTICAL MODULE

DATABASE ORGANIZATION

NAME OF LAYER TYPE OF LAYER

SATELLITE IMAGES WITH HIGH SPATIAL RESOLUTION RASTER

PANCHROMATIC AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS RASTER

LARGE-SCALE TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS RASTER

GROUND CONTROL POINTS MEASURED BY GPS VECTOR-POINTS

RELIEF CONTOURS VECTOR-LINE

FOOTHOLDS VECTOR-POINTS

BOUNDARY OF PROTECTED AREAS VECTOR-POLYGON

OWNERSHIP OF THE LAND VECTOR-POLYGON

LAND USE VECTOR-POLYGON

SOILS VECTOR-POLYGON

MONITORING STATIONS OF THE MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND WATER OF BULGARIA NETWORK

VECTOR-POINTS

MONITORING STATIONS OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR METEOROLOGY AND HYDROLOGY NETWORK

VECTOR-POINTS

DIGITAL TERRAIN MODEL RASTER

CONFLICT SOURCES VECTOR-POINTS

AFFECTED OBJECT VECTOR-POLYGON

INFORMATIONAL MODULE - DATA DISTRIBUTION

Novi Iskur District

KUTINSKA RIVER CATCHMENT AREA

Study area

DIGITAL TERRAIN MODEL & STREAM NETWORK

GOLEIYA DOL CATCHMENT AREA

19401940 200620061942

Kutina PyramidsKutina Pyramids natural landmark natural landmark

1987

1998

2006

2004

1976

LAND USE CHANGES

ASSESSMENT MAPS

INVENTORY ASSESSMENT MAPINVENTORY ASSESSMENT MAP

ASSESSMENT MAPS

ANALYTICAL ASSESSMENT MAPANALYTICAL ASSESSMENT MAP

COAL MINING – AFFECTED AREA

TECHNOGENIC RELIEFTECHNOGENIC RELIEF

COAL MINING – AFFECTED AREA

2004

2007

3D Digital elevation model of technogenic accumulative embankment in a coal

mining, generated by GPS field measurements

Technogenic accumulative embankment

COAL MINING – AFFECTED AREA

SELF-BURNING COALSSELF-BURNING COALS TECHNOGENIC RELIEFTECHNOGENIC RELIEF

DUMPSITES – AFFECTED AREA

Illegal dumpsite

•Industrial wasteIndustrial waste

•Construction wasteConstruction waste

•Domestic wasteDomestic waste

DISTRIBUTION OF THE USED DATASET BY LAYERS IN THE THEMATIC DATABASEDISTRIBUTION OF THE USED DATASET BY LAYERS IN THE THEMATIC DATABASE

NAME OF LAYER Type of layer

SATELLITE IMAGES WITH HIGH SPATIAL RESOLUTION - 2005 RASTER

ARCHIVE AND MODERN PANCHROMATIC AND COLOUR AERIAL PHOTOS – 1940, 1966, 2006

RASTER

TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS IN SCALE1,5000 –1989 RASTER

GEOLOGY – 1-25,000 RASTER

GROUND CONTROL POINTS MEASURED BY GPS VECTOR-POINTS

RELIEF CONTOURS VECTOR-LINE

FOOTHOLDS VECTOR-POINTS

BOUNDARY OF PROTECTED AREAS VECTOR-POLYGON

SOILS VECTOR-POLYGON

DIGITAL TERRAIN MODEL RASTER

SLOPE RASTER

ASPECT RASTER

STREAM NETWORK – 1940, 1966, 1989, 2005, 2006 VECTOR-LINE

WATER AREAS – 1940, 1966, 1989, 2005, 2006 VECTOR-POLYGON

LANDSLIDES SCARPS VECTOR-LINE

LANDSLIDES AREAS VECTOR-POLYGON

THE STREAM NETWORK IN THE AREA IS CONSIDERABLY TRANSFORMED AS A RESULT OF THE EXPLOITATION ACTIVITY.

A CHANGE OF THE STREAM CONFIGURATION OF THE GOLEMIYA DOL AND KUTINSKA RIVER IS OBSERVED.

THE GRATEST TRANSFORMATIONS ARE ALONG THE KUTINSKA RIVER VALLEY HAS SHIFTED TO SOUTHWEST.

FOLLOWING FIGURES, REPRESENTS THE STREAM NETWORK CHANGES OVER THE YEARS. THE CORRECTION OCCURRED FAST WITHIN

THE FRAMEWORK OF SEVERAL YEARS (AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 50-IES OF THE XX CENTURY) BECAUSE OF THE REINFORCED EXPLOITATION OF COALS.

ANALYIS AND RESULTS

THREE TEMPORAL STAGES CAN BE DEFINED IN STUDYING MINING AREAS

prior to the mining period;prior to the mining period; during the mining period; during the mining period; after the mining period.after the mining period.

AS A RESULT OF THE AREA’S INVESTIGATION, THREE STAGES MAY BE IDENTIFIED. THE FIRST STAGE (TILL 1945) IS RELATED WITH THE TERRITORY’S NATURAL DEVELOPMENT DURING WHICH THE STREAM NETWORK WAS FORMED IN A NATURAL WAY AND NO LANDSLIDE PROCESSES AND NATURAL OR ARTIFICIAL LAKES WERE OBSERVED.

THE SECOND STAGE (1945 -1973) IS THE STAGE OF ACTIVE COAL MINING DURING WHICH THE ANTHROPOGENIC FACTOR PLAYED A LEADING ROLE IN THE AREA’S DEVELOPMENT. DYNAMIC CHANGES IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE STREAM NETWORK WERE IDENTIFIED (DIGGING OF CANALS, CORRECTIONS OF THE RIVERBED OF THE KUTINSKA RIVER), AND STEEP UNSTABLE TECHNOGENIC SLOPES WERE FORMED. A LARGE NUMBER OF TECHNOLOGICAL LAKES ARE TIPYCAL FOR THIS PERIOD.

THE THIRD STAGE BEGINS AFTER COAL MINING’S TERMINATION (1973 – UNTIL NOW). DURING THIS STAGE, RECULTIVATION OF THE INVESTIGATED TERRITORY IS PERFORMED WHICH IS STILL INCOMPLETE. IT IS CHARACTERIZED BY PERIODIC MANIFESTATION OF LANDSLIDE PROCESSES GENERATING NUMEROUS ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS. THE STREAM NETWORK IS COMPLETELY TRANSFORMED, TWO TECHNOGENIC LAKES ARE FORMED AND A LARGE NUMBER OF LANDSLIDE LAKES APPEAR.

DIGITAL TERRAIN MODEL OF THE STUDY REGION

ANALYSIS OF MAP OF THE SLOPES OF THE STUDY AREA SHOWS MAJOR LANDSLIDE SCARPS TECHNOGENIC EMBANKMENTS AND RIVER BANKS

THE INVENTORY MAP OF THE LANDSLIDES AND THE DYNAMICS

OF THE WATER BODIES

THE INVENTORY MAP OF THE LANDSLIDES AND THE DYNAMICS

OF THE WATER BODIES

THE LANDSLIDE PROCESSES ARE TYPICAL PHENOMENON FOR THE COAL MINING AREAS IN THE LAST STAGE. MOST OF THE LANDSLIDES ARE HOLLOW, WHICH IS RELATED WITH THE LITHOLOGICAL AND HYDROGEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF THE REGION, PRECIPITATION REGIME

THE LANDSLIDE PROCESSES ARE TYPICAL PHENOMENON FOR THE COAL MINING AREAS IN THE LAST STAGE. MOST OF THE LANDSLIDES ARE HOLLOW, WHICH IS RELATED WITH THE LITHOLOGICAL AND HYDROGEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF THE REGION, PRECIPITATION REGIME

NAME 1966 2005 2006

TECHNOGENIC LAKES 6868.01 146793.22 158362.86

MICRODAMS 968.81 2252.49 1666.51

LANDSLIDE LAKES - 666.65 196.73

CHANGES OF THE AREAS OF THE WATER BODIES IN SQUARE METERS

Within the framework of the this short-lasting 65-year period the stream network is changed considerably and the landslide processes have developed fast for the last years. The occurred changes are irreversible and they are mostly the result of human activity.

Within the framework of the this short-lasting 65-year period the stream network is changed considerably and the landslide processes have developed fast for the last years. The occurred changes are irreversible and they are mostly the result of human activity.

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

As a result of the coal exploitation, Kutina Pyramids natural landmark have been seriously affected, and after the correction of the stream network and the change of the erosion base the earth pillars have become liable to accelerated destruction.

As a result of the coal exploitation, Kutina Pyramids natural landmark have been seriously affected, and after the correction of the stream network and the change of the erosion base the earth pillars have become liable to accelerated destruction.

The developed methods provide for quick retrieval of unbiased information on stream network changes and landslide propagation. The created database for the investigated processes may be of use in landscape planning, for the needs of sustainable regional development, or to the local self-governing bodies.

The developed methods provide for quick retrieval of unbiased information on stream network changes and landslide propagation. The created database for the investigated processes may be of use in landscape planning, for the needs of sustainable regional development, or to the local self-governing bodies.

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Department of REMOTE SENSING OF THE EARTHDepartment of REMOTE SENSING OF THE EARTH