vanguardia live expo presentation
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Vanguardia Live Expo PresentationTRANSCRIPT
001/
Acoustic Modeling, Sound Management & Control at Concerts
/ Jim Griffiths
001/
/ overview
002/ Experience
Our consultants have experience of noise control for over 1000 music events since 1985. !! Range of events varying from:-!
• Concerts in stadia, arenas and parks!!• Festivals in green field sites!!• All night party events !!• Prestigious venues such as Kenwood House and Leeds Castle!
• Sporting events – London Olympics, O2 Arena, Donington Park racing track, Bell View Speedway, Wembley Stadium, Amex S t a d i u m , M i l l e n n i u m S t a d i u m , Twickenham, Emirates, Yas Island, etc etc!
/ overview
003/
Introduction
• Legislation re Noise!
• Background to Noise Council Code & Future!
• Noise Management & Control!!• Case Studies of Concert/Sporting events/
Venues!
!
/ overview
004/
Concerts and Noise
/ overview
005/
Legislation – Environmental
• Town & Country Planning Act !
!Loss of amenity!!• Licensing Act 2003!
!Promotion of Prevention of Public !Nuisance!
• Noise Act 1996!!
!Night noise (2008 Licenced)!!• Environmental Protection Act 1990!
!!Statutory Nuisance!
/ overview
006/
Licencing Act 2003
!Promotion of 4 Statutory Objectives ! 1) Prevention of crime and disorder! 2) Public safety! 3) Promotion of prevention of public nuisance!
4) Protection of children from harm!!
Guidance under section 182 of the Act!Licensing authorities should be a aware of the need to avoid unnecessary or disproportionate
measures that could deter events that are valuable to the community, such as live music.!!
Conditions that are imprecise or difficult for a
licence holder to observe should be avoided.!
/ overview
007/
Noise Council Code of Practice 1995 Provides guidance on:-!!1) Concert definitions and terminology!2) Noise guidelines!3) Noise control procedures!4) References!
/ overview
008/
Codes Noise Guidelines
Guideline Noise Limits up to 2300 hours!
Concert days per calendar year, per venue!
Venue Category! Guidelines!
1 to 3! Urban Stadia and Arenas!
The MNL* should not exceed 75dB(A) over a 15 minute period!
1 to 3! Other Urban and Rural Venues!
The MNL should not exceed 65dB(A) over a 15 minute period!
4 to 12! All Venues! The MNL should not exceed the background noise level by more than 15dB(A) over a 15 minute period!
*The Music Noise Level (MNL) value is the LAeq due to music measured at a distance !of 1 metre from the facade of any noise sensitive premises.!
/ overview
009/
1 – 3 Concerts – Urban Stadia & Arenas – MNL 75dB(A)
Based on Stadia such as:- Villa Park, Portman Road, Selhurst Park, Old Trafford!!Now Many others:- St Mary’s, Molineux, Reebok Stadium, Madjeski Stadium, Ricoh Stadium, Don Valley, Pride Park, KC Stadium, The Valley, Aston Gate Stadium, City of Manchester Stadium!
/ overview
0010/
1 – 3 Concerts – Other Urban Rural – MNL 65dB(A)
Based on parks and rural venues such:- Knebworth!
/ overview
0011/
4 – 12 Concerts – All Venues – MNL +15dB(A) over LA90
Wembley Stadium!
/ overview
0012/
More Regular Events – MNL +5dB(A) over LA90
Wembley Arena!Earls Court!!
/ overview
0013/
Low Frequency Noise
• May underestimate the intrusiveness of low frequency noise!!• May be necessary to set low frequency limit!
Two Notes:-!!1. 70dB in either 63Hz or 125Hz octave bands – satisfactory!
2. 80dB in either 63Hz or 125Hz octave bands – causes disturbance (N.B 2km and beyond)!
!
/ overview
0014/
Noise After 23:00 Hours
Inaudible within noise sensitive premises with windows open in a typical manner for ventilation.!!Note:- Not Universally Accepted!
/ overview
0015/
Refreshing The Code – History of Events
June 2007 – Letter to stakeholders regarding refreshing the Code - CIEH!!October 2008 – responses returned!!September 2008 – first meeting of Working Group!!March 2009 – agreement on need for further research!!Early 2010 – Research awarded to:-!!
!Ipsos Mori & Napier University (NANR 292)!!!!Vanguardia & RPS (NANR 297)!
!October 2010 – Noise Monitoring/historical data Published!!September 2011 - Attitudes towards noise from concerts!!May 2012 – Draft prepared & currently under review by Defra!!!!!
/ overview
0016/
Responses from Stakeholders
!!!!
Number'of'responses'
Individual'Local'Authori8es'' 7!
Acous8c'Consultants' 5!
Members'of'the'public' 3!
Pollu8on'study'groups' 4!
Others' 2!
/ overview
0017/
Main Comments on The Code
Code – effective tool & adopted extensively throughout UK!!!1. Noise level with concert numbers and Category – Table 1!
2. Use of Low frequency limits (frequency or “C” weighting)!
3. Night time noise criteria!
4. Change in legislation!
/ overview
0018/ 1) Level with Numbers and Category – 1 to 3 Concerts Urban & Other Rural
75LAeq rather than 65LAeq - Parks!
Concert! Location! Number of Complaints of Music Noise!
Radiohead (1)! Oxford Central Park! 1!Robbie Williams (2)! Roundhay Park, Leeds! 0 (some to council)!Lovebox (2 – 3)! Victoria Park, London! 2 to 6!Hyde Park shows (7 – 9)! Hyde park, London! ~ 50 per annum!Oasis (3)! Heaton Park, Manchester! 9!
/ overview
0019/ 1) Level with Numbers & Category – 1 to 3 Concerts – Urban Stadia & Arena
Majority of UK concerts adopted the 75LAeq guideline!!Few notable exceptions!!• Lancashire County Cricket Ground = 80LAeq 15min!• Heaton Park = 75 to 80LAeq 15 min!• Glastonbury Festival = 60 LAeq 15min!
‘Where arrangements are satisfactory with either higher or lower levels than those contained in the guidelines, then these should continue’
/ overview
0020/
1) Levels With Number & Category – 4 to 12 Concerts
Current = MNL 15dB above LA90!!Issues:-!!1. Difference between 1 to 3 and 4 to 12 categories is typically 10dB!
!- very difficult for stadia to meet this reduction in practice!!2. Does an increase on 1 concert warrant a 10dB reduction?!
3. Is the community response the same for 4 concerts as compared to 12?!!4. Consider sub-division of 4 to 12 concerts!
/ overview
0021/
1) Level with Numbers & Category – 4 to 12 Concerts Case study – City of Manchester Stadium 4 concerts - Oasis (3) & U2!
! - City of Manchester Stadium 8 concerts – Take That!
Case study – Lancashire County Cricket Ground 6 concerts – Take That & Coldplay!
75dB(A)!
/ overview
0022/
2) Low Frequency Limits
Two Notes in Code!70dB in either 63Hz or 125Hz octave bands – satisfactory!80dB in either 63Hz or 125Hz octave bands – causes disturbance!!Issues!!1. Research behind noise limits are a 2km and beyond!2. Limit of 70dB in 63 Hz and 125Hz would mean LAeq levels would have to be 5
to 15dB lower outside (depending on frequency spectrum)!3. Hence effect of imposing 70dB limit nearby venue would prevent concerts
taking place that have operated satisfactorily in the past!4. Defra Pubs and Clubs research – concluded:!!“Noise metric that provided the best overall prediction of subjective ratings of all entertainment noise types (“Rock”, Modern dance music, karaoke etc.) was the Absolute LAeq”!http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/noise/research/pubs-clubs-phase2!!Guidance on ‘C’ – ‘A’ weighting being considered!
/ overview
0023/
3) Night Time Criterion
!Code adopts inaudibility as a ‘safe’ option given lack of research. !Inaudibility has been shown to work well for clubs operating on a regular basis.!!However, all night concert events tend to be infrequent or ‘one-off’ (N)!and it is therefore likely that a less restrictive guideline may represent !a fair balance. !!Recent Research and Case studies!!Defra Pubs and Clubs Research 2006!
One of conclusions:!!‘the majority of members of the public recruited as test subjects reported the !ability to tolerate a modest degree of audible intrusive entertainment on an !infrequent basis’!
/ overview
0024/
3) Night Time Criterion – Defra Research
Clearlyunaccept
able
987Justunaccept
able
Justacceptabl
e
432Clearlyacceptabl
e
Q4: Acceptability of the overall noise level
300
200
100
0
Cou
nt
NoYes
Q2: Were you able tohear any entertainment
noise in the last fewminutes?
Figure showing the frequency of each acceptability rating split by whether the subject reported the noise audible or not!
Inaudibility underestimates the rating of acceptability!!
/ overview
0025/
3) Night Time Criterion – Case Studies
For a number years, at a number of events 45LAeq external has been adopted!!Based originally on 1980 WHO guidance of 35 LAeq + 10dB (partially open window)!!Successfully adopted at:-!!Turweston Airfield!Matterley Bowl, near Winchester!Brayfield near Northampton!Oxford May Ball, Milton Common!Creamfields event at Daresbury!
/ overview
0026/
Practical Control - Noise Management Plans
• Commentary on noise conditions!• Noise predictions!• Mitigation measures!• Noise control procedures!
/ overview
0027/
Noise Control Pre Event
• Noise Predictions!• Experience shows that events where there has been thorough consultation with all
parties, (including at an early stage – the Local Authority) run the most smoothly!• Public Relations – worth 3dBA!• Site layout drawings and sound system details are useful at a site meeting as a
forum for discussion to air any concerns anybody may have!• Sound propagation tests on evening prior to event with Local Authority in
attendance allow some adjustments to be made, although meteorological conditions may change!
/ overview
0028/
Noise Control During the Event
• Noise levels are monitored at the mixer and at the nearest noise sensitive locations during events !
• For multistage events the option for Wireless Sound logging meters is becoming more widely used. The meters are set up at mixer positions and off-site!
!• Important to establish clear line of communication and cooperation with sound engineers
and local authority – dedicated radios best method!
/ overview
0029/
/ overview
0030/
/ overview
0031/
/ overview
0032/
Noise Control During the Event Eminem Mixer Sound Level (LAeq 1 minute)
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
16:0
7
16:2
7
16:4
7
17:0
7
17:2
7
17:4
7
18:0
7
18:2
7
18:4
7
19:0
7
19:2
7
19:4
7
20:0
7
20:2
7
20:4
7
21:0
7
21:2
7
21:4
7
22:0
7
22:2
7
22:4
7
23:0
7
23:2
7
Time (Hrs)
dB(A
) re
2 x
10-5
N/m
2
Mixer Level
License Criteria
External (15min)
• LAeq (1 min) periods at the mixer position provides most effective measure to control levels!
• All sound level measurements taken on and off site should be recorded so that they can be used to assist future licence applications!
/ overview
0033/
Noise Control During the Event
• Frequent off site checks are required – wireless systems!• During event, it often becomes apparent that propagation is of more concern at particular
locations!• Temperature inversions/wind gradients – significant effect on long range propagation!
• Experience has shown that concerts ineffective when audience levels < 95dB(A) (Noise Control Techniques and Guidelines for Open Air Pop Concerts, IOA conference 1985)'
/ overview
0034/
Case Studies – O2 Arena
• Accurate predictions of likely community noise levels critical!
• Incorrect advice serious consequences at later stage!
• Vanguardia developed prediction model based on sound system directivity, source level and frequency response of sound system!
/ overview
0035/
Case Studies – O2 Arena & Wembley Stadium
Other issues for consideration • Natural acoustics of venue • Distance attenuation • Ground effects between venue and
community
/ overview
0036/
Case Studies – Reading Festival Reading Festival Predictions - Stage optimisation - – increased noise limit
/ overview
0037/
Case Studies – System Testing Large Festival Site Predictions and validation
Case Study- London Olympics
! Projects have included:-
! Olympic Stadium
! Olympic Stadium Re-development - legacy
! Handball Arena
! Common Domain PAVA design
! Independent review of PAVA systems in the Olympic Park
! London Live sites
! Noise Management Plans
! Discharge of Planning condition OG4 – noise modelling
! Mittal Orbit Sound Design
0038/
/ NMP
Case Study – Olympics – Scope for Noise Management ! Scope:-
! Development of Noise Management Plans
! Advise on appropriate noise guidance and noise targets
! Liaise with Regulatory Authorities and stakeholders
! Assess and review noise mitigation options
! Highlight any potential activity interference between venues ! Complete performance testing ! Prepare a Park-Wide acoustic model and update
0039/
/ NMP
Case Study - Noise Guidance for the Olympics
0040/
/ NMP
! !The Olympic and Paralympic Games together constitute an event of global significance ! This is a one-off once in a life time extraordinary event ! The Games schedules will require that venue management will be a 24-hour activity ! The noise limits for the Games period itself cannot sensibly be constrained by routine day to day domestic norms ! The routine standards and norms to be re-asserted after the Olympic and Paralympic Games
Case Study - Activities considered for Olympics NMP
! Operation of each venue
! Noise from temporary fit-out activities
! Rig and de-rig noise ! Opening & Closing ceremonies, rehearsals and testing
! ‘Live’ events & ramp-up events
! Temporary and permanent plant
! Vehicle movements ! Crowd noise ! Transformation works
0041/
/ NMP
Case Study - Licensable Areas
0042/
/ NMP
Case Study - Noise Target Levels 0043/
/ NMP
Source' Constraints' Standards' Conclusion'Overlay:'rigging,'reCrigging' None!apply!!
!!!!
None!apply! Out!of!hours:!no!limits!but!for!guidance:!65dB!LAeq,t!(t=evening,!weekend)!55dB!LAeq,t!(t=1hr,!23.00L07.00)!
Permanent'building'services'plant'and'machinery'
OD.4.1!(Energy!Centre)!OD.55!
BS4142! Noise!report!submiQed!by!developer!(presumably!specific!noise!RL!<!BNLL10dB)!BNL!=!48dB!(day)!42dB!(night)!
Temporary'building'services'plant'and'machinery'
OD.55,!!OG.4!
BS4142! RL!<!BNLL5dB!BNL!=!48dB!(day)!42dB!(night)!
OnCSite'Vehicular'Traffic' LogisWcs!OperaWng!Plan;!!VenueLSpecific!Servicing,!Venue!Transport!Plans!
None!apply! As!per!Plans!but!minimise!use!of!perimeter!roads,!adopt!bpm!for!waste!removal!
PA'Sound:'Tes8ng'and'Rehearsal' OG.4! Noise!Council!Code! Minimise!PA!use!23.00L09.00hrs;!LpA!<!55dB!(23.00L09.00hrs)!at!Park!boundary!in!front!of!res.!occupaWon!so!far!as!pracWcable;!Maintain!public!informaWon.!
PA'Sound:'Events'Regulated'Entertainment''
OG.4! Noise!Council!Code!Pyrotechnics!Regs!
Ceremonies:!Guideline!limit!of!<!75dB!LAeq,15min!(09.00L23.00hrs)!at!Park!boundary!in!front!of!res.!occupaWon;!Maintain!public!informaWon!!BPM!to!be!exercised!during!Games!
Human'ac8vity'&'crowd' None!apply! None!apply! No!precedent!and!no!locus!in!law!for!controlling!human!acWvity!or!crowd!noise.!!!
Case Study - Noise Modelling for Olympics
/ OG4 Modelling
0044/
/ overview
0045/
Case Studies
Arena Zagreb Completion: 2009
Grand Hall Olympia
Completion: 2008
Wembley Arena Completion: 2007
O2 Arena Completion: 2007
/ overview
0046/
New Developments – High Density Wi-fi
/ overview
0047/
New Developments - Aermonix
!High!Density!WiLFi!!!Acous8c'Benefits''1) Sound!Quality!!2) Environmental!Impact!!3) Noise!exposure!!
/ overview
0048/
Conclusions
Sound control at concerts works best when all parties involved with !!noise work together:!!
• Promoters!!
• Sound Engineers!!
• Acoustic Consultants!!
• Local Authority!
• And the Artist – PRODIGY!!!!
