vangÉline, a tale of acadie
TRANSCRIPT
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ÉVANGÉLINE, A TALE OF ACADIE…
by Henry Wadsworth
Longfellow
1847
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ACADIAN HISTORY…
• ACADIAN EXPULSION in 1755 not widely known
until Longfellow’s “EVANGELINE” in 1847, 100
years after the expulsion.
• Historical records of EXPULSION locked in Nova
Scotia archives
• Parts of FRANCIS PARKMAN writings on Acadia
were inaccurate in favor of England
• First complete history of Acadia by ÉDOUARD
RICHARD in 1895, a historian, member Canadian
Parliament.
• Best history: Prof JOHN MACK FARAGHER, Yale
University, “A GREAT AND NOBLE SCHEME”,
2005. 562 pages. Available on AMAZON.
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WHERE
WAS
ACADIA?
WHERE
WAS
ACADIA?
ACADIA INCLUDES
PRESENT-DAY
CANADIAN
MARITIMES:
GASPÉ,
NEW BRUNSWICK,
NOVA SCOTIA,
PRINCE EDWARD ISLE,
CAPE BRETON AND
EASTERN THIRD OF
PRESENT-DAY MAINE.
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THURSDAY, JUNE 26, 1604,AS SUN ROSE ON MOUNT CADILLAC…
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PLANNED TO USE ST CROIX ISLAND AS
TEMPORARY BASE.
WINTER DISASTROUS: LOST 35
SETTLERS.
MI’KMAQS, SAVED REMAINING
SETTLERS.
PIERRE DU GUA EXPEDITION
APPROACHED ST CROIX ISLAND …75 miles northeast of Bar Harbor
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There were two
colonies in NEW
FRANCE: Acadia and
Québec.
TYPICALLY,
Acadians were from La
Rochelle and western
France.
Québecois (French
Canadians) were from
Normandy and
northeastern France.
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SAINT CROIX ISLAND(400’wide by 1000’ long)
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• DETAILS OF PORT ROYAL SETTLEMENT, ANNAPOLIS BASIN AND RIVIÉRE AU DAUPHIN
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The Port Royal Acadian habitation built in 1605… 13
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• 1632, CHARLES DE MENOU, LORD d’AULNAYbecomes GOVERNOR OF ACADIA
• d’AULNAY INVITES PEASANTS FROM HIS ESTATE
• SETTLERS OWN PROPERTY. DIKES COLLECTIVELY OWNED
• ACADIANS TRADE WITH MI’KMAQ INDIANS, COLONIES AND ENGLAND
• VILLAGES REPRESENTED BY DELEGATES (DÉLÉGUÉS)
• SETTLERS RE-INVEST PROFITS IN PROPERTIES
• DIFFERENT FROM FEUDAL CULTURE IN QUÉBEC
ACADIAN PROGRESS…
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“The independent, democratic ethic of the Acadians presaged the modern era, which arrived powerfully … later with the American and French revolutions.”
Clive Doucet in “Notes from Exile, On Being Acadian”
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ACADIANS RECLAIMED MARSHES…
BEFORE CLEARING LAND
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ACADIA’S FOUNDING FAMILIESfrom the first census in 1671
RECOGNIZE ANY NAMES?
• Babin
• Bastarache
• Belliveau
• Bergeron
• Bertrand
• Blanchard
• Boudreau
• Bourg
• Bourgeois
• Breau
• Brun
• Comeau
• Cormier
• Daigre
• de Forest
(Forrait, Forêt)
Doucet
Dugas
Dupuis
Gaudet
Gauterot
Girouard
Granger
Hébert
Lanoué
Landry
Leblanc
Léger
Leveron
Martin
Melançon
Michel
Mius
Morin
Pélérin
Poirier
Richard
Robichaud
Roy
Savoie
Sire
Terriau
Thibodeau
Trahan
Vincent
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1755 POPULATION: 15,000
SETTLEMENTS: 1. BEAUBASSIN2. CANSO3. CAP DE SABLE4. CHIPOUDIE5. COBEQUID6. GRAND-PRÉ7. LA HÈVE8. LES MINES9. LOUISBOURG10. PIGIQUID11. POBOMCOUP12. PORT ROYAL
PROPERTY:130,000 CATTLE100,000 ARABLE ACRES100,000 CLEARED ACRES
IN 1713 TREATY OF
UTRECHT, FRANCE
CEDED ACADIAN
PENINSULA TO
ENGLAND
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•NOVA SCOTIA GOV. CHARLES LAWRENCE
•MASS GOV. WILLIAM SHIRLEY
•Militia Commander:
COL. ROBERT MONCKTON,
•Battalion Chiefs:
COL. JOHN WINSLOW
LT COL. GEORGE SCOTT
LEADERSHIP:
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AUGUST 10, 1755…
•CHARLES LAWRENCE, Governor of Nova Scotia directed expulsion of Acadians.
•GOVERNOR SHIRLEY, Colonial Governor of Massachusetts provided SHIPS and MILITIA.
•Colonel JOHN WINSLOW led campaign, with Colonel George Scott.
• In each village, WINSLOW called for a meeting with Acadians… 24
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Acadian males were
locked in churches to await ships.
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FROM NOURSE’S “MILITARY ANNALS OF LANCASTER, MASSACHUSETTS: 1740-1865”. Published 1889
“Lancaster in Acadia and the Acadians in Lancaster”Extracts from Captain Abijah Willard's Orderly Book —Hardships of the Campaign— The French Neutrals in Lancaster.
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“It is one hundred and thirty years
Since the burning of Grand-Pré,
When on the falling tide the freighted vessels departed,
Bearing a nation, with all its household goods, into exile ;
Exile without an end and without an example in history." 26
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FROM NOURSE’S “HISTORY OF HARVARD: 1732-1893”
As captain, Abijah Willard, was the brother of Colonel Samuel Willard, and like him, a native of Still River. A younger brother, Joshua Willard, and Moses Haskell were his lieutenants, and Caleb Willard his ensign.
“ The Harvard men in his command were
eight in number:— Benjamin Atherton, 20, laborer.
Daniel Harper, 21, laborer. Jonathan Creasy, 25.
Elias Haskell,19, cooper. Isaac Day, 24, cooper.
Joseph Metcalf, 21 and John Farnsworth, 30,
laborers. Silas Willard, 19, laborer.”27
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ORDER OF THE DAY FROM
GOVERNOR CHARLES LAWRENCE:
“BURN ALL HOUSES..”
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Acadian
males loaded
on ships,
females on
different
ships, with
destinations
along eastern
seaboard.
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DIVIDE AND DISPERSE…1755-1764
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LINEAGE OF JOSEPH R. THERIAULT LINEAGE OF SCOTT P. ROY
Jehan, 1601, Martaizé, France 1 Jean, 1651, St Malo, Brittany, France
Claude, 1637, Port Royal, Acadia 2 François, 1692, Port Royal, Acadia
Germain, 1662, Port Royal, Acadia 3 BENOIT, 1728, ANNAPOLIS ROYAL, NOVA SCOTIA
Claude, 1687, Grand-Pré, Acadia 4 Firmin, 1761, Bouctouche, New Brunswick
JOSEPH, 1719, GRAND-PRÉ, NOVA SCOTIA 5 Charles, 1790, Arichat, Cape Breton, Nova Scotia
Charles, 1763, Kamouraska, PQ 6 Edward, 1822, Arichat, Cape Breton, Nova Scotia
Charles, 1796, Kamouraska, PQ 7 Charles Hubert, 1854, Arichat, Cape Breton, NS
Dolphis, 1823, St-Basile, NB 8 Abraham, 1892, Arichat, Cape Breton, NS
Joseph, 1858, St-Jacques, NB 9 Albert, 1916, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
ANCESTORS OF JOSEPH R. THERIAULT (12TH GEN)
ANCESTORS OF SCOTT P. ROY (11TH GEN)
Note:GENERATIONS SHOWN IN BOLD RED WERE DIRECTLY IMPACTED BY EXPULSION.
TWO HARVARD ACADIANS
…
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• BENONI MELANSON. Wife, Marie. Children: Marie, Joseph, Simeon, Jean Bezaleel, Carré
• GEOFFREY BENOIT. Wife, Abigail. Children: Jean, Pierre, Joseph, Marie.
• THÉAL FORRET. Wife, Abigail. Children: Marie, Abigail, Marguerite. REASSIGNED TO HARVARD
ACADIANS ASSIGNED TO LANCASTER and HARVARD:
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HOPING TO FIND THEIR WAY BACK HOME…
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ACADIANS TODAY…MADAWASKA TERRITORY
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ACADIANS TODAY…
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Babin
BASTARACHEBelliveau
BENOITBergeronBertrand
BLANCHARDBILODEAU**BOUDREAUBourgBourgeoisBreauBrunComeau
CORMIER
Daigre
DE FOREST, FORRESTDOUCET, DOUCETTEDugasDupuisGaudet
GAUTEROT, GOTROGirouardGrangerHébertLanoué
LANDRYLEBLANCLégerLeveron
MARTINMelançon, MelansonMichelMius
MORINPélérinPoirier
RICHARDRobichaud
ROY (dit LA LIBERTÉ)SavoieSire, Cyr
TERRIAU, THERIOT, THERIAULTThibodeauTrahanVincent
ACADIA’S FAMILIES IN HARVARD TODAY(IN BOLD RED)
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