VANCOUVER POLICE DEPARTMENT

REPORT TO THE VANCOUVER POLICE BOARD

REPORT DATE: January 23, 2020 BOARD MEETING DATE: February 20, 2020

BOARD REPORT # 2002P01 Regular

TO: Vancouver Police Board

FROM: Drazen Manojlovic, Director, Planning, Research & Audit Section

SUBJECT: Year-End 2019 Key Performance Indicators Report

RECOMMENDATION:

That the Vancouver Police Board receive this report for information.

BACKGROUND:

The quarterly Key Performance Indicators (KPI) reports review: violent crime; property crime; apprehensions under section 28 of the Mental Health Act (MHA); calls for service; average priority 1 response time; the Insurance Corporation of British Columbia’s (ICBC) reported traffic injuries; traffic fatalities; and VPD attended motor vehicle collisions with injuries. This report provides a macro-level perspective of organizational performance and overall public safety.

Beginning in 2018, Statistics Canada has changed crime counting standards to include ‘unfounded’ incidents. KPI reports throughout 2019 reflected this change and previous years’ results were retroactively calculated to include unfounded incidents. Also, crime statistics record the date the incident was reported to the police (‘reported date’) and the date the incident occurred (‘occurred date’). Previous KPI reports used the occurred date as this date was more reflective of active crime trends emerging in Vancouver. Statistics Canada uses the reported date to report crime statistics and KPI Reports use that standard to maintain consistency. Previous years’ results have been retroactively calculated to reflect the reported date.

DISCUSSION:

The following is a summary of the year-end 2019 KPI Report (note – all results compare 2019 to 2018 based on a full year):

REGULAR AGENDA ITEM #7.1

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Violent Crime • The 2019 violent crime rate increased 7.2%; however, the rate is 13.9% lower than the rate

in 2010. o There were 10 incidents of culpable homicide in 2019 and 15 in 2018 o Sexual offences reported in 2019 decreased 3.9% from those reported in 2018 (for

offences that occurred in 2019, and compared to those that occurred in 2018, sexual offences decreased by 14.2% - please see page 4)

o There were 23 bank robbery incidents in 2019 compared to 39 in 2018. The year 2019 marked the lowest reported number of bank robbery incidents in the past 10 years.

o There were 29 shots fired incidents in 2019 compared to 19 in 2018 o The reason for the increase in violent crime is as a result of an 11.2% increase in assaults o There was a 39.5% increase in assaults against peace officers

Property Crime • The property crime rate (per 1,000 population) increased 5.2%.

o B&E - Business incidents increased by 21.0% o B&E - Residential incidents decreased by 10.5% o Theft from Auto <>$5K incidents increased by 12.9%

Section 28 MHA Apprehensions The annual average number of section 28 MHA apprehensions increased by 0.2%, from 2,899 incidents in 2018 to 2,906 incidents in 2019. Calls for Service From 2018 to 2019, calls for service have decreased by 0.2% (from 265,653 to 265,232). Priority 1 Response Time Vancouver’s 2019 priority 1 response time (10:34) was 4.3%, or 27 seconds, slower when compared to 2018 (10:07). Also, there was a 2.8% increase in the number of priority one calls received. Traffic Injuries & Deaths ICBC data shows Vancouver experienced 8.5% fewer ICBC reported motor vehicle collisions with injuries in 2019 (10,017) compared to the same period in 2018 (10,943). VPD attended motor vehicle collisions with injuries (MVI) declined from 2018 (1,147) to 2019 (778). This represents a decrease of 32.2%. There were 14 fatal motor vehicle collisions in 2019 and 13 fatalities in 2018. REPORT SCHEDULE: The VPD will provide the Vancouver Police Board four quarterly KPI reports scheduled for meetings in April (Q1), July (Q2 YTD), October (Q3 YTD), and February 2021 (year-end 2020). Author: Correen Smitas Telephone: 604-717-2689 Date: January 23, 2020 Submitting Executive Member (signature): DCC Steve Rai Date: February 4, 2020

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VIOLENT CRIME A summary of violent crime incidents reported city-wide shows, in 2019, there were 5,799 incidents. The number of violent crime incidents increased when compared with reported incidents in 2018 (5,338). The below table shows that District 1 incidents rose by 15.7%, District 2 incidents increased by 7.0%, and District 4 incidents increased by 8.5%. District 3 was the only District that experienced a decrease (2.0%). Violent Crime Incidents: 2018 Compared to 2019

2018 2019 % Change Incidents 5,338 5,799 8.6%

District 1 1,565 1,811 15.7%

District 2 2,127 2,276 7.0%

District 3 864 847 -2.0%

District 4 698 757 8.5%

Assaults are the most prevalent form of violent crime, accounting for 76.3% of all violent crimes in 2018 and 78.1% in 2019. Comparing 2018 (4,064) to 2019 (4,521), there were 457 more assaults, for an increase of 11.2%. Assaults were up in every District and, notably, assaults against peace officers increased by 39.5%, where there were 114 incidents in 2018 and 159 in 2019. The following graphs depict the 10-year trend for culpable homicide, bank robberies, shots fired calls for service, and sexual offences. It is important to note that the number of sexual offences that have occurred in 2019 mark the second lowest number of incidents since 2010. 10-Year Trend for Selected Violent Crime Incidents

10

15

8 6

9

16 12

19 15

10

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Num

ber o

f Inc

iden

ts

Culpable Homicides

4

As previously mentioned, 2019 KPI reports count unfounded and founded incidents, and use the reported date of the offence (as opposed to the occurred date). These changes were made to ensure consistency with Statistics Canada crime reporting standards. From a statistical perspective, the largest impact resulting from these changes is seen in the reporting of sexual offences. Specifically, it is the change from occurred date to reported date that has the greatest impact, where 22.6% of the sexual offences reported to the VPD in 2019 occurred in previous years. This is compared to 98.7% of all property crimes reported in 2019 also occurred in 2019, or compared to robbery, this percentage is at 100%, and for assaults the percentage is at 99.3%. Sexual offences are often reported historically which is reflected in the difference between the reported date and the occurred date. In order to provide a clearer indication of non-historical sexual offense reporting results, sexual offences have actually decreased by 14.2% (comparing 2019 to 2018 – see red bars in the chart on the top of the following page) under the previous method of using the occurred date to count sexual offences.

96 83 81

47 27 35

68 52

39 23

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Num

ber o

f Inc

iden

tsBank Robberies

16 13 19

13 18

11

26 31

19

29

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Num

ber o

f Inc

iden

ts

Shots Fired

5

City-wide, the rate of violent crime violations increased from 7.89 to 8.45 victims per 1,000 population. This is an increase of 7.2% when compared with the 2018 violent crime rate yet a 24.2% decline from the 2010 rate (or 11.16 violent crimes per 1,000 population). 10-Year Trend for Violent Crime Rate

552 525 512 580 555

520 548 588

646 621

512 527 478 578

504 487 541 537 563 483

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Num

ber o

f Inc

iden

tsSexual Offences

Rep Date Occ Date Linear (Rep Date) Linear (Occ Date)

11.16 10.9910.21

9.588.63 8.21 7.81 7.88 7.89

8.45

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Viol

ent C

rime

Rate

per

1,0

00

Popu

latio

n

6

PROPERTY CRIME City-wide, there were 44,538 property crime incidents reported in 2019. This is 6.6% higher when compared with the previous year’s statistics (41,773). All Districts experienced an increase in property crime when compared to the same time last year. Property Crime Incidents: 2018 Compared to 2019

2018 2019 % Change Incidents 41,773 44,538 6.6%

District 1 13,482 14,100 4.6%

District 2 9,722 10,923 12.4%

District 3 7,722 8,158 5.6%

District 4 10,468 11,006 5.1%

The following figures reflect year-end data for break & enters (B&E) into businesses and residences, and thefts from automobiles (over and under $5,000) over the past 10 years. The ten-year trend for business B&Es shows to be increasing whereas the trend line shows residential B&Es are decreasing. 10-Year Trend for Selected Property Crime Incidents

1,669 1,735 1,803 1,845 2,269 2,481 2,689

2,209 2,019 2,443

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Num

ber o

f Inc

iden

ts

Break & Enter - Business

7

Theft from automobiles (TFA) is the offence that is most often reported to the VPD. Its latest result marks the ninth consecutive year these incidents have worsened and TFAs make up 37% of all 2019 property crime incidents, making this crime type the largest driver of property crime. In fact, 68% of the increase to property crime in 2019 is as a result of the increase to TFAs.

Overall, the property crime rate was up 5.2%, from 61.73 offences per 1,000 population in 2018 to 64.94 in 2019. The 2019 property crime rate is 22.3% higher than the 2010 property crime rate. 10-Year Trend for Property Crime Rate

2,589 2,589 2,612 2,319 2,252 2,275 2,140 1,758 1,560 1,396

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Num

ber o

f Inc

iden

tsBreak & Enter - Residence

8,385 7,266 7,798 8,051 9,709 10,259 12,372 12,560 14,606 16,483

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Num

ber o

f Inc

iden

ts

Theft from Auto (<>$5K)

53.10 50.07 51.09 51.13 55.57 56.91 61.99 60.88 61.73 64.94

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Prop

erty

Crim

e Ra

te p

er 1

,000

Po

pula

tion

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S. 28 MENTAL HEALTH ACT (MHA) APPREHENSIONS Under section 28 of the MHA, a police officer may apprehend and immediately take a person to a physician for examination if satisfied that the person is acting in a manner likely to endanger themselves or others, and is apparently living with a mental illness. From 2010 to 2015, VPD apprehensions under section 28 of the MHA increased each year (from 2,278 to 3,050). However, although these apprehensions decreased in 2016 (2,832) they have since increased three consecutive years. Comparing 2019 to 2010, apprehensions are up 27.6%. Over the past year, apprehensions are up 0.2%. More specifically, this marginal increase represents an increase of seven apprehensions. Overall, the total number of section 28 MHA apprehensions calls have remained relatively stable over the past four years. 10-Year Trend for Section 28 MHA Apprehensions

2,278 2,489 2,636 2,873 3,022 3,050 2,832 2,851 2,899 2,906

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Num

ber o

f Inc

iden

ts

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CALLS FOR SERVICE Calls for service (CFS) are an important strategic metric as they are a more accurate reflection of the total workload of members as opposed to crime alone. Comparing 2018 (265,653) to 2019 (265,232), the below figure shows there was a marginal decrease of 0.2% (or 421 fewer CFS) in the total number of CFS. Over the past decade, CFS have increased 19.8% since 2010 (221,385). Overall, changes to the amount of CFS have remained relatively stable in the pas decade, increasing an average of1.5% each year. 10-Year Trend for Calls for Service

PRIORITY 1 RESPONSE TIMES The following figure compares priority 1 (P1) response times from 2010 to 2019. Vancouver’s 2019 priority 1 response time (10:34) was 4.3%, or 27 seconds, slower when compared to 2018 (10:07). In fact, P1 response time increased in all Patrol Districts. It should be noted that the number of P1 CFS have increased by 2.8% in 2019 compared to 2018. Since 2011, there have been consistent annual increases, with 2019 having the highest response time (10:34) recorded in the past 10 years. 10-Year Trend for P1 Response Times

221,385 211,339 208,331 215,663 235,959 244,869 257,622 267,937 265,653 265,232

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Tota

l Cal

ls fo

r Ser

vice

08:44 08:17 08:38 08:59 09:10 09:29 09:45 09:46 10:07 10:34

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Resp

onse

Tim

es (m

m:s

s)

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TRAFFIC RELATED INJURIES & DEATHS ICBC updated their claims database and it is recommended that 2017 be a base year to compare motor vehicle collisions that resulted in an injury and reported to ICBC. ICBC data shows Vancouver experienced 8.5% fewer ICBC reported motor vehicle collisions with injuries in 2019 (10,017) compared to the same period in 2018 (10,943). Whereas VPD attended motor vehicle collisions with injuries (MVI) have mostly declined from 2016 (1,400) to 2019 (778) or a 44.4% decrease. This figure also shows a decrease of 32.2% when compared to the 2018 figure (1,147) and a decrease of 14.4% when compared to 2010 (909). Year-end ICBC Reported and VPD Attended MVIs

In 2019, there were a total of 14 fatal victims of motor vehicle related crashes in the city of Vancouver and 13 in 2018. 10-Year Trend for Traffic Fatalities

909 885 1,129 1,160 1,099 1,046

1,400 1,200 1,147

778

11,101 10,943 10,017

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 -

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

VPD Attended MVIs ICBC Reported Linear (VPD Attended MVIs)

1013

1916 15 14 15 14 13 14

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Num

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f Inc

iden

ts

REGULAR AGEN

DA ITEM #7.1

APPENDIX