valuing nature’s benefits for humans · 11. here are some phrases people might use to describe...
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Valuing nature’s benefits for humans
Vision…
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61%
45%
44%
(Ranked by 7 – “very appealing;” On a scale from 1-7 where 1 is “not at all appealing” and 7 is “very appealing”)
53%
“Nature’s Value” and “Nature’s Benefits” receive the highest average scores.
11. Here are some phrases people might use to describe the idea of calculating the dollar value of the benefits provided by conserving natural resources, including land and water, in their natural state. After you hear each phrase, please rate how appealing it sounds to you on a scale of one to seven, where one means NOT AT ALL APPEALING and seven means VERY APPEALING. A rating of 4 is NEUTRAL. Split Sample
55%
49%
46%
45%
Average Score5.5
5.2
5.3
5.2
4.9
4.9
4.9
5.0
Nature’s Value
Earth’s Benefits
Nature’s Benefits
Environmental Value
Environmental Wealth
Natural Life-Support
Nature’s Health and Safety Systems
The Planet’s Assets
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44%
34%
31%
34%
Continued……
11. Here are some phrases people might use to describe the idea of calculating the dollar value of the benefits provided by conserving natural resources, including land and water, in their natural state. After you hear each phrase, please rate how appealing it sounds to you on a scale of one to seven, where one means NOT AT ALL APPEALING and seven means VERY APPEALING. A rating of 4 is NEUTRAL. Split Sample
42%
32%
29%
30%
Average Score4.9
4.8
4.4
4.6
4.6
4.5
4.2
4.3
Environmental Goods
Ecological Wealth
Nature’s Social Safety Net
Natural Infrastructure
The Planet’s Products and Services
Ecosystem Services
Earth’s Capital
Natural Capital
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• NatCap approach to mainstreaming ecosystem service information in management and policy
• Case examples:– Designing water funds in Colombia
– Assessing impacts of mining concessions
– Defining ecological function conservation areas in China
– Informing marine spatial planning in British Columbia
• Next steps
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Filling the Gap
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Filling the Gap
Most Policy WindowsMedium spatial scale
Short timelineStandard approach
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Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST)
• Applicable anywhere on the globe
• With minimal data• Flexible scale• Scenario based• Relevant to many
kinds of decisions• Biophysical and socio-
economic outputs• Biodiversity and multi-
services http://www.naturalcapitalproject.org
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China
EasternArc Mtns
California
Hawai’i
AmazonBasin
Colombia
Ecuador
WCVI, B.C.
Belize
Chesapeake Bay
Puget Sound
Galveston Bay
TerrestrialCoastal & Marine
Indonesia
Applying InVEST to inform decision-making
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Testing many kinds of decision contexts
Decision Context Geography
Spatial Planning Tanzania, Indonesia, British Columbia, Hawaii, China
Coastal Zone Management Belize
Ecosystem-based management (terrestrial-marine links)
Puget Sound, Galveston Bay, Chesapeake Bay
Climate adaptation (ecosystem-based adaptation)
Galveston Bay, Monterey Bay
Return on restoration investments Colombia water funds, Gulf of Mexico, Indonesia
Impact assessment, permitting, licensing
Colombia mining concessions, agricultural practices in US
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• NatCap approach to mainstreaming ecosystem service information in management and policy
• Case examples:– Designing water funds in Colombia
– Assessing impacts of mining concessions
– Defining ecological function conservation areas in China
– Informing marine spatial planning in British Columbia
• Next steps
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Stak
ehol
der
Enga
gem
ent Identify Objectives
Develop Scenarios
Compile Data
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Water For Life and Sustainability Water Fund
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Committee:
Watershed Associations
Sugar Cane Associations
The Nature Conservancy
Vallenpaz (local NGO)
Maintain consistent water flows necessary for drinking water, biodiversity and agriculture through a coordinated strategy.
Water For Life and Sustainability Water Fund
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Scenario Development
Landscape rankingEfficient investment for 5 target budgets
TNC and CIAT compiled data
Spatially explicit land uses, agricultural/silvicultural practices
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Stak
ehol
der
Enga
gem
ent Identify Objectives
Develop Scenarios
Compile Data
Biophysical Models
Economic ModelsInVE
ST
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Land Use Soil type Topography
Spatial Data Inputs on Natural Capital
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Roads Cities Infrastructure
Spatial Data Inputs on Built Capital
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InVEST Outputs
Supply Service ValueSupply
+Location and activity of
beneficiaries
Ecological functionsEcosystem elements
Service+
Social preference
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InVEST 1.003 Beta can map
Biodiversity
Crop pollination
Carbon seq & storage
Managed timber production
Avoided reservoir sedimentation
Water yield for hydropower production
Water purification: nutrient retention
Multi-Service Approach
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• Market valuation– Carbon– Timber– Non-timber forest products
• Avoided damage costs– Water purification– Flood mitigation– Avoided reservoir
sedimentation
• Production Economics– Water for irrigation– Pollination of agricultural
crops
T1 Economic Valuation Methods
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InVEST Outputs
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Return on Investment Results
Amaime River Watershed
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Return on Investment Results
Amaime Nima
Palo
Bolo
Desbaratado
FraileTulua Guabas
Sabaletas
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Investment Portfolios
Tulua River Watershed
Mapped Output:Where should protection, restoration activities occur for a given investment?
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Stakeholder Feedback
Tulua River Watershed
Not Feasible: Guerilla Activity
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Stak
ehol
der E
ngag
emen
t Identify Objectives
Develop Scenarios
Compile Data
Post-Analyses
Biophysical Models
Economic ModelsInVE
ST
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Returning Services to the Same People
“Servicesheds’ for beneficiaries of mining mitigation
Nutrient Pollution ImpactsErosion Impacts
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Sumatra Land Use Planning
Scenario 1 Scenario 2
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Spatial Pattern of Service Change
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-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
Summed habitat quality score / 1000
Water yield runoff depth (mm/yr)
Avoided erosion (tons / yr) / 100000
Carbon stock over 50 yrs (Mt) / 100
Plantation area (km2) / 1000
Natural habitat (km2) / 1000
Multi-Service Tradeoffs
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Baoxing EFCA Mapping with InVEST
PRODUCTION: -Water Retention- Soil Retention- Carbon Storage - Biodiversity
DEMAND:HydropowerFlood MitigationIrrigationAgriculture, Mining
Draft EFCA Map
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• 40,000 people• 11% Nuu-chah-nulth
First Nations• Logging, fishing,
aquaculture, tourism
Marine spatial planning in British Columbia
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Marine InVEST
Nursery
Fisheries
Aquaculture
Coastal Protection
Transformation & sequestration
Recreation
Energy generation
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WEC-1
WEC-2
WEC-3
WEC-1 : Generated the greatest energy : Caused the least changes in the aesthetic view of nearby parks: Produced the least conflicts with fishery activities
Commercial Salmon Trawl
Commercial Salmon Net
Commercial Crab
Recreational Groundfish
Recreational Salmon
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Next steps: links to livelihoods, poverty alleviation, human health
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R² = 0.8242
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Ann
ual A
vgYi
eld
SWAT
Annual Avg Yield InVEST
Model Testing: USA
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Comparison of SWAT and InVESTAverage annual water yield (mm)
TULUASWAT InVEST % difference
Baseline 805.98 804.28 0.21%No conservation 816.04 765.98 6.13%Conservation 805.54 768.87 4.55%
FRAILESWAT InVEST % difference
Baseline 301.23 379.19 -25.88%No conservation 319.77 335.54 -4.93%Conservation 300.55 362.60 -20.65%
Model Testing: Colombia
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Model Testing: Hainan Island, China