values values: collective ideas about what’s right or wrong; good or bad; desirable or undesirable...
TRANSCRIPT
Values
Values: collective ideas about what’s right or wrong; good or bad; desirable or undesirable by a particular culture
Robin Williams Core American Values
Individualism = overarching value Value Clusters
Achievement and success
Activity and workEfficiency and practicality
Science and progress
Material comfort [Education 1975]
Robin Williams Core American Values
Value Cluster Equality and Equal Opportunity Democracy Freedom and liberty (free
enterprise) Humanitarianism and morality [religiosity; romantic love 1975]
Robin Williams Core American Values
Contradictory Values Racism and group superiority (logical outcome of individualism)
EQUITY
strains -- change
American Values
Emerging Values Leisure
Self-fulfillment Physical fitness Youthfulness Environmental concerns
Culture Strain
Ideal -------real culture
Culture Strains Cheating-- ex
Moral Holidays/Moral Holiday places
Culture Wars
ESSENTIAL TO CULTURE
Symbols and Language
Symbols
anything which meaningfully represents something else
Creates shared meanings; powerful feelings
Alphabets
ABCDEFGHIHKLOMNPQUSTUVWXYZ
Language
set of symbols that expresses ideas and allows people to communicate
Creates visual imagesSG: allows shared past, present and futureComplex goal directed planning Cumulative human experience – can go
beyond the immediateShared and new perspectives
Sapir-Whorf Thesis
language predisposes its People to think and perceive in certain ways, to shape reality by what we notice and how we designate:
Verbal – Oral and Written
Symbols grammarA,B,C structure/form
Argot – specialized languageinsider status –”glues and excludes”
Non-Verbal
PowerfulIntentional or unintentionalVisual cuesVerbal cues -tone, inflection Environment and context
Types of Non Verbal Communication
Symbolic Action powerful gesturesEX. Black power salute 1968 draft card burninglynching
bra burning at Miss America
Types of Non Verbal Communication
Body Language1. Facial Expressions – universal
Ekman
BUT what triggers the emotionacceptable responses = cultural
2. gestures – relative, must be learnedstaring, eye contact
3. demeanor – tied to relative social power
4. dress
Key ideas - Hall
Body language/non verbal language is LEARNED – by observation & imitation
We learn what’s appropriate for gender, ethnicity, class, regions, race
“Non verbal communications signal to other members of your own group what kind of person you are, how you feel about others, how you’ll fit in and work in a group, whether you’re anxious, the degree to which you feel comfortable with the standards of your own culture as well as deeply significant feelings about the self…”
Non Verbal Communication -space
Space and proximity
personal space distance needed for safety
we react to invasion
Intimate distance – w/in 18 “ – spouses, lovers, close friends
“get out of my face!
Personal distance – immediate area that one claims as private 18”-4’
Social distance – 4’-12’ formal relationships
Public distance – over 12’
Contradictory Messages - paradox
Can’t decipher meaning – get two meanings or cues
Must interpret cues to determine behavior or response
Not the same a lack of clarity or misunderstanding
Ex. flirting