value of the integrated grid...aligned with the integrated grid phase 1 integrated grid (ig) paper...
TRANSCRIPT
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Robin E Manning
Vice President - Transmission, EPRI
PSERC Summer Workshop
July 15, 2015
Value of the
Integrated GridUtility Integrated Distributed
Resource Deployment
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EPRI’s Integrated Grid Concept
Extensive Electricity Sector Stakeholders in All Phases
Phase 1
Integrated Grid
(IG) Paper
FEB 2014
Phase 2
Benefit/Cost
Assessment
OCT 2014
Phase 1
IG Pilots
NOW
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Action Plan
Inform
Stakeholders on
Key Concept &
Challenges
Benefit/Cost
Framework for
Different Designs
Global
Demonstrations
Data, Information
and Tools
Global Collaboration to Establish the Science, Engineering and Economics
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EPRI Whitepapers
Aligned with the Integrated GridPhase 1
Integrated Grid
(IG) Paper
FEB 2014
Grid Modernization
– Power System Resiliency
– Physical Security, EMP, GMD, Sensors, UAV, Advanced Structures
Communication Standards and Interconnection Rules
– Recommended Settings for Voltage and Frequency Ride-Through of Distributed Energy Resources
– Are Current Unintentional Islanding Prevention Practices Sufficient for Future Needs
Integrated Planning and Operations
– Contributions of Supply and Demand Resources to Required Power System Reliability Services
– Distribution Feeder Hosting Capacity: What Matters When Planning for DER
Informed Policy and Regulation
– Power System Flexibility (PS Connectivity pending)
– Importance of Capacity and Energy in Supply and Demand
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Integrated Grid - Benefit Cost Framework Phase 2
Benefit/Cost
Assessment
OCT 2014
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Utility Scale PV
Utility Scale PV + Storage
Distributed Storage
Microgrids
EV Charging Infrastructure
Customer Side Technologies
EPRI Integrated Grid Pilots: Building an Industry Repository of
Integration Approaches, Benefit-Cost and Business Models
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Why Integrated Grid Pilots and EPRI?
An Integrated Approach
Uses consistent, transparent
methodology intended to be
broadly applicable
Goes considerably beyond
technology demonstrations
– Performance, costs,
environmental and operational
impacts and business models
Assesses societal and grid
benefits that far outweigh
technology benefits alone
Requirements and approaches for
integration at much larger scales
EPRI’s Role
Develop requirements for
integrated approach
Help implement approach
– For planned or existing technology
deployments
Collect and analyze data to
assess costs and benefits
Inform and benefit industry
research programs to enhance
industry platforms and standards
for integration
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Integrated Approach to Deploying
Distributed Energy Resources (DER)
The integrated
approach allows
Local Energy
Optimization to
become part of
Global Energy
Optimization
Discussion Topics
DER technology
outlook
Value of Integrated
Grid
Examples of
Integrated approach
for DER
TheIntegrated
Grid
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Value of the Grid to DER
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
Hour
PV Output
Residential Load
Power (kW)
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Grid Connectivity Reduces Harmonic Impact
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Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun
5
4
3
2
1
0
-1
-2
-3
Site D
em
an
d (
kW
)Value of Grid for a Net Zero Energy Home
Capacity
Capacity
Need to Value Both Capacity and Energy
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Outlook of Residential and Commercial PV
Factoids1
Residential system prices fell
7%, from $4.91/W (1Q13) to
$4.56/W (1Q14)
Non-residential system prices
fell 5.7% year-over-year, from
$3.95/W to $3.72/W
Supply Chain, Overhead and
Margins – largest cost category
(40%)
Other significant include the PV
module (20% of total pricing)
and direct installation labor
(13%) of total pricing).
Trends
Residential PV installations exceeded non-residential
More than 1/3 of residential PV installations came on-
line without any state incentive
School, government, and nonprofit PV installations
increasing
Future price decline will depend on addressing soft costs
2009
$8.00
2014
$4.56
Residential PV System Price PV Module Price Trend
1SEIA/GTM Research 1Q2014 PV
43% decline in 5 years
$6.00
$5.00
$4.00
$3.00
$2.00
$1.00
$0.001990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
PV Module Price
per Watt
Key contributor to
price reduction
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Lithium Ion Technology Outlook
$180-$225
$100-$120
$1000-$1200
$500-$600
$400-$500
$200-$250
Projected Cost (in $/kWh) 2015 2020
Cell
Battery Pack
Residential
ES System
$800-$1000
$400-$500
Utility Scale
ES System
Costs can differ significantly at the cell, battery pack, and complete system levels
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0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Controlled Water Heater (kWh)Uncontrolled Water Heater (kWh)
Smart Appliance as a Grid Resource
Water Heater – Passive Energy Storage
Average energy draw profile of an electric water heaterIntelligent set point control, charging and discharging decoupledIntelligent set point control to provide grid benefits
Hours
kW
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Substation
Line Regulators
1.10
1.05
1.00
0.95540480420360300240180120600 600
Time (sec)
Voltage (pu)
No Control
Voltage at END of Feeder
Value of an Integrated Approach:
Smart Inverter Assisted Voltage Control
Volt/Var Control
Simulation results indicate use of smart
inverters can mitigate many of the voltage
issues resulting from PV
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Multiple Applications for Distributed Storage
Key long-term need: distribution communication/control platform to integrate and optimize
Dispatch Priority 1
Dispatch Priority 2
Dispatch Priority 3
Distribution
Investment
Deferral
System Electric
Supply Capacity
Electric Energy
Time ShiftRegulation
Spinning
Reserve
Non-Spinning
Reserve
DistributionSubstation
SubstationStorage
Community Storage
ResidentialStorage
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0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Total Fixed Total Variable
Utility #1
Utility #2
Utility #3
Utility #4
Utility #5
Utility #6
Utility #7
Utility #8
Utility #9
Utility #10
Analysis of cost for 10 representative US utilities
Cost Composition of Residential Bills(approximated from public data)
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Key Research Challenges: Enable Integration of
Customer Resources
Grid Ops & Planning Integration Unproven
Reliable forecasts of availability and dispatch-ability
of customer resources needed for ops and planning
Integration Platforms Early Evolution
Platforms to link and aggregate devices (controls,
inverters, appliances) at the customer premises
Customer Adoption and Use Not Modeled
No robust model to estimate customer adoption
and use of technology and resultant grid impacts
Load Impacts Highly Uncertain
New technologies are altering load shapes in
ways we are only beginning to comprehend
Measurement & Verification Needed
Methods to characterize benefits and impacts
attributable to customer resource interventions
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Together…Shaping the Future of Electricity
Electric Power Research Institute