value-added agriculture and rural development
DESCRIPTION
Value-Added Agriculture and Rural Development. Prof. Maureen Kilkenny Dept. of Economics, Iowa State University for the Council of State Governments 57 th Annual Midwestern Legislative Conference August 20, 2002 Fargo, North Dakota. outline. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Value-Added Agriculture and Rural DevelopmentProf. Maureen Kilkenny Dept. of Economics, Iowa State Universityfor the Council of State Governments 57th Annual Midwestern Legislative ConferenceAugust 20, 2002 Fargo, North Dakota
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outline1. what we SAY are rural development problems2. what we DO 3. why value-added agriculture?4. critique 5. ideas for the future
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rural housing & infrastructurenon-farm jobs & income reward land stewardshippriority issues:
Chart1
0.555555555610.80.875
0.33333333330.33333333330.60.625
0.44444444440.83333333330.80.5
0.11111111110.50.40.5
0.33333333330.83333333330.80.5
0.77777777780.33333333330.40.5
00.16666666670.20.375
0.22222222220.33333333330.40.375
0.22222222220.16666666670.20.25
0.11111111110.333333333300.25
0.66666666670.33333333330.60.25
0.22222222220.16666666670.20.125
0.44444444440.33333333330.60.125
00.16666666670.40.125
0000
0.2222222222000
0.111111111100.40
NoEast
South
West
Midwest
Perceived Rural Development Problems% of surveyed agricultural economists indicating 4-5
1. Who
Who should benefit most?share of sumsum shares
survey numbercount >= maxmaxa. farmersb. rural poorc. rural non-farm business or industryd. mobile rural citizens (e.g. young people)e. immobile rural citizens (e.g. rural shop owners, older homeowners)f. nature lovers, environmentalists, future generationsg. all citizens equally (average of urban plus rural)suma. farmersb. rural poorc. rural non-farm business or industryd. mobile rural citizens (e.g. young people)e. immobile rural citizens (e.g. rural shop owners, older homeowners)f. nature lovers, environmentalists, future generationsg. all citizens equally (average of urban plus rural)
abcdefgabcdefg
13545525122417%21%21%8%21%4%8%
21545133201822%28%6%17%17%11%0%
3252545312229%23%18%23%14%5%9%
42532141552114%10%5%19%5%24%24%
52424423221911%21%21%11%16%11%11%
61543434352615%12%15%12%15%12%19%
71534433352512%16%16%12%12%12%20%
81545334202119%24%14%14%19%10%0%
92531421552114%5%19%10%5%24%24%
101534423352413%17%17%8%13%13%21%
111543205011527%20%13%0%33%0%7%
121533333352313%13%13%13%13%13%22%
132545500041822%28%28%0%0%0%22%
142545544222615%19%19%15%15%8%8%
151544435132417%17%17%13%21%4%13%
161535334312214%23%14%14%18%14%5%
172554533332619%15%19%12%12%12%12%
181554333332421%17%13%13%13%13%13%
194535555232811%18%18%18%18%7%11%
201534323152114%19%14%10%14%5%24%
211535333232214%23%14%14%14%9%14%
221553422211926%16%21%11%11%11%5%
233545554433013%17%17%17%13%13%10%
241535444212313%22%17%17%17%9%4%
25151354322205%15%25%20%15%10%10%
262525325312110%24%14%10%24%14%5%
271534433252413%17%17%13%13%8%21%
281534335342512%16%12%12%20%12%16%
2900
3000
3100
3200
sum9411410381946581
sum/non93.44.13.73.13.52.53.1
stdev0.951.051.121.231.281.221.69stdev0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%
avg3.364.073.682.893.362.322.891.33farmersrural poornon-farm enterprisesmobile citizensimmobileenvironmentalistsall citizens
5 top priority3127362811%43%25%11%21%7%29%
49910461232%32%36%14%21%4%7%
3125812129643%18%29%43%43%32%21%
23117110511%4%4%25%4%36%18%
111202454%4%7%0%7%14%18%
unable to rank00021220%0%0%7%4%7%7%
sum28282828282828sorted:
rural poorall citizensnon-farm enterprisesimmobilefarmersmobile citizensenvironmentalists
percent ranking >=45 top priority43%29%25%21%11%11%7%
farmersrural poornon-farm enterprisesmobile citizensimmobileenvironmentalistsall citizens432%7%36%21%32%14%4%
USA43%75%61%25%43%11%36%318%21%29%43%43%43%32%
EU53%41%38%25%44%19%34%24%18%4%4%11%25%36%
sorted1 lowest priority4%18%7%7%4%14%
rural poornon-farm enterprisesfarmersimmobile citizensall citizens equallymobile rural citizensenvironmental interestsunable to rank7%4%7%7%
USA75%61%43%43%36%25%11%
EU41%38%53%44%34%25%19%
rural poornon-farm enterprisesimmobile citizensfarmersall citizensmobile citizensenvironmentalists
average*4.13.73.53.43.13.12.5
SD1.11.11.31.01.71.21.2
2SD2.12.22.61.93.42.52.4
rural poornon-farm enterprisesimmobilefarmersall citizensmobile citizensenvironmentalists
+2SD6.25.96.05.36.55.64.9
-2SD2.01.40.91.5-0.30.70.1
average4.13.73.53.43.13.12.5
EAEA results:rural poornon-farm enterprisesimmobile citizensfarmersall citizens equallymobile citizensenvironmentalists
EAAE3.55555555563.46153846153.37037037043.65384615383.30434782612.882.7727272727
farmersrural poornon-farm enterprisesmobile citizensimmobileenvironmentalistsall citizens
CENET&NE1629411410381946581
EAAE95969072916176
1. Who
000000
000000
000000
000000
000000
000000
000000
5 top priority
4
3
2
1 lowest priority
unable to rank
Priority in Rural Development CENET & NE-162 responses August, 2001
regional problems
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
+2SD
-2SD
average
increasing rank
Priority in Rural Development
2. Problem
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
EAAE
CENET&NE162
Priority Group
4. strategies
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
USA
EU
Priority Group In Rural Development% ranked 4 or 5
3.Objectives
2. What are the problems?
survey numbera. poverty among rural farmersb. poverty among the rural non-farm populationc. rural depopulation or rural-to-urban migration (circle which)d. rural under- and un-employmente. vacant rural commercial and/or industrial property (circle which)f. absentee landlords or rural gentrification (circle which)g. idle farm landh. higher rural cost-of-livingi. time-consuming or costly rural-urban commutej. sub-standard rural housing, infrastructure, or public servicesk. rural social problems (troubled youth, crime, drugs, racism) too highl. unacceptably skewed rural income distributionm. rural cyclical busts/booms too strongn. rural environmental degradation (water pollution, erosion, species loss)o. dis-enfranchisement of local citizens, or low political representationp. monocrop externalitiesq. land stewards not rewarded by mktregion
abcdefghijklmnopqsurvey#region
6001232111312354331Rhode Island, USA12
9343515153134354151New Jersey23
11131330133533350101Pennsylvania33
12333333333444343331Idaho42
14455500143444044111NoEast52
18422222313434244251NewHampshire61
21342311114324331111USA74
22221335312434313141NewHampshire82
26153422112333442321Pennsylvania91
1123411111411131122Indiana104
4335443123212321242NoCentral USA111
5135354111543352222Kansas121
8343331121533243142Missouri133
23554432223433353322Iowa141
25353532215444234242Illinois153
27441223223445333142Wisconsin163
28115351124431141452Iowa174
2351531015533313103southern USA181
3354403125545215133SoCentral USA193
13555553313535033103Virginia204
15235131113523314123MidAtlantic211
16341515132543242443Arkansas221
19342432223533243143Tennessee232
7343523132434335424Colorado244
10153323333553553154Wyoming252
17355535131555355554Idaho261
20334542121324425344Utah272
24453432122433333134Oregon282
2929
3030
3131
3232
4-5 priority/total non-9
housing or infrastructurestewardship not rewardednon-farm povertysocial problemsunemploymentenvironmentvacant propertyrural depopulationfarm povertycommuteincome distributionabsentees or gentrificationdis-enfranchisementmonocrop externalitiesidle farm landhigh cost-of-livingbiz cycles
NoEast56%33%44%11%33%78%0%22%22%11%67%22%44%0%0%22%11%9
Midwest88%63%50%50%50%50%38%38%25%25%25%13%13%13%0%0%0%8
South100%33%83%50%83%33%17%33%17%33%33%17%33%17%0%0%0%6
West80%60%80%40%80%40%20%40%20%0%60%20%60%40%0%0%40%5
28
abcdefghijklmnopq
farm povertynon-farm povertysocial problemsunemploymentvacant propertyabsentees or gentrificationidle farm landhigh cost-of-livingcommutehousing or infrastructurerural depopulationincome distributionbustsenvironmentdis-enfranchisementmonocrop externalitiesstewardshipnot rewarded
NoEast22%44%11%33%0%22%0%22%11%56%22%67%11%78%44%0%33%9
Midwest25%50%50%50%38%13%0%0%25%88%38%25%0%50%13%13%63%8
South17%83%50%83%17%17%0%0%33%100%33%33%0%33%33%17%33%6
West20%80%40%80%20%20%0%0%0%80%40%60%40%40%60%40%60%5
3.Objectives
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
NoEast
South
West
Midwest
Regional Rural Development Problems% of respondents indicating 4-5
raw data
2. What are the problems?
survey numbera. poverty among rural farmersb. poverty among the rural non-farm populationc. rural depopulation or rural-to-urban migration (circle which)d. rural under- and un-employmente. vacant rural commercial and/or industrial property (circle which)f. absentee landlords or rural gentrification (circle which)g. idle farm landh. higher rural cost-of-livingi. time-consuming or costly rural-urban commutej. sub-standard rural housing, infrastructure, or public servicesk. rural social problems (troubled youth, crime, drugs, racism) too highl. unacceptably skewed rural income distributionm. rural cyclical busts/booms too strongn. rural environmental degradation (water pollution, erosion, species loss)o. dis-enfranchisement of local citizens, or low political representationp. monocrop externalitiesq. land stewards not rewarded by mktregionagehighest degtitlepolicyenvirmktgintlfarm mngmtrural devother
abcdefghijklmnopq
112341111141113112Indiana
235153101553331310southern USA
335440312554521513SoCentral USA
433544312321232124NoCentral USA
513535411154335222Kansas
600123211131235433Rhode Island, USA
734352313243433542Colorado
834333112153324314Missouri
934351515313435415New Jersey
1015332333355355315Wyoming
1113133013353335010Pennsylvania
1233333333344434333Idaho
1355555331353503310Virginia
1445550014344404411NoEast
1523513111352331412MidAtlantic
1634151513254324244Arkansas
1735553513155535555Idaho
1842222231343424425NewHampshire
1934243222353324314Tennessee
2033454212132442534Utah
2134231111432433111USA
2222133531243431314NewHampshire
2355443222343335332Iowa
2445343212243333313Oregon
2535353221544423424Illinois
2615342211233344232Pennsylvania
2744122322344533314Wisconsin
2811535112443114145Iowa
29
30
31
32
sum7510386104736741567511486957296845583
sum/non92.83.83.13.72.82.61.52.02.74.13.13.42.83.43.12.03.3
stdev1.281.361.461.151.341.450.841.051.221.021.051.071.101.351.361.231.60stdev
avg2.683.683.073.712.612.391.462.002.684.073.073.392.573.433.001.962.961.39
5 top priority2107934013112417415
4473721012117928638
3136981275612413111571054
223335849513262346
161614618116132244152
unable to rank11002210000020103
sum2828282828282828282828282828282828
jbdnlqokceamifhpg
j. sub-standard rural housing, infrastructure, or public servicesb. poverty among the rural non-farm populationd. rural under- and un-employmentn. rural environmental degradation (water pollution, erosion, species loss)l. unacceptably skewed rural income distributionq. land stewards not rewarded by mkto. dis-enfranchisement of local citizens, or low political representationk. rural social problems (troubled youth, crime, drugs, racism) too highc. rural depopulation or rural-to-urban migration (circle which)e. vacant rural commercial and/or industrial property (circle which)a. poverty among rural farmersm. rural cyclical busts/booms too strongi. time-consuming or costly rural-urban commutef. absentee landlords or rural gentrification (circle which)h. higher rural cost-of-livingp. monocrop externalitiesg. idle farm land
avg*4.07142857143.81481481483.71428571433.42857142863.39285714293.323.11111111113.07142857143.07142857142.80769230772.77777777782.76923076922.67857142862.576923076921.96428571431.5185185185
SD1.01574900041.36228488421.15010926561.34518541831.0659471781.59819673511.36082763491.05157981431.46385010941.34272486121.27812279681.10314605421.21879027541.44886381321.05409255341.2317450090.8380817098
housing or infrastructurenon-farm povertyunemploymentenvironmentincome distributionstewardshipnot rewardeddis-enfranchisementsocial problemsrural depopulationvacant propertyfarm povertybustscommuteabsentees or gentrificationhigh cost-of-livingmonocrop externalitiesidle farm land
+2SD6.10292657226.53938458336.01450424546.11894226515.52475149886.51639347035.83276638095.17458825.99912879035.49314203015.33402337134.97552287775.11615197945.47465070334.10818510684.42777573233.1946819382
-2SD2.03993057071.09024504631.41406718310.7382005921.26096278690.12360652970.38945584140.96826894290.14372835260.12224258530.22153218430.56293866080.2409908777-0.3208045495-0.1081851068-0.4992043037-0.1576449012
US ave4.07142857143.81481481483.71428571433.42857142863.39285714293.323.11111111113.07142857143.07142857142.80769230772.77777777782.76923076922.67857142862.576923076921.96428571431.5185185185
jbdnlqockeamifhpg
US ave4.07142857143.81481481483.71428571433.42857142863.39285714293.323.11111111113.07142857143.07142857142.80769230772.77777777782.76923076922.67857142862.576923076921.96428571431.5185185185
EU ave2.96551724142.43333333333.36666666673.32258064522.33333333333.714285714332.81481481481.9629629632.42857142862.522.55172413792.03846153851.777777777832.8518518519
housing or infrastructurenon-farm povertyunemploymentenvironmentincome distributionstewardship not rewardeddis-enfranchisementsocial problemsrural depopulationvacant propertyfarm povertybustscommuteabsentees or gentrificationhigh cost-of-livingmonocrop externalitiesidle farm land
US4.07142857143.81481481483.71428571433.42857142863.39285714293.323.11111111113.07142857143.07142857142.80769230772.77777777782.76923076922.67857142862.576923076921.96428571431.5185185185
EU2.96551724142.43333333333.36666666673.32258064522.33333333333.714285714332.81481481481.9629629632.42857142862.522.55172413792.03846153851.777777777832.8518518519
stewardship not rewardedunemploymentenvironmentdis-enfranchisementmonocrop externalitieshousing or infrastructureidle farm landsocial problemscommutefarm povertynon-farm povertyvacant propertyincome distributionabsentees or gentrificationbustsrural depopulationhigh cost-of-living
US3.323.71428571433.42857142863.11111111111.96428571434.07142857141.51851851853.07142857142.67857142862.77777777783.81481481482.80769230773.39285714292.57692307692.76923076923.07142857142
EU3.71428571433.36666666673.3225806452332.96551724142.85185185192.81481481482.55172413792.52.43333333332.42857142862.33333333332.038461538521.9629629631.7777777778
raw data
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
+2SD
-2SD
US ave
EU ave
rank
What are the Problems?
survey summary
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
US
EU
Rural development problems
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
US
EU
Rural development problems
survey numberregionWhat are the objectives?a. full employment of rural laborb. full occupancy of rural farm, commercial, industrial and/or residential landc. high quality rural community lifed. equal rural and urban incomese. equal rural and urban population growth ratesf. equal rural and urban political powerg. rural social equity (within rural and between rural/urban)h. beautiful rural landscapei. high quality rural environment and biodiversityj. preserved traditional rural occupationsEffective Strategies?
abcdefghij
quality of Life >= 4sortedcbgrdeqtfjovhislmakpuwn
leadership developmenthuman capital investmenttelecommunicationsenvironmental ameliorationupgrade infrastructuresubsidize rural social servicesregulate environmental qualitypromote exportsdecentralizesubsidize housingmanufacturing incentivessubsidize transportationzoning, parksgeo-labelingminimum wagefarm supporttourism incentivesprevent out-migrationsubsidize non-basicpromote in-migrationregulate against absenteeprotectionismcommon currencyfarm supporthuman capital investmentleadership developmentsubsidize rural social servicesupgrade infrastructuredecentralizetelecommunicationssubsidize transportationzoning, parksmanufacturing incentivessubsidize non-basictourism incentivesprevent out-migrationpromote in-migrationsubsidize housingregulate against absenteeregulate environmental qualityenvironmental ameliorationgeo-labelingpromote exportsprotectionismminimum wagecommon currencyleadership developmenthuman capital investmenttelecommunicationsenvironmental ameliorationsubsidize rural social servicesupgrade infrastructureregulate environmental qualitypromote exportsdecentralizemanufacturing incentivessubsidize housingminimum wagesubsidize transportationzoning, parksgeo-labelingtourism incentivesprevent out-migrationfarm supportsubsidize non-basicregulate against absenteeprotectionismcommon currencypromote in-migration
cbgredqtfojhisvalmknpuwabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwquality of life92%84%80%76%64%68%60%48%44%32%36%20%24%24%20%16%16%16%12%4%4%4%8%
6Rhode Island, USA1245323345344354343212324332221322quality of life16%84%92%64%68%44%80%24%24%32%12%16%16%8%36%4%60%76%20%48%4%20%4%full employment87%87%74%70%61%57%57%48%43%35%30%26%30%17%17%17%13%9%4%4%4%0%0%
9New Jersey1515113344355544435422229333919939full employment9%87%87%61%57%43%74%30%17%35%4%17%13%0%30%4%57%70%17%48%4%26%0%environment94%88%76%71%53%53%59%47%53%35%35%35%24%29%29%18%18%12%6%6%6%6%0%
14NoEast1535434435155494499344321333432911environment12%88%94%53%53%53%76%24%29%35%6%18%18%0%35%6%59%71%29%47%6%35%6%average91%86%77%72%59%59%58%48%47%34%34%27%26%24%22%17%16%12%7%5%5%3%3%
18NewHampshire1235433455455544343432344143232232average12%86%91%59%59%47%77%26%24%34%7%17%16%3%34%5%58%72%22%48%5%27%3%
5Kansas2535329335155343444331152412111119
8Missouri2315133424245425444443332113321114
23Iowa2435322343335344454342333933122333
25Illinois2545222243355344434233433213322229
27Wisconsin2435224533255344343421322322222219
28Iowa2335315533243444452434342133345111
3SoCentral USA3435329423143433233231333123311119
15MidAtlantic3315225322255433414353423143545313
16Arkansas3525312535155544344143443413232119
19Tennessee3535222344244444443434443324443333
10Wyoming4435333455555454353334343414432113
17Idaho4515333535153553535535533311331551
20Utah4445214321245424314333323113332222
11Pennsylvania1514319933145444444433333344232119
22NewHampshire1534323244445443324423124122131311
26Pennsylvania1424222535155443452341232412222329
1Indiana2524311323455444452244332123222119
4NoCentral USA2534433244335443433433333144223212
13Virginia3524424344352445441344331413222219
7Colorado4544212434245432235344134132322111
24Oregon4534113333145544542431534921211129
92%84%80%76%68%64%60%48%44%36%32%24%24%20%20%16%16%16%12%8%4%4%4%
full employment >=4
Effective Strategies?human capital investmentleadership developmenttelecommunicationsenvironmental ameliorationsubsidize rural social servicesupgrade infrastructureregulate environmental qualitypromote exportsdecentralizemanufacturing incentivessubsidize transportationsubsidize housingminimum wagezoning, parkstourism incentivesgeo-labelingprevent out-migrationfarm supportsubsidize non-basicregulate against absenteeprotectionismpromote in-migrationcommon currency
bcgrdeqtfjhovilsmakpunw
9New Jersey1515113344355544435422232399319399
11Pennsylvania1514319933154444444433333432431129
12Idaho1533533435344333343434343333333239
14NoEast1535434435155494499343432314339121
21USA1513211234354322314421212241121122
22NewHampshire1534323244454443324431212241233111
1Indiana2524311323455444452243413322221129
4NoCentral USA2534433244353444333433313432422132
5Kansas2535329335155344344311345221111119
25Illinois2545222243355344434234323333122229
2southern USA3513222312153434343345393323332139
13Virginia3524424344325444541343443312122129
16Arkansas3525312535155543444134444332131129
19Tennessee3535222344244444443444334434243333
7Colorado4544212434254432235341413243321121
17Idaho4515333535135555335555333133135511
24Oregon4534113333154545442415393142211219
26Pennsylvania1424222535155444352312443222123229
23Iowa2435322343353344454323493331323323
27Wisconsin2435224533255343443413232222222129
3SoCentral USA3435329423134432333213313333211119
10Wyoming4435333455555453453343344434131123
20Utah4445214321254423414333312333132222
87%87%74%70%61%57%57%48%43%35%30%30%26%17%17%17%13%9%4%4%4%0%0%
environment >=4
leadership developmenthuman capital investmenttelecommunicationsenvironmental ameliorationregulate environmental qualitysubsidize rural social servicesupgrade infrastructuredecentralizepromote exportsmanufacturing incentivessubsidize housingminimum wagezoning, parksgeo-labelingsubsidize transportationtourism incentivesprevent out-migrationfarm supportsubsidize non-basicregulate against absenteeprotectionismcommon currencypromote in-migration
cbgrqdeftjovishlmakpuwn
6Rhode Island, USA1245323345344354342321324322323221
12Idaho1533533435344334334333433433333293
14NoEast1535434435155499443944321334339112
18NewHampshire1235433455455544344323144332432322
26Pennsylvania1424222535155445433214432222123292
5Kansas2535329335155344433413452121111191
16Arkansas3525312535155544341434443432131192
10Wyoming4435333455555455343343443344131132
17Idaho4515333535153553535553333513135511
9New Jersey1515113344355543444522329239319399
21USA1513211234345321234422124121121122
22NewHampshire1534323244445442334432124121233111
4NoCentral USA2534433244335443434333133342422123
8Missouri2315133424245424454434132333121141
13Virginia3524424344352444453144431332122192
19Tennessee3535222344244444444343343444243333
7Colorado4544212434245433223544134123321112
94%88%76%71%59%53%53%53%47%35%35%35%29%29%24%18%18%12%6%6%6%6%0%
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
environment
quality of life
full employment
Strategies (USA)by objective, % ranked >=4
survey numberregionWhat are the objectives?a. full employment of rural laborb. full occupancy of rural farm, commercial, industrial and/or residential landc. high quality rural community lifed. equal rural and urban incomese. equal rural and urban population growth ratesf. equal rural and urban political powerg. rural social equity (within rural and between rural/urban)h. beautiful rural landscapei. high quality rural environment and biodiversityj. preserved traditional rural occupationsEffective Strategies?a. support farm prices or incomesb. invest in rural human capital (education)c. develop local citizenship/leadershipd. subsidize rural social servicese. upgrade rural municipal infrastructure (e.g. utilities)f. public facility decentralization (e.g. universities, hospitals, prisons)g. subsidize rural telecommunications infrastructureh. subsidize human or commercial transportationi. area use designations, zoning, parksj. incentives (tax reduction or subsidy) for rural manufacturingk. for rural non-basicl. incentives for tourism developmentm. prevent out-migrationn. promote in-migrationo. subsidize rural housingp. regulate against absentee ownership of rural propertyq. regulate to preserve rural environmental qualityr. rural environmental ameliorations. certified labeling of the geographic origin of productst. rural product export promotionu. protectionismv. nation-wide (binding) minimum wagew. common currency (Euro)
abcdefghijabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvw
6Rhode Island, USA1245323345334434233222221134543232
9New Jersey1515113344335544452221399293495339
11Pennsylvania1514319933145444443333422314434139
12Idaho1533533435334433434333333334333249
14NoEast1535434435135544343243342499919131
18NewHampshire1235433455445534453423322324443312
21USA1513211234315423431222212211244112
22NewHampshire1534323244425433441233211232444111
26Pennsylvania1424222535115543342312222435422249
1Indiana2524311323425544243342322415422119
4NoCentral USA2534433244345343443332423323433112
5Kansas2535329335115543331511211314424149
8Missouri2315133424215445443332331414224114
23Iowa2435322343335344333322312435434393
25Illinois2545222243315544234332332323434229
27Wisconsin2435224533225534433212222224423139
28Iowa2335315533233444443444335315422111
2southern USA3513222312135343345343333324323199
3SoCentral USA3435329423123423243311331313333119
13Virginia3524424344312545343342322424411149
15MidAtlantic3315225322245543344234355531334113
16Arkansas3525312535115534154433322414434149
19Tennessee3535222344224444444444443334433333
7Colorado4544212434235422341342232413345111
10Wyoming4435333455515534343443442315533143
17Idaho4515333535113553555353131353535531
20Utah4445214321215434343233332321234212
24Oregon4534113333125454455311121314442299
29
30
31
32
4-5 priority/totalabcdefghij
full employmentfull occupancyquality of lifeincome equalityequal population growthequal political powersocial equitybeautiful landscapeenvironment and biodiversitypreserved traditions
9NoEast78%11%78%33%0%11%44%44%89%22%
8Midwest75%13%100%13%0%25%38%38%38%13%
6South67%0%67%17%0%33%33%33%50%0%
5West100%40%100%0%0%20%60%20%60%20%
28USA82%14%89%18%0%21%43%36%61%14%
32EU53%22%59%22%13%28%50%47%63%28%
sortedquality of lifefull employmentenvironment and biodiversitysocial equitybeautiful landscapeequal political powerincome equalityfull occupancypreserved traditionsequal population growth
9NoEast78%78%89%44%44%11%33%11%22%0%
8Midwest100%75%38%38%38%25%13%13%13%0%
6South67%67%50%33%33%33%17%0%0%0%
5West100%100%60%60%20%20%0%40%20%0%
28USA89%82%61%43%36%21%18%14%14%0%
32EU59%53%63%50%47%28%22%22%28%13%
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
NoEast
Midwest
South
West
USA
Rural Development Objectives% ranked 4 or 5
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
USA
EU
Rural Development Objectives% ranked 4 or 5
111111112222222222222222333333333334444444444444444444444445555555556i6i6i6i6i6i6i6i6i6i6i6i6ii6ii6ii6ii6ii6ii6ii6ii6ii6ii6ii6ii77777777777
survey numberWho should benefit most?a. farmersb. rural poorc. rural non-farm business or industryd. mobile rural citizens (e.g. young people)e. immobile rural citizens (e.g. rural shop owners, older homeowners)f. nature lovers, environmentalists, future generationsg. all citizens equally (average of urban plus rural)What are our rural development problems?a. poverty among rural farmersb. poverty among the rural non-farm populationc. rural depopulation or rural-to-urban migration (circle which)d. rural under- and un-employmente. vacant rural commercial and/or industrial property (circle which)f. absentee landlords or rural gentrification (circle which)g. idle farm landh. higher rural cost-of-livingi. time-consuming or costly rural-urban commutej. sub-standard rural housing, infrastructure, or public servicesk. rural social problems (troubled youth, crime, drugs, racism) too highl. unacceptably skewed rural income distributionm. rural cyclical busts/booms too strongn. rural environmental degradation (water pollution, erosion, species loss)o. dis-enfranchisement of local citizens, or low political representationp. monocrop externalitiesq. land stewards not rewarded by mktWhat are the objectives?a. full employment of rural laborb. full occupancy of rural farm, commercial, industrial and/or residential landc. high quality rural community lifed. equal rural and urban incomese. equal rural and urban population growth ratesf. equal rural and urban political powerg. rural social equity (within rural and between rural/urban)h. beautiful rural landscapei. high quality rural environment and biodiversityj. preserved traditional rural occupationsEffective Strategies?a. support farm prices or incomesb. invest in rural human capital (education)c. develop local citizenship/leadershipd. subsidize rural social servicese. upgrade rural municipal infrastructure (e.g. utilities)f. public facility decentralization (e.g. universities, hospitals, prisons)g. subsidize rural telecommunications infrastructureh. subsidize human or commercial transportationi. area use designations, zoning, parksj. incentives (tax reduction or subsidy) for rural manufacturingk. for rural non-basicl. incentives for tourism developmentm. prevent out-migrationn. promote in-migrationo. subsidize rural housingp. regulate against absentee ownership of rural propertyq. regulate to preserve rural environmental qualityr. rural environmental ameliorations. certified labeling of the geographic origin of productst. rural product export promotionu. protectionismv. nation-wide (binding) minimum wagew. common currency (Euro)Criteria for budgetary allocations across locations and/or groups?a. historical sharesb. land area sharesc. GDP sharesd. populatione. means tested (i.e. according to need)f. outcomes based (i.e. highest payoff)g. magnitude of local match or self-helph. case-by-case basisWho is best at diagnosinga. rural citizensb. local elected officials (e.g. town magistrates, provincial governors)c. local development organizationsd. regional or national development agenciese. national government administrations or bureaucratsg. universities and their facultyh. city and/or regional plannersi. business-agency partnershipsj. private consultantsk. charitable entities (e.g. churches and clergy; philanthropic organizations)l. civic and volunteer organizations (e.g. Chamber of Commerce)Who is best at delivering solutions?a. rural citizensb. local elected officials (e.g. town magistrates, provincial governors)c. local development organizationsd. regional or national development agenciese. national government administrations or bureaucratsg. universities and their facultyh. city and/or regional plannersi. business-agency partnershipsj. private consultantsk. charitable entities (e.g. churches and clergy; philanthropic organizations)l. civic and volunteer organizations (e.g. Chamber of Commerce)information sourcesa. popular press (e.g. newspapers, television)b. world wide webc. newsletters from farmer organizationsd.publications by local/regional development agencies and institutese. nonacademic literature by specialists or practitionersf. scholarly research (journal articles and books by academics)g. national agricultural research institutes (USDA, INRA, etc)h.CENSUSi. OECDj. EUnationalityagehighest degtitlepolicyenvirmktgintlfarm mngmtrural devother
regionabcdefgabcdefghijklmnopqabcdefghijabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwabcdefghabcdeghijklabcdeghijklabcdefghij
1Indiana24552512123411111411131125243113234255442433423224154221191115542454333333333333222332333319333599Indiana51321
2southern USA345133293515311`15533313195132223121353433453433333243231993113553334333443343333334433434434444444southern USA543211
3SoCentral USA32545312354493125545215134353294231234232433113313133331199112531333454544434222313232233434449999SoCentral USA333211
4NoCentral USA23214155335443123212321245344332443453434433324233234331122212444333433334434444334444443333444499NoCentral USA5532111
5Kansas22442322135354111543352225353293351155433315112113144241491124553333344554333434333443345594444499Kansas45321
6Rhode Island, USA14343435991232111312354332453233453344342332222211345432322332434443433443324234343342234333433333Rhode Island, USA5432111
7Colorado43443335343523132434335425442124342354223413422324133451112431445111352534132112232244442435332499Colorado323211
8Missouri24533429343331121533243143151334242154454433323314142241142223453334343434322233324452224534545554Missouri513211
9New Jersey13142155343515153134354155151133443355444522213992934953391234553554321435435123451231422543355429New Jersey45321
10Wyoming43442335153323333553553154353334555155343434434423155331431431435444223442355312234423554313552522Wyoming46321
11Pennsylvania14329591131339133533359195143199331454444433334223144341393333333354332434333333323231333933555449Pennsylvania56321
12Idaho13333335333333333444343335335334353344334343333333343332492333443233333333333555444434334423344539Idaho53321
13Virginia34559994555553313535933195244243443125453433423224244111499334532133322433333223332132442313344549Virginia633211
14NoEast14554422455599143444944115354344351355443432433424999191319911594355523449934344434499344534544499NoEast38311111
15MidAtlantic34443513235131113523314123152253222455433442343555313341133133354333344444433333333433343334444333MidAtlantic593111
16Arkansas33533431341515132543242445253125351155341544333224144341491112345233444434233435113241441514423599Arkansas523211
17Idaho45453333355535131555355555153335351135535553531313535355311135555335332334254353322352344333442339Idaho613211
18NewHampshire15433333422222313434244252354334554455344534233223244433124433453543433333343334323332444344333533NewHampshire683211
19Tennessee33555523342432223533243145352223442244444444444433344333332123444433443544433223333343434534434499Tennessee483211
20Utah43432315334542121324425344452143212154343432333323212342122243554344322433332342332242322323344499Utah603211
21USA13533323342311114324331115132112343154234312222122112441121223552153331332113333325321133344542555USA662211
22NewHampshire15342221221335312434313145343232444254334412332112324441112243554353342543133423322341432534354443NewHampshire5532111
23Iowa24555443554432223433353324353223433353443333223124354343932223523344333443343443334443433534544522Iowa503211
24Oregon43544421453432122433333135341133331254544553111213144422993125432344344543432953343393323534345599Oregon58321
25Illinois21354322353532215444234245452222433155442343323323234342291134554332322322132233333342434433344399Illinois59321
26Pennsylvania12532531153422112333442324242225351155433423122224354222491113533542234532341322332243414312345499Pennsylvania35321
27Wisconsin23443325441223223445333144352245332255344332122222244231392122454353433444254434234442444314444599Wisconsin41321
28Iowa23433534115351124431141453353155332334444434443353154221112122455343433334445455332352354592244599Iowa47321
290
300
310
320
0
0
Ancona Survey summary tabulation form
lowest priorityhighestunable to rank
1Who should benefit most?123459
1a. farmersa
1b. rural poorb
1c. rural non-farm business or industryc
1d. mobile rural citizens (e.g. young people)d
1e. immobile rural citizens (e.g. rural shop owners, older homeowners)e
1f. nature lovers, environmentalists, future generationsf
1g. all citizens equally (average of urban plus rural)g
1h. otherh
leastmixedmost signif problem
2What are our rural development problems?123459
2a. poverty among rural farmersa
2b. poverty among the rural non-farm populationb
2c. rural depopulation or rural-to-urban migration (circle which)c
2d. rural under- and un-employmentd
2e. vacant rural commercial and/or industrial property (circle which)e
2f. absentee landlords or rural gentrification (circle which)f
2g. idle farm landg
2h. higher rural cost-of-livingh
2i. time-consuming or costly rural-urban commutei
2j. sub-standard rural housing, infrastructure, or public servicesj
2k. rural social problems (troubled youth, crime, drugs, racism) too highk
2l. unacceptably skewed rural income distributionl
2m. rural cyclical busts/booms too strongm
2n. rural environmental degradation (water pollution, erosion, species loss)n
2o. dis-enfranchisement of local citizens, or low political representationo
p. monocrop externalitiesp
q. land stewards not rewarded by mktq
r. otherr
lowest priorityhighestunable to rank
3What are the objectives?123459
3a. full employment of rural labora
3b. full occupancy of rural farm, commercial, industrial and/or residential landb
3c. high quality rural community lifec
3d. equal rural and urban incomesd
3e. equal rural and urban population growth ratese
3f. equal rural and urban political powerf
3g. rural social equity (within rural and between rural/urban)g
3h. beautiful rural landscapeh
3i. high quality rural environment and biodiversityi
3j. preserved traditional rural occupationsj
counterproductivewastemixedfaireffectiveunable to rank
4Effective Strategies?123459
4a. support farm prices or incomesa
4b. invest in rural human capital (education)b
4c. develop local citizenship/leadershipc
4d. subsidize rural social servicesd
4e. upgrade rural municipal infrastructure (e.g. utilities)e
4f. public facility decentralization (e.g. universities, hospitals, prisons)f
4g. subsidize rural telecommunications infrastructureg
4h. subsidize human or commercial transportationh
4i. area use designations, zoning, parksi
4j. incentives (tax reduction or subsidy) for rural manufacturingj
4k. incentives for rural non-basic activities (e.g. cafs, retail shops)k
4l. incentives for tourism developmentl
4m. incentives to prevent rural out-migrationm
4n. incentives for urban residents to move to rural communitiesn
4o. subsidize rural housingo
4p. regulate against absentee ownership of rural propertyp
4q. regulate to preserve rural environmental qualityq
4r. reforestation or other rural environmental amelioration projectsr
4s. certified labeling of the geographic origin of productss
4t. rural product export promotiont
4u. protectionism against importsu
4v. nation-wide (binding) minimum wagev
4w. common currency (Euro)w
worstbestunable to rank
5Criteria for budgetary allocations across locations and/or groups?123459
5a. historical sharesa
5b. land area sharesb
5c. GDP sharesc
5d. populationd
5e. means tested (i.e. according to need)e
5f. outcomes based (i.e. highest payoff)f
5g. magnitude of local match or self-helpg
5h. case-by-case basish
no abilitypoormixedgoodexcellentunable to rank
6iWho is best at diagnosing123459
6ia. rural citizensa
6ib. local elected officials (e.g. town magistrates, provincial governors)b
6ic. local development organizationsc
6id. regional or national development agenciesd
6ie. national government administrations or bureaucratse
6if. European Community project personnelf
6ig. universities and their facultyg
6ih. city and/or regional plannersh
6ii. business-agency partnershipsi
6ij. private consultantsj
6ik. charitable entities (e.g. churches and clergy; philanthropic organizations)k
6il. civic and volunteer organizations (e.g. Chamber of Commerce)l
no abilitypoormixedgoodexcellentunable to rank
6iiWho is best at delivering solutions?123459
6iia. rural citizensa
6iib. local elected officials (e.g. town magistrates, provincial governors)b
6iic. local development organizationsc
6iid. regional or national development agenciesd
6iie. national government administrations or bureaucratse
6iif. European Community project personnelf
6iig. universities and their facultyg
6iih. city and/or regional plannersh
6iii. business-agency partnershipsi
6iij. private consultantsj
6iik. charitable entities (e.g. churches and clergy; philanthropic organizations)k
6iil. civic and volunteer organizations (e.g. Chamber of Commerce)l
wrongwastemixedinformativevery usefulunable to rank
7information sources
7a. popular press (e.g. newspapers, television)a
7b. world wide webb
7c. newsletters from farmer organizationsc
7d.publications by local/regional development agencies and institutesd
7e. nonacademic literature by European specialists or practitionerse
7f. scholarly research (journal articles and books by academics)f
7g. national agricultural research institutes (USDA, INRA, etc)g
7h. Eurostath
7i. OECDi
7j. EUj
-
USAs Priority: rural poor and non-farm enterpriseover farmers, consumers, or environmentalists
Chart2
0.750.40625
0.60714285710.375
0.42857142860.53125
0.42857142860.4375
0.35714285710.34375
0.250.25
0.10714285710.1875
USA
EU
% respondents ranking group most or second most important
1. Who
Who should benefit most?share of sumsum shares
survey numbercount >= maxmaxa. farmersb. rural poorc. rural non-farm business or industryd. mobile rural citizens (e.g. young people)e. immobile rural citizens (e.g. rural shop owners, older homeowners)f. nature lovers, environmentalists, future generationsg. all citizens equally (average of urban plus rural)suma. farmersb. rural poorc. rural non-farm business or industryd. mobile rural citizens (e.g. young people)e. immobile rural citizens (e.g. rural shop owners, older homeowners)f. nature lovers, environmentalists, future generationsg. all citizens equally (average of urban plus rural)
abcdefgabcdefg
13545525122417%21%21%8%21%4%8%
21545133201822%28%6%17%17%11%0%
3252545312229%23%18%23%14%5%9%
42532141552114%10%5%19%5%24%24%
52424423221911%21%21%11%16%11%11%
61543434352615%12%15%12%15%12%19%
71534433352512%16%16%12%12%12%20%
81545334202119%24%14%14%19%10%0%
92531421552114%5%19%10%5%24%24%
101534423352413%17%17%8%13%13%21%
111543205011527%20%13%0%33%0%7%
121533333352313%13%13%13%13%13%22%
132545500041822%28%28%0%0%0%22%
142545544222615%19%19%15%15%8%8%
151544435132417%17%17%13%21%4%13%
161535334312214%23%14%14%18%14%5%
172554533332619%15%19%12%12%12%12%
181554333332421%17%13%13%13%13%13%
194535555232811%18%18%18%18%7%11%
201534323152114%19%14%10%14%5%24%
211535333232214%23%14%14%14%9%14%
221553422211926%16%21%11%11%11%5%
233545554433013%17%17%17%13%13%10%
241535444212313%22%17%17%17%9%4%
25151354322205%15%25%20%15%10%10%
262525325312110%24%14%10%24%14%5%
271534433252413%17%17%13%13%8%21%
281534335342512%16%12%12%20%12%16%
2900
3000
3100
3200
sum9411410381946581
sum/non93.44.13.73.13.52.53.1
stdev0.951.051.121.231.281.221.69stdev0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%
avg3.364.073.682.893.362.322.891.33farmersrural poornon-farm enterprisesmobile citizensimmobileenvironmentalistsall citizens
5 top priority3127362811%43%25%11%21%7%29%
49910461232%32%36%14%21%4%7%
3125812129643%18%29%43%43%32%21%
23117110511%4%4%25%4%36%18%
111202454%4%7%0%7%14%18%
unable to rank00021220%0%0%7%4%7%7%
sum28282828282828sorted:
rural poorall citizensnon-farm enterprisesimmobilefarmersmobile citizensenvironmentalists
percent ranking >=45 top priority43%29%25%21%11%11%7%
farmersrural poornon-farm enterprisesmobile citizensimmobileenvironmentalistsall citizens432%7%36%21%32%14%4%
USA43%75%61%25%43%11%36%318%21%29%43%43%43%32%
EU53%41%38%25%44%19%34%24%18%4%4%11%25%36%
sorted1 lowest priority4%18%7%7%4%14%
rural poornon-farm enterprisesfarmersimmobile citizensall citizens equallymobile rural citizensenvironmental interestsunable to rank7%4%7%7%
USA75%61%43%43%36%25%11%
EU41%38%53%44%34%25%19%
rural poornon-farm enterprisesimmobile citizensfarmersall citizensmobile citizensenvironmentalists
average*4.13.73.53.43.13.12.5
SD1.11.11.31.01.71.21.2
2SD2.12.22.61.93.42.52.4
rural poornon-farm enterprisesimmobilefarmersall citizensmobile citizensenvironmentalists
+2SD6.25.96.05.36.55.64.9
-2SD2.01.40.91.5-0.30.70.1
average4.13.73.53.43.13.12.5
EAEA results:rural poornon-farm enterprisesimmobile citizensfarmersall citizens equallymobile citizensenvironmentalists
EAAE3.55555555563.46153846153.37037037043.65384615383.30434782612.882.7727272727
farmersrural poornon-farm enterprisesmobile citizensimmobileenvironmentalistsall citizens
CENET&NE1629411410381946581
EAAE95969072916176
1. Who
000000
000000
000000
000000
000000
000000
000000
5 top priority
4
3
2
1 lowest priority
unable to rank
Priority in Rural Development CENET & NE-162 responses August, 2001
regional problems
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
+2SD
-2SD
average
increasing rank
Priority in Rural Development
2. Problem
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
EAAE
CENET&NE162
Priority Group
4. strategies
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
USA
EU
Priority Group In Rural Development% ranked 4 or 5
3.Objectives
2. What are the problems?
survey numbera. poverty among rural farmersb. poverty among the rural non-farm populationc. rural depopulation or rural-to-urban migration (circle which)d. rural under- and un-employmente. vacant rural commercial and/or industrial property (circle which)f. absentee landlords or rural gentrification (circle which)g. idle farm landh. higher rural cost-of-livingi. time-consuming or costly rural-urban commutej. sub-standard rural housing, infrastructure, or public servicesk. rural social problems (troubled youth, crime, drugs, racism) too highl. unacceptably skewed rural income distributionm. rural cyclical busts/booms too strongn. rural environmental degradation (water pollution, erosion, species loss)o. dis-enfranchisement of local citizens, or low political representationp. monocrop externalitiesq. land stewards not rewarded by mktregion
abcdefghijklmnopqsurvey#region
6001232111312354331Rhode Island, USA12
9343515153134354151New Jersey23
11131330133533350101Pennsylvania33
12333333333444343331Idaho42
14455500143444044111NoEast52
18422222313434244251NewHampshire61
21342311114324331111USA74
22221335312434313141NewHampshire82
26153422112333442321Pennsylvania91
1123411111411131122Indiana104
4335443123212321242NoCentral USA111
5135354111543352222Kansas121
8343331121533243142Missouri133
23554432223433353322Iowa141
25353532215444234242Illinois153
27441223223445333142Wisconsin163
28115351124431141452Iowa174
2351531015533313103southern USA181
3354403125545215133SoCentral USA193
13555553313535033103Virginia204
15235131113523314123MidAtlantic211
16341515132543242443Arkansas221
19342432223533243143Tennessee232
7343523132434335424Colorado244
10153323333553553154Wyoming252
17355535131555355554Idaho261
20334542121324425344Utah272
24453432122433333134Oregon282
2929
3030
3131
3232
4-5 priority/total non-9
housing or infrastructurestewardship not rewardednon-farm povertysocial problemsunemploymentenvironmentvacant propertyrural depopulationfarm povertycommuteincome distributionabsentees or gentrificationdis-enfranchisementmonocrop externalitiesidle farm landhigh cost-of-livingbiz cycles
NoEast56%33%44%11%33%78%0%22%22%11%67%22%44%0%0%22%11%9
Midwest88%63%50%50%50%50%38%38%25%25%25%13%13%13%0%0%0%8
South100%33%83%50%83%33%17%33%17%33%33%17%33%17%0%0%0%6
West80%60%80%40%80%40%20%40%20%0%60%20%60%40%0%0%40%5
28
abcdefghijklmnopq
farm povertynon-farm povertysocial problemsunemploymentvacant propertyabsentees or gentrificationidle farm landhigh cost-of-livingcommutehousing or infrastructurerural depopulationincome distributionbustsenvironmentdis-enfranchisementmonocrop externalitiesstewardshipnot rewarded
NoEast22%44%11%33%0%22%0%22%11%56%22%67%11%78%44%0%33%9
Midwest25%50%50%50%38%13%0%0%25%88%38%25%0%50%13%13%63%8
South17%83%50%83%17%17%0%0%33%100%33%33%0%33%33%17%33%6
West20%80%40%80%20%20%0%0%0%80%40%60%40%40%60%40%60%5
3.Objectives
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
NoEast
South
West
Midwest
Regional Rural Development Problems% of respondents indicating 4-5
raw data
2. What are the problems?
survey numbera. poverty among rural farmersb. poverty among the rural non-farm populationc. rural depopulation or rural-to-urban migration (circle which)d. rural under- and un-employmente. vacant rural commercial and/or industrial property (circle which)f. absentee landlords or rural gentrification (circle which)g. idle farm landh. higher rural cost-of-livingi. time-consuming or costly rural-urban commutej. sub-standard rural housing, infrastructure, or public servicesk. rural social problems (troubled youth, crime, drugs, racism) too highl. unacceptably skewed rural income distributionm. rural cyclical busts/booms too strongn. rural environmental degradation (water pollution, erosion, species loss)o. dis-enfranchisement of local citizens, or low political representationp. monocrop externalitiesq. land stewards not rewarded by mktregionagehighest degtitlepolicyenvirmktgintlfarm mngmtrural devother
abcdefghijklmnopq
112341111141113112Indiana
235153101553331310southern USA
335440312554521513SoCentral USA
433544312321232124NoCentral USA
513535411154335222Kansas
600123211131235433Rhode Island, USA
734352313243433542Colorado
834333112153324314Missouri
934351515313435415New Jersey
1015332333355355315Wyoming
1113133013353335010Pennsylvania
1233333333344434333Idaho
1355555331353503310Virginia
1445550014344404411NoEast
1523513111352331412MidAtlantic
1634151513254324244Arkansas
1735553513155535555Idaho
1842222231343424425NewHampshire
1934243222353324314Tennessee
2033454212132442534Utah
2134231111432433111USA
2222133531243431314NewHampshire
2355443222343335332Iowa
2445343212243333313Oregon
2535353221544423424Illinois
2615342211233344232Pennsylvania
2744122322344533314Wisconsin
2811535112443114145Iowa
29
30
31
32
sum7510386104736741567511486957296845583
sum/non92.83.83.13.72.82.61.52.02.74.13.13.42.83.43.12.03.3
stdev1.281.361.461.151.341.450.841.051.221.021.051.071.101.351.361.231.60stdev
avg2.683.683.073.712.612.391.462.002.684.073.073.392.573.433.001.962.961.39
5 top priority2107934013112417415
4473721012117928638
3136981275612413111571054
223335849513262346
161614618116132244152
unable to rank11002210000020103
sum2828282828282828282828282828282828
jbdnlqokceamifhpg
j. sub-standard rural housing, infrastructure, or public servicesb. poverty among the rural non-farm populationd. rural under- and un-employmentn. rural environmental degradation (water pollution, erosion, species loss)l. unacceptably skewed rural income distributionq. land stewards not rewarded by mkto. dis-enfranchisement of local citizens, or low political representationk. rural social problems (troubled youth, crime, drugs, racism) too highc. rural depopulation or rural-to-urban migration (circle which)e. vacant rural commercial and/or industrial property (circle which)a. poverty among rural farmersm. rural cyclical busts/booms too strongi. time-consuming or costly rural-urban commutef. absentee landlords or rural gentrification (circle which)h. higher rural cost-of-livingp. monocrop externalitiesg. idle farm land
avg*4.07142857143.81481481483.71428571433.42857142863.39285714293.323.11111111113.07142857143.07142857142.80769230772.77777777782.76923076922.67857142862.576923076921.96428571431.5185185185
SD1.01574900041.36228488421.15010926561.34518541831.0659471781.59819673511.36082763491.05157981431.46385010941.34272486121.27812279681.10314605421.21879027541.44886381321.05409255341.2317450090.8380817098
housing or infrastructurenon-farm povertyunemploymentenvironmentincome distributionstewardshipnot rewardeddis-enfranchisementsocial problemsrural depopulationvacant propertyfarm povertybustscommuteabsentees or gentrificationhigh cost-of-livingmonocrop externalitiesidle farm land
+2SD6.10292657226.53938458336.01450424546.11894226515.52475149886.51639347035.83276638095.17458825.99912879035.49314203015.33402337134.97552287775.11615197945.47465070334.10818510684.42777573233.1946819382
-2SD2.03993057071.09024504631.41406718310.7382005921.26096278690.12360652970.38945584140.96826894290.14372835260.12224258530.22153218430.56293866080.2409908777-0.3208045495-0.1081851068-0.4992043037-0.1576449012
US ave4.07142857143.81481481483.71428571433.42857142863.39285714293.323.11111111113.07142857143.07142857142.80769230772.77777777782.76923076922.67857142862.576923076921.96428571431.5185185185
jbdnlqockeamifhpg
US ave4.07142857143.81481481483.71428571433.42857142863.39285714293.323.11111111113.07142857143.07142857142.80769230772.77777777782.76923076922.67857142862.576923076921.96428571431.5185185185
EU ave2.96551724142.43333333333.36666666673.32258064522.33333333333.714285714332.81481481481.9629629632.42857142862.522.55172413792.03846153851.777777777832.8518518519
housing or infrastructurenon-farm povertyunemploymentenvironmentincome distributionstewardship not rewardeddis-enfranchisementsocial problemsrural depopulationvacant propertyfarm povertybustscommuteabsentees or gentrificationhigh cost-of-livingmonocrop externalitiesidle farm land
US4.07142857143.81481481483.71428571433.42857142863.39285714293.323.11111111113.07142857143.07142857142.80769230772.77777777782.76923076922.67857142862.576923076921.96428571431.5185185185
EU2.96551724142.43333333333.36666666673.32258064522.33333333333.714285714332.81481481481.9629629632.42857142862.522.55172413792.03846153851.777777777832.8518518519
stewardship not rewardedunemploymentenvironmentdis-enfranchisementmonocrop externalitieshousing or infrastructureidle farm landsocial problemscommutefarm povertynon-farm povertyvacant propertyincome distributionabsentees or gentrificationbustsrural depopulationhigh cost-of-living
US3.323.71428571433.42857142863.11111111111.96428571434.07142857141.51851851853.07142857142.67857142862.77777777783.81481481482.80769230773.39285714292.57692307692.76923076923.07142857142
EU3.71428571433.36666666673.3225806452332.96551724142.85185185192.81481481482.55172413792.52.43333333332.42857142862.33333333332.038461538521.9629629631.7777777778
raw data
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
+2SD
-2SD
US ave
EU ave
rank
What are the Problems?
survey summary
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
US
EU
Rural development problems
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
US
EU
Rural development problems
survey numberregionWhat are the objectives?a. full employment of rural laborb. full occupancy of rural farm, commercial, industrial and/or residential landc. high quality rural community lifed. equal rural and urban incomese. equal rural and urban population growth ratesf. equal rural and urban political powerg. rural social equity (within rural and between rural/urban)h. beautiful rural landscapei. high quality rural environment and biodiversityj. preserved traditional rural occupationsEffective Strategies?
abcdefghij
quality of Life >= 4sortedcbgrdeqtfjovhislmakpuwn
leadership developmenthuman capital investmenttelecommunicationsenvironmental ameliorationupgrade infrastructuresubsidize rural social servicesregulate environmental qualitypromote exportsdecentralizesubsidize housingmanufacturing incentivessubsidize transportationzoning, parksgeo-labelingminimum wagefarm supporttourism incentivesprevent out-migrationsubsidize non-basicpromote in-migrationregulate against absenteeprotectionismcommon currencyfarm supporthuman capital investmentleadership developmentsubsidize rural social servicesupgrade infrastructuredecentralizetelecommunicationssubsidize transportationzoning, parksmanufacturing incentivessubsidize non-basictourism incentivesprevent out-migrationpromote in-migrationsubsidize housingregulate against absenteeregulate environmental qualityenvironmental ameliorationgeo-labelingpromote exportsprotectionismminimum wagecommon currencyleadership developmenthuman capital investmenttelecommunicationsenvironmental ameliorationsubsidize rural social servicesupgrade infrastructureregulate environmental qualitypromote exportsdecentralizemanufacturing incentivessubsidize housingminimum wagesubsidize transportationzoning, parksgeo-labelingtourism incentivesprevent out-migrationfarm supportsubsidize non-basicregulate against absenteeprotectionismcommon currencypromote in-migration
cbgredqtfojhisvalmknpuwabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwquality of life92%84%80%76%64%68%60%48%44%32%36%20%24%24%20%16%16%16%12%4%4%4%8%
6Rhode Island, USA1245323345344354343212324332221322quality of life16%84%92%64%68%44%80%24%24%32%12%16%16%8%36%4%60%76%20%48%4%20%4%full employment87%87%74%70%61%57%57%48%43%35%30%26%30%17%17%17%13%9%4%4%4%0%0%
9New Jersey1515113344355544435422229333919939full employment9%87%87%61%57%43%74%30%17%35%4%17%13%0%30%4%57%70%17%48%4%26%0%environment94%88%76%71%53%53%59%47%53%35%35%35%24%29%29%18%18%12%6%6%6%6%0%
14NoEast1535434435155494499344321333432911environment12%88%94%53%53%53%76%24%29%35%6%18%18%0%35%6%59%71%29%47%6%35%6%average91%86%77%72%59%59%58%48%47%34%34%27%26%24%22%17%16%12%7%5%5%3%3%
18NewHampshire1235433455455544343432344143232232average12%86%91%59%59%47%77%26%24%34%7%17%16%3%34%5%58%72%22%48%5%27%3%
5Kansas2535329335155343444331152412111119
8Missouri2315133424245425444443332113321114
23Iowa2435322343335344454342333933122333
25Illinois2545222243355344434233433213322229
27Wisconsin2435224533255344343421322322222219
28Iowa2335315533243444452434342133345111
3SoCentral USA3435329423143433233231333123311119
15MidAtlantic3315225322255433414353423143545313
16Arkansas3525312535155544344143443413232119
19Tennessee3535222344244444443434443324443333
10Wyoming4435333455555454353334343414432113
17Idaho4515333535153553535535533311331551
20Utah4445214321245424314333323113332222
11Pennsylvania1514319933145444444433333344232119
22NewHampshire1534323244445443324423124122131311
26Pennsylvania1424222535155443452341232412222329
1Indiana2524311323455444452244332123222119
4NoCentral USA2534433244335443433433333144223212
13Virginia3524424344352445441344331413222219
7Colorado4544212434245432235344134132322111
24Oregon4534113333145544542431534921211129
92%84%80%76%68%64%60%48%44%36%32%24%24%20%20%16%16%16%12%8%4%4%4%
full employment >=4
Effective Strategies?human capital investmentleadership developmenttelecommunicationsenvironmental ameliorationsubsidize rural social servicesupgrade infrastructureregulate environmental qualitypromote exportsdecentralizemanufacturing incentivessubsidize transportationsubsidize housingminimum wagezoning, parkstourism incentivesgeo-labelingprevent out-migrationfarm supportsubsidize non-basicregulate against absenteeprotectionismpromote in-migrationcommon currency
bcgrdeqtfjhovilsmakpunw
9New Jersey1515113344355544435422232399319399
11Pennsylvania1514319933154444444433333432431129
12Idaho1533533435344333343434343333333239
14NoEast1535434435155494499343432314339121
21USA1513211234354322314421212241121122
22NewHampshire1534323244454443324431212241233111
1Indiana2524311323455444452243413322221129
4NoCentral USA2534433244353444333433313432422132
5Kansas2535329335155344344311345221111119
25Illinois2545222243355344434234323333122229
2southern USA3513222312153434343345393323332139
13Virginia3524424344325444541343443312122129
16Arkansas3525312535155543444134444332131129
19Tennessee3535222344244444443444334434243333
7Colorado4544212434254432235341413243321121
17Idaho4515333535135555335555333133135511
24Oregon4534113333154545442415393142211219
26Pennsylvania1424222535155444352312443222123229
23Iowa2435322343353344454323493331323323
27Wisconsin2435224533255343443413232222222129
3SoCentral USA3435329423134432333213313333211119
10Wyoming4435333455555453453343344434131123
20Utah4445214321254423414333312333132222
87%87%74%70%61%57%57%48%43%35%30%30%26%17%17%17%13%9%4%4%4%0%0%
environment >=4
leadership developmenthuman capital investmenttelecommunicationsenvironmental ameliorationregulate environmental qualitysubsidize rural social servicesupgrade infrastructuredecentralizepromote exportsmanufacturing incentivessubsidize housingminimum wagezoning, parksgeo-labelingsubsidize transportationtourism incentivesprevent out-migrationfarm supportsubsidize non-basicregulate against absenteeprotectionismcommon currencypromote in-migration
cbgrqdeftjovishlmakpuwn
6Rhode Island, USA1245323345344354342321324322323221
12Idaho1533533435344334334333433433333293
14NoEast1535434435155499443944321334339112
18NewHampshire1235433455455544344323144332432322
26Pennsylvania1424222535155445433214432222123292
5Kansas2535329335155344433413452121111191
16Arkansas3525312535155544341434443432131192
10Wyoming4435333455555455343343443344131132
17Idaho4515333535153553535553333513135511
9New Jersey1515113344355543444522329239319399
21USA1513211234345321234422124121121122
22NewHampshire1534323244445442334432124121233111
4NoCentral USA2534433244335443434333133342422123
8Missouri2315133424245424454434132333121141
13Virginia3524424344352444453144431332122192
19Tennessee3535222344244444444343343444243333
7Colorado4544212434245433223544134123321112
94%88%76%71%59%53%53%53%47%35%35%35%29%29%24%18%18%12%6%6%6%6%0%
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
environment
quality of life
full employment
Strategies (USA)by objective, % ranked >=4
survey numberregionWhat are the objectives?a. full employment of rural laborb. full occupancy of rural farm, commercial, industrial and/or residential landc. high quality rural community lifed. equal rural and urban incomese. equal rural and urban population growth ratesf. equal rural and urban political powerg. rural social equity (within rural and between rural/urban)h. beautiful rural landscapei. high quality rural environment and biodiversityj. preserved traditional rural occupationsEffective Strategies?a. support farm prices or incomesb. invest in rural human capital (education)c. develop local citizenship/leadershipd. subsidize rural social servicese. upgrade rural municipal infrastructure (e.g. utilities)f. public facility decentralization (e.g. universities, hospitals, prisons)g. subsidize rural telecommunications infrastructureh. subsidize human or commercial transportationi. area use designations, zoning, parksj. incentives (tax reduction or subsidy) for rural manufacturingk. for rural non-basicl. incentives for tourism developmentm. prevent out-migrationn. promote in-migrationo. subsidize rural housingp. regulate against absentee ownership of rural propertyq. regulate to preserve rural environmental qualityr. rural environmental ameliorations. certified labeling of the geographic origin of productst. rural product export promotionu. protectionismv. nation-wide (binding) minimum wagew. common currency (Euro)
abcdefghijabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvw
6Rhode Island, USA1245323345334434233222221134543232
9New Jersey1515113344335544452221399293495339
11Pennsylvania1514319933145444443333422314434139
12Idaho1533533435334433434333333334333249
14NoEast1535434435135544343243342499919131
18NewHampshire1235433455445534453423322324443312
21USA1513211234315423431222212211244112
22NewHampshire1534323244425433441233211232444111
26Pennsylvania1424222535115543342312222435422249
1Indiana2524311323425544243342322415422119
4NoCentral USA2534433244345343443332423323433112
5Kansas2535329335115543331511211314424149
8Missouri2315133424215445443332331414224114
23Iowa2435322343335344333322312435434393
25Illinois2545222243315544234332332323434229
27Wisconsin2435224533225534433212222224423139
28Iowa2335315533233444443444335315422111
2southern USA3513222312135343345343333324323199
3SoCentral USA3435329423123423243311331313333119
13Virginia3524424344312545343342322424411149
15MidAtlantic3315225322245543344234355531334113
16Arkansas3525312535115534154433322414434149
19Tennessee3535222344224444444444443334433333
7Colorado4544212434235422341342232413345111
10Wyoming4435333455515534343443442315533143
17Idaho4515333535113553555353131353535531
20Utah4445214321215434343233332321234212
24Oregon4534113333125454455311121314442299
29
30
31
32
4-5 priority/totalabcdefghij
full employmentfull occupancyquality of lifeincome equalityequal population growthequal political powersocial equitybeautiful landscapeenvironment and biodiversitypreserved traditions
9NoEast78%11%78%33%0%11%44%44%89%22%
8Midwest75%13%100%13%0%25%38%38%38%13%
6South67%0%67%17%0%33%33%33%50%0%
5West100%40%100%0%0%20%60%20%60%20%
28USA82%14%89%18%0%21%43%36%61%14%
32EU53%22%59%22%13%28%50%47%63%28%
sortedquality of lifefull employmentenvironment and biodiversitysocial equitybeautiful landscapeequal political powerincome equalityfull occupancypreserved traditionsequal population growth
9NoEast78%78%89%44%44%11%33%11%22%0%
8Midwest100%75%38%38%38%25%13%13%13%0%
6South67%67%50%33%33%33%17%0%0%0%
5West100%100%60%60%20%20%0%40%20%0%
28USA89%82%61%43%36%21%18%14%14%0%
32EU59%53%63%50%47%28%22%22%28%13%
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
NoEast
Midwest
South
West
USA
Rural Development Objectives% ranked 4 or 5
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
USA
EU
Rural Development Objectives% ranked 4 or 5
111111112222222222222222333333333334444444444444444444444445555555556i6i6i6i6i6i6i6i6i6i6i6i6ii6ii6ii6ii6ii6ii6ii6ii6ii6ii6ii6ii77777777777
survey numberWho should benefit most?a. farmersb. rural poorc. rural non-farm business or industryd. mobile rural citizens (e.g. young people)e. immobile rural citizens (e.g. rural shop owners, older homeowners)f. nature lovers, environmentalists, future generationsg. all citizens equally (average of urban plus rural)What are our rural development problems?a. poverty among rural farmersb. poverty among the rural non-farm populationc. rural depopulation or rural-to-urban migration (circle which)d. rural under- and un-employmente. vacant rural commercial and/or industrial property (circle which)f. absentee landlords or rural gentrification (circle which)g. idle farm landh. higher rural cost-of-livingi. time-consuming or costly rural-urban commutej. sub-standard rural housing, infrastructure, or public servicesk. rural social problems (troubled youth, crime, drugs, racism) too highl. unacceptably skewed rural income distributionm. rural cyclical busts/booms too strongn. rural environmental degradation (water pollution, erosion, species loss)o. dis-enfranchisement of local citizens, or low political representationp. monocrop externalitiesq. land stewards not rewarded by mktWhat are the objectives?a. full employment of rural laborb. full occupancy of rural farm, commercial, industrial and/or residential landc. high quality rural community lifed. equal rural and urban incomese. equal rural and urban population growth ratesf. equal rural and urban political powerg. rural social equity (within rural and between rural/urban)h. beautiful rural landscapei. high quality rural environment and biodiversityj. preserved traditional rural occupationsEffective Strategies?a. support farm prices or incomesb. invest in rural human capital (education)c. develop local citizenship/leadershipd. subsidize rural social servicese. upgrade rural municipal infrastructure (e.g. utilities)f. public facility decentralization (e.g. universities, hospitals, prisons)g. subsidize rural telecommunications infrastructureh. subsidize human or commercial transportationi. area use designations, zoning, parksj. incentives (tax reduction or subsidy) for rural manufacturingk. for rural non-basicl. incentives for tourism developmentm. prevent out-migrationn. promote in-migrationo. subsidize rural housingp. regulate against absentee ownership of rural propertyq. regulate to preserve rural environmental qualityr. rural environmental ameliorations. certified labeling of the geographic origin of productst. rural product export promotionu. protectionismv. nation-wide (binding) minimum wagew. common currency (Euro)Criteria for budgetary allocations across locations and/or groups?a. historical sharesb. land area sharesc. GDP sharesd. populatione. means tested (i.e. according to need)f. outcomes based (i.e. highest payoff)g. magnitude of local match or self-helph. case-by-case basisWho is best at diagnosinga. rural citizensb. local elected officials (e.g. town magistrates, provincial governors)c. local development organizationsd. regional or national development agenciese. national government administrations or bureaucratsg. universities and their facultyh. city and/or regional plannersi. business-agency partnershipsj. private consultantsk. charitable entities (e.g. churches and clergy; philanthropic organizations)l. civic and volunteer organizations (e.g. Chamber of Commerce)Who is best at delivering solutions?a. rural citizensb. local elected officials (e.g. town magistrates, provincial governors)c. local development organizationsd. regional or national development agenciese. national government administrations or bureaucratsg. universities and their facultyh. city and/or regional plannersi. business-agency partnershipsj. private consultantsk. charitable entities (e.g. churches and clergy; philanthropic organizations)l. civic and volunteer organizations (e.g. Chamber of Commerce)information sourcesa. popular press (e.g. newspapers, television)b. world wide webc. newsletters from farmer organizationsd.publications by local/regional development agencies and institutese. nonacademic literature by specialists or practitionersf. scholarly research (journal articles and books by academics)g. national agricultural research institutes (USDA, INRA, etc)h.CENSUSi. OECDj. EUnationalityagehighest degtitlepolicyenvirmktgintlfarm mngmtrural devother
regionabcdefgabcdefghijklmnopqabcdefghijabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwabcdefghabcdeghijklabcdeghijklabcdefghij
1Indiana24552512123411111411131125243113234255442433423224154221191115542454333333333333222332333319333599Indiana51321
2southern USA345133293515311`15533313195132223121353433453433333243231993113553334333443343333334433434434444444southern USA543211
3SoCentral USA32545312354493125545215134353294231234232433113313133331199112531333454544434222313232233434449999SoCentral USA333211
4NoCentral USA23214155335443123212321245344332443453434433324233234331122212444333433334434444334444443333444499NoCentral USA5532111
5Kansas22442322135354111543352225353293351155433315112113144241491124553333344554333434333443345594444499Kansas45321
6Rhode Island, USA14343435991232111312354332453233453344342332222211345432322332434443433443324234343342234333433333Rhode Island, USA5432111
7Colorado43443335343523132434335425442124342354223413422324133451112431445111352534132112232244442435332499Colorado323211
8Missouri24533429343331121533243143151334242154454433323314142241142223453334343434322233324452224534545554Missouri513211
9New Jersey13142155343515153134354155151133443355444522213992934953391234553554321435435123451231422543355429New Jersey45321
10Wyoming43442335153323333553553154353334555155343434434423155331431431435444223442355312234423554313552522Wyoming46321
11Pennsylvania14329591131339133533359195143199331454444433334223144341393333333354332434333333323231333933555449Pennsylvania56321
12Idaho13333335333333333444343335335334353344334343333333343332492333443233333333333555444434334423344539Idaho53321
13Virginia34559994555553313535933195244243443125453433423224244111499334532133322433333223332132442313344549Virginia633211
14NoEast14554422455599143444944115354344351355443432433424999191319911594355523449934344434499344534544499NoEast38311111
15MidAtlantic34443513235131113523314123152253222455433442343555313341133133354333344444433333333433343334444333MidAtlantic593111
16Arkansas33533431341515132543242445253125351155341544333224144341491112345233444434233435113241441514423599Arkansas523211
17Idaho45453333355535131555355555153335351135535553531313535355311135555335332334254353322352344333442339Idaho613211
18NewHampshire15433333422222313434244252354334554455344534233223244433124433453543433333343334323332444344333533NewHampshire683211
19Tennessee33555523342432223533243145352223442244444444444433344333332123444433443544433223333343434534434499Tennessee483211
20Utah43432315334542121324425344452143212154343432333323212342122243554344322433332342332242322323344499Utah603211
21USA13533323342311114324331115132112343154234312222122112441121223552153331332113333325321133344542555USA662211
22NewHampshire15342221221335312434313145343232444254334412332112324441112243554353342543133423322341432534354443NewHampshire5532111
23Iowa24555443554432223433353324353223433353443333223124354343932223523344333443343443334443433534544522Iowa503211
24Oregon43544421453432122433333135341133331254544553111213144422993125432344344543432953343393323534345599Oregon58321
25Illinois21354322353532215444234245452222433155442343323323234342291134554332322322132233333342434433344399Illinois59321
26Pennsylvania12532531153422112333442324242225351155433423122224354222491113533542234532341322332243414312345499Pennsylvania35321
27Wisconsin23443325441223223445333144352245332255344332122222244231392122454353433444254434234442444314444599Wisconsin41321
28Iowa23433534115351124431141453353155332334444434443353154221112122455343433334445455332352354592244599Iowa47321
290
300
310
320
0
0
Ancona Survey summary tabulation form
lowest priorityhighestunable to rank
1Who should benefit most?123459
1a. farmersa
1b. rural poorb
1c. rural non-farm business or industryc
1d. mobile rural citizens (e.g. young people)d
1e. immobile rural citizens (e.g. rural shop owners, older homeowners)e
1f. nature lovers, environmentalists, future generationsf
1g. all citizens equally (average of urban plus rural)g
1h. otherh
leastmixedmost signif problem
2What are our rural development problems?123459
2a. poverty among rural farmersa
2b. poverty among the rural non-farm populationb
2c. rural depopulation or rural-to-urban migration (circle which)c
2d. rural under- and un-employmentd
2e. vacant rural commercial and/or industrial property (circle which)e
2f. absentee landlords or rural gentrification (circle which)f
2g. idle farm landg
2h. higher rural cost-of-livingh
2i. time-consuming or costly rural-urban commutei
2j. sub-standard rural housing, infrastructure, or public servicesj
2k. rural social problems (troubled youth, crime, drugs, racism) too highk
2l. unacceptably skewed rural income distributionl
2m. rural cyclical busts/booms too strongm
2n. rural environmental degradation (water pollution, erosion, species loss)n
2o. dis-enfranchisement of local citizens, or low political representationo
p. monocrop externalitiesp
q. land stewards not rewarded by mktq
r. otherr
lowest priorityhighestunable to rank
3What are the objectives?123459
3a. full employment of rural labora
3b. full occupancy of rural farm, commercial, industrial and/or residential landb
3c. high quality rural community lifec
3d. equal rural and urban incomesd
3e. equal rural and urban population growth ratese
3f. equal rural and urban political powerf
3g. rural social equity (within rural and between rural/urban)g
3h. beautiful rural landscapeh
3i. high quality rural environment and biodiversityi
3j. preserved traditional rural occupationsj
counterproductivewastemixedfaireffectiveunable to rank
4Effective Strategies?123459
4a. support farm prices or incomesa
4b. invest in rural human capital (education)b
4c. develop local citizenship/leadershipc
4d. subsidize rural social servicesd
4e. upgrade rural municipal infrastructure (e.g. utilities)e
4f. public facility decentralization (e.g. universities, hospitals, prisons)f
4g. subsidize rural telecommunications infrastructureg
4h. subsidize human or commercial transportationh
4i. area use designations, zoning, parksi
4j. incentives (tax reduction or subsidy) for rural manufacturingj
4k. incentives for rural non-basic activities (e.g. cafs, retail shops)k
4l. incentives for tourism developmentl
4m. incentives to prevent rural out-migrationm
4n. incentives for urban residents to move to rural communitiesn
4o. subsidize rural housingo
4p. regulate against absentee ownership of rural propertyp
4q. regulate to preserve rural environmental qualityq
4r. reforestation or other rural environmental amelioration projectsr
4s. certified labeling of the geographic origin of productss
4t. rural product export promotiont
4u. protectionism against importsu
4v. nation-wide (binding) minimum wagev
4w. common currency (Euro)w
worstbestunable to rank
5Criteria for budgetary allocations across locations and/or groups?123459
5a. historical sharesa
5b. land area sharesb
5c. GDP sharesc
5d. populationd
5e. means tested (i.e. according to need)e
5f. outcomes based (i.e. highest payoff)f
5g. magnitude of local match or self-helpg
5h. case-by-case basish
no abilitypoormixedgoodexcellentunable to rank
6iWho is best at diagnosing123459
6ia. rural citizensa
6ib. local elected officials (e.g. town magistrates, provincial governors)b
6ic. local development organizationsc
6id. regional or national development agenciesd
6ie. national government administrations or bureaucratse
6if. European Community project personnelf
6ig. universities and their facultyg
6ih. city and/or regional plannersh
6ii. business-agency partnershipsi
6ij. private consultantsj
6ik. charitable entities (e.g. churches and clergy; philanthropic organizations)k
6il. civic and volunteer organizations (e.g. Chamber of Commerce)l
no abilitypoormixedgoodexcellentunable to rank
6iiWho is best at delivering solutions?123459
6iia. rural citizensa
6iib. local elected officials (e.g. town magistrates, provincial governors)b
6iic. local development organizationsc
6iid. regional or national development agenciesd
6iie. national government administrations or bureaucratse
6iif. European Community project personnelf
6iig. universities and their facultyg
6iih. city and/or regional plannersh
6iii. business-agency partnershipsi
6iij. private consultantsj
6iik. charitable entities (e.g. churches and clergy; philanthropic organizations)k
6iil. civic and volunteer organizations (e.g. Chamber of Commerce)l
wrongwastemixedinformativevery usefulunable to rank
7information sources
7a. popular press (e.g. newspapers, television)a
7b. world wide webb
7c. newsletters from farmer organizationsc
7d.publications by local/regional development agencies and institutesd
7e. nonacademic literature by European specialists or practitionerse
7f. scholarly research (journal articles and books by academics)f
7g. national agricultural research institutes (USDA, INRA, etc)g
7h. Eurostath
7i. OECDi
7j. EUj
-
What we Do: only 13% of USDAs budget is directed to rural poor and rural enterprise:
Chart3
Rural Dev+FRARural Dev+FRA12552
Farm&ExportFarm&Export35124
FNS+FSFNS+FS37733
NatlResNatlRes5693
AMS&RegAMS&Reg1249
R,E&EconR,E&Econ2574
FY2002 USDA Budget
Food & Nutrition, Food Stamps40%
Farm&Exportsubsidies 37%
Research,Education & Economics
Environment
Mktg & Regulation
Rural Development13%
Sheet1
FY 2002 Budget Summary
USDA.gov
program levels:
actualbudget
FY2000FY2002
Rural Development
utilities service$4,149$4,954
housing service$4,601$5,759
business and coop service
loans$1,032$1,053
B&I guarantees$948$1,000
B&I direct loans$300note: drop to 0 by 2002
RED loans$15$15
other loans$39$38
grants$75$65
RB&E grants$34$41
RBOgrants+Coop+ATTRA+RED+nec$54$54$9$9
Rural Coop Dev$2$3
VA Ag Prod Market0.00.0note: was $10 in 2001
ATTRA$2$2
RED grants$40.0note: drop to 0 by 2002
Empwmnt Zones$17$15
n.e.c. loans and grants$(8)$(5)
other$5
salaries and expenses$529$596
community advancement program
emergency loans and grants
totalRural Development +FfRARural Dev+FRA$10,391$12,552
totalFund for Rural America$60$71
Farm and Foreign Ag
loans and grants$3,826$3,858
conservation$1,573$1,788
commodity programs+disaster+mktg$36,170$19,271
other$1,586$5
salaries and expenses$1,189$1,415
risk management$2,453$3,154
export support$3,281$4,544
PL 480, aid$1,905$1,089
totalFarm and Foreign AgFarm&Export$51,983$35,124
totalFood and Nutrition ServiceFNS+FS$34,331$37,733
totalFood Safety$751$817
totalNatural Resources&EnvironmentNatlRes$5,064$5,693
totalMarketing and RegulatoryAMS&Reg$1,068$1,249
totalResearch, Education, EconomicsR,E&Econ$2,145$2,574
Other$357$430
TOTALUSDA$105,399$94,871
Sheet1
FY 2000 Rural Development Program Levels
Sheet2
FY 2002 Budget: Rural Development
Sheet3
Rural Dev+FRARural Dev+FRA12552
Farm&ExportFarm&Export35124
FNS+FSFNS+FS37733
NatlResNatlRes5693
AMS&RegAMS&Reg1249
R,E&EconR,E&Econ2574
FY2002 USDA Budget
-
Federal Rural Development agency spending, however, matches priorities:
Chart1
utilities serviceutilities serviceutilities service4954
housing servicehousing servicehousing service5759
loansloansloans1053
grantsgrantsgrants65
salaries and expensessalaries and expensessalaries and expenses596
FY2002 Rural Development Program Budget
housing service46%
utilities service40%
Sheet1
FY 2002 Budget Summary
USDA.gov
program levels:
actualbudget
FY2000FY2002
Rural Development
utilities service$4,149$4,954
housing service$4,601$5,759
business and coop serviceloans$1,032$1,053
B&I guarantees$948$1,000
B&I direct loans$300note: drop to 0 by 2002
RED loans$15$15
other loans$39$38
grants$75$65
RB&E grants$34$41
RBOgrants+Coop+ATTRA+RED+nec$54$54$9$9
Rural Coop Dev$2$3
VA Ag Prod Market0.00.0note: was $10 in 2001
ATTRA$2$2
RED grants$40.0note: drop to 0 by 2002
Empwmnt Zones$17$15
n.e.c. loans and grants$(8)$(5)
other$5
salaries and expenses$529$596
community advancement program
emergency loans and grants
totalRural Development +FfRARural Dev+FRA$10,391$12,552
totalFund for Rural America$60$71
Farm and Foreign Ag
loans and grants$3,826$3,858
conservation$1,573$1,788
commodity programs+disaster+mktg$36,170$19,271
other$1,586$5
salaries and expenses$1,189$1,415
risk management$2,453$3,154
export support$3,281$4,544
PL 480, aid$1,905$1,089
totalFarm and Foreign AgFarm&Export$51,983$35,124$79,799
totalFood and Nutrition ServiceFNS+FS$34,331$37,73384%
totalFood Safety$751$817
totalNatural Resources&EnvironmentNatlRes$5,064$5,693
totalMarketing and RegulatoryAMS&Reg$1,068$1,249
totalResearch, Education, EconomicsR,E&Econ$2,145$2,574
Other$357$430
TOTALUSDA$105,399$94,871
Sheet1
FY 2000 Rural Development Program Levels
Sheet2
FY 2002 Budget: Rural Development
Sheet3
FY2002 USDA Budget
FY2002 Rural Development Program Budget
-
USDA-RD budget: mostly loan guarantees so that private lenders are willing to extend credit:
Chart2
B&I guaranteesB&I guaranteesB&I guarantees1000
RED loansRED loansRED loans15
other loansother loansother loans38
RB&E grantsRB&E grantsRB&E grants41
RBOgrants+Coop+ATTRA+RED+necRBOgrants+Coop+ATTRA+RED+necRBOgrants+Coop+ATTRA+RED+nec9
FY 2002 Budget: Rural Development
RBOgrants +Coop+ATTRAn.e.c.
B&I loanguarantees91%
Sheet1
FY 2002 Budget Summary
USDA.gov
program levels:
actualbudget
FY2000FY2002
Rural Development
utilities service$4,149$4,954
housing service$4,601$5,759
business and coop service
loans$1,032$1,053
B&I guarantees$948$1,000
B&I direct loans$300note: drop to 0 by 2002
RED loans$15$15
other loans$39$38
grants$75$65
RB&E grants$34$41
RBOgrants+Coop+ATTRA+RED+nec$54$54$9$9
Rural Coop Dev$2$3
VA Ag Prod Market0.00.0note: was $10 in 2001
ATTRA$2$2
RED grants$40.0note: drop to 0 by 2002
Empwmnt Zones$17$15