N e w s l e t t e r o f th e S o u t h e r n W i l l a m e t t e O r n i t h o l o g i c a l C l u b Volume 2, Number A

The next meeting of SWOC w i l l be Sunday, October 17, 1976 a t 7:30 PM a t the conference room on the t h i r d f l o o r of Science I I I , U n i v e r s i t y of Oregon campus, Eugene. I f you have ever dreamt of birdwatching i n T r i n i d a d , be sure t o attend t h i s meeting; Larry McQueen w i l l discuss h i s t r i p there t h i s summer. Also, there w i l l be a s l i d e r e p o r t of a t r i p t h i s summer t o Goat I s l a n d National W i l d l i f e Refuge near Brookings, Oregon and s l i d e s of the B a r - t a i l e d Godwit found r e c e n t l y a t Bandon by Tom Lund w i l l be shown. This promises t o be an e x c i t i n g meeting.

Comment i s made on the idea of a statewide o r n i t h o l o g i c a l o r g a n i z a t i o n

The t h i r d p r e l i m i n a r y copy of the s t a t e b i r d c h e c k - l i s t being prepared by SWOC i s presented

Dan Gleason discusses attacks by Ospreys on Bald Eagles

Chip Jobanek r e p o r t s on research on storm-petrels on the Oregon coast

A map d e t a i l s W r e n t i t d i s t r i b u t i o n i n Oregon

I n t h i s issue:

- V8-

BUSINESS 1977 dues are payable NOW. SWOC has $121.96 i n i t s checking account, w i t h

an a d d i t i o n a l $10 t o be deposited as the f i r s t , and only, 1977 dues received. Between 26 October and 3 December, please mail dues t o Dan Gleason, Biology Department, U n i v e r s i t y of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403. Before and a f t e r those dates, r e s p e c t i v e l y , dues may be mailed t o the SWOC address, (as a reminder, dues are $5.00.) • "•' .•• . • ....-/-/',./

The second annual A l f r e d Cooper Shelton Award, given t o support worthy o r n i t h o l o g i c a l p r o j e c t s i n Oregon, w i l l be presented i n l a t e s p r i n g or e a r l y summer, ,1977. . A p p l i c a t i o n s are welcomed now. • •-„-. .. • ... - ;

There has been a suggestion t h a t SWOC e s t a b l i s h and maintain a s l i d e f i l e of b i r d s . This would be a v a i l a b l e f o r use by SWOC members i n programs or demonstrations and t o or g a n i z a t i o n s such as l o c a l school d i s t r i c t s t o use f o r educational purposes. L e t us know your ideas on t h i s , and i f you have good s l i d e s , get them ready. ;, ..'

COMMENT On 1 May 1976, birdwatchers from around the s t a t e , meeting i n Eugene,

expressed i n t e r e s t i n e s t a b l i s h i n g a state-wide o r n i t h o l o g i c a l o r g a n i z a t i o n . I t was g e n e r a l l y recognized t h a t the purpose of such an o r g a n i z a t i o n would be to enhance communication between Oregon birdwatchers, t h i s to be accomplished through r e g u l a r l y scheduled meetings and through a r e g u l a r l y appearing p u b l i c a t i o n , such as a ne w s l e t t e r ; the o r g a n i z a t i o n would c o l l e c t dues to support these p r o j e c t s f i n a n c i a l l y . I n order t o develop f u l l y the o r g a n i z a t i o n a l ideas presented at t h i s meeting, a s t e e r i n g committee was formed.

As a member of t h a t s t e e r i n g committee, I have f r e q u e n t l y r e f l e c t e d on the necessity of a state-wide o r g a n i z a t i o n to the Oregon birdwatching community. As my ideas d i f f e r somewhat from the general a t t i t u d e I perceived a t the May meeting, l e t me b r i e f l y present them here f o r consideration.

The primary goal of the o r g a n i z a t i o n i s to enhance communication between birdwatchers. Do we r e a l l y need a f o r m a l l y - s t r u c t u r e d , d u e s - c o l l e c t i n g o r g a n i z a t i o n t o do that? I suggest instead t h a t we hold annual ( o r semi-annual, i f p r e f e r r e d ) conferences, where birdwatchers meet t o i n f o r m a l l y discuss what i s of i n t e r e s t t o them. Instead of a newsletter, I suggest t h a t proceedings of t h a t conference be p r i n t e d and mailed to p a r t i c i p a n t s ; p r i n t i n g costs could e a s i l y be covered by a small conference p a r t i c i p a t i o n fee. The cost per i n d i v i d u a l would c e r t a i n l y be less than dues and the problem t o a newsletter e d i t o r or committee of cons t a n t l y d i g g i n g f o r good mate r i a l to pu b l i s h would be avoided. These conferences could be coordinated by d i f f e r e n t organizations or i n d i v i d u a l s annually. Of course, each conference would be accompanied by a weekend of good birdwatching.

Space does not permit me to expand upon these ideas f u r t h e r or to mention other suggestions, but I hope t h a t what I have said w i l l s t i m u l a t e discussion of these ideas and r e c o n s i d e r a t i o n of ideas generated at the May meeting. As way of summary, l e t me say t h a t I have been unable, from the s t a r t , t o see the value of a f o r m a l l y - s t r u c t u r e d , d u e s - c o l l e c t i n g organization when a more simple, l o s s e l y -s t r u c t u r e d a l t e r n a t i v e w i l l do the same job as w e l l , i f not b e t t e r .

Chip Jobanek

- 5 0 -

CHECK-LIST On the f o l l o w i n g pages i s the t h i r d p r e l i m i n a r y copy of SWOC's Oregon

b i r d c h e c k - l i s t . This i s not a f i n a l copy - i t i s p r i n t e d here i n the hope t h a t any mistakes or in c o n s i s t e n c i e s may be corrected before the f i n a l p r i n t i n g . Of course, the f i n a l l i s t w i l l be i n much d i f f e r e n t form, w i t h typed symbols, the area symbols probably i n bold-face f o r ease of r e c o g n i t i o n and d i s t i n c t i o n from status and season symbols, and p r i n t e d on card-stock and f o l d e d so t h a t i t can be pocketed. "" "* * '

I e s p e c i a l l y d esire comments on'those species f o r which d e t a i l s are s p e c i f i c a l l y requested; many of those are s i n g l e person or p a r t y s i g h t i n g s which I have heard about second- or thi r d - h a n d . On the f i n a l copy of the c h e c k - l i s t , species f o r which I have no d e t a i l s of the record w i l l be l i s t e d w i t h an a s t e r i s k ( * ) , i n d i c a t i n g ''no d e t a i l s a v a i l a b l e to the compiler."

Please f i n d time t o review the l i s t and send your comments to me. I have two d i f f e r e n t addresses, t o be used a t d i f f e r e n t times. I f you mai l your comments before 1 November or a f t e r 3 December, send them t o :

Chip Jobanek 38713 McKenzie Highway S p r i n g f i e l d , OR 97477

I f you mail on or between 1 November or 3 December, send them t o :

Mr. George A. Jobanek BOQ c/o Commanding O f f i c e r U.S. Naval S t a t i o n , Midway A t o l l Box 1 FPO San Francisco, CA

96614

The reason f o r the d i f f e r e n t names i s t h a t while on Midway conducting an o r n i t h o l o g i c a l research p r o j e c t , my gracious hosts, the U.S. Navy, know me by my " r e a l " name.

Again, please f i n d time t o review the l i s t and respond. I look forward t o re c e i v i n g your comments.

Chip Jobanek

- 5 / -

KEY TO SYMBOLS

Areas

A l l species are expected i n a v a i l a b l e h a b i t a t throughout areas i n d i c a t e d ; statewide, i f n ot i n d i c a t e d .

W west ( a l l areasyWest of c r e s t of Cascades) E east ( a l l areas east'of c r e s t of Cascades, i n c l u d i n g Klamath area) P pelagic ;(open sea beyond a l l range of v i s i o n from shore t o 200 miles from

- shore) -' ; 7 ; ; . ' '•]' " ' ' . '.. ' . C coast (narrow zone from west base of Coast Mountains west t o in c l u d e sea

w i t h i n a l l range of v i s i o n from shore) I i n l a n d ( a l l areas or any l o c a t i o n w i t h i n the s t a t e excluding the coast) CM Coast Mountains ' _ • . 1

WV Willamette V a l l e y ( i n c l u d i n g Portland and Sauvie I s l a n d ) R Rogue V a l l e y area (may also include Umpqua V a l l e y ) V i n t e r i o r western v a l l e y s ( Willamette, Umpqua, Rogue) M mountains (Cascades, mostly east of the c r e s t ; Wallowas; Blue Mts.;

Strawberry Range; Ochocos; Siskiyous) K Klamath area D desert ( i n c l u d i n g Bend, S i s t e r s and The D a l l e s ) NE northeast corner • SE southeast corner

< — w - ?h- E ?•

Caution: This map i s diagrammatic and does not i n d i c a t e precise boundaries

Status - 5 breeds; present a l l year

•+ breeds; present mostly during breeding season. Not expected t o w i n t e r •®S breeds; found a l l year but most common i n summer <Bw breeds; found a l l year but most common i n w i n t e r Q records f o r every month of the year, but does not breed. (When modifi e d by

season, such as Osp or Of> i n d i c a t e s records f o r every month of the year, but most common i n those seasons)

( ) r e s t r i c t e d ; l i m i t e d i n d i s t r i b u t i o n (not found i n a l l a v a i l a b l e h a b i t a t )

A l l species common, or a t l e a s t expected on a r e g u l a r basis, w i t h i n season unles i n d i c a t e d by the f o l l o w i n g symbols:

r r a r e , or not common,"but r e g u l a r (expected every year) ( r ) r e g u l a r , but not eyery year , -o occasional; i r r e g u l a r ' ( o c c u r r e n c e u npredictable) a a c c i d e n t a l (1-2 records; hot expected) ' h h y p o t h e t i c a l ( g e n e r a l l y one s i g h t record by s i n g l e observer or p a r t y ) u status unknown

z • Seasons

sp spring ( g e n e r a l l y March, A p r i l , May) s summer ( g e n e r a l l y June, J u l y , August) f f a l l ( g e n e r a l l y September, October, November) w wi n t e r ( g e n e r a l l y December, January, February)

Examples

Sp£,ow r common spring and f a l l , occasional i n w i n t e r V-Sp-p = uncommon spr i n g and f a l l + ( H ) / s p f vi/W/r^ "f E = r e s t r i c t e d breeding i n mountains; common s p r i n g , f a l l , and

' r w i n t e r throughout western Oregon, i n a v a i l a b l e h a b i t a t ; not common, but re g u l a r , i n eastern Oregon, sp r i n g and f a l l

Caution

The symbols used on t h i s l i s t designate broad, general categories t h a t are o v e r s i m p l i f i e d f o r convenience. Do not expect p r e c i s i o n . For more thorough i n f o r m a t i o n , contact l o c a l birdwatchers.

SPECIES LIST - * 3 -Names and sequence i n accordance w i t h the AOU Check-list of North American B i r d s , f i f t h e d i t i o n and i t s supplements.

GAVIIFORMES

Common Loon Sp£W ,os / rS£ Y e l l o w - b i l l e d Loon <j-fwC A r c t i c Loon Sp-f\v,os C/V W V / Q M , S E / h X Red-throated Loon S p f w o S C/r VW/hD loon sp. '-'- t

PODICIPEDIFORMES • •

Red-necked Grebe Spfw C / o l / + (R^GO Horned Grebe Spfw yV/ospM/+ - S E Eared Grebe Spw/+ / 0 wE. Western Grebe OC,vVV/Vspf w R f-r.awE '"•

P i e d - b i l l e d Grebe Q

PROCELLARIIFORMES

S h o r t - t a i l e d Albatross cx.P Black-footed Albatross OP/hC Laysan Albatross ospP^p Northern Fulmar i p f w P / ^ r w C « Pink-footed Shearwater p/r^4 C Flesh-footed Shearwater op New Zealand Shearwater -fP Sooty Shearwater spSt P/sC S h o r t - t a i l e d Shearwater eP(C Manx Shearwater 03 P Mottled (=Scaled) Petrelo _ P

F o r k - t a i l e d Storm-petrel OP/+(c) Leach's Storm-petrel 3 p s f P/+c/nWV,RW Wilson's Storm-petrel Vi C l i t - ?

PELECANIFORMES White Pelican a.C/ofu/vV\/(R/+(o\ K,S£ Brown Pelican C/k WV Double-crested Cormorant /OWV R/-r M < £ Brandt's Cormorant wP/^(] Pelagic Cormorant vA/P/^C cormorant sp.

_ M a g n i f i c e n t F r i g a t e - b i r d CLP,C(P

CICONIIFORMES de-fa. b

White-faced I b i s Q_

ANSERIFORMES

C/+SE

ouuw vjuuse \ u i u e piiaot

Ross' Goose a W / r S e p c

Fulvous Tree Duck i . C

Great Blue Heron © Green Heron Q)sW/o5psE C a t t l e Egret ov^ ' Great Egret O/f.ow/ K £ E Snowy Egret *C \^ftp]+-o\At K $ E Louisiana Heron aWV.SE Black-crowned Night Heron a^Sr-AjCU'd'A/KHA//

JMute 'Swan ©C,D ^-<feWls? flw Ws/' Bewick's Swan o_K "Whistling Swan SpTw /rs 5 E [Trumpeter Swan a.W/©S& Canada Goose (©w ~Brant a C ' "Black Brant SpwC/oT "Emperor Goos4 o.C,WV,k'/«-SE White-fronted Goose sp-f/rw Snow G o o a e ^ r w ~ Snow Goose (blue phase) P " ~-

,OS*J E

Mallard Q Black Duck aWV(SE Gadwall Spf<v r s W / © K,E P i n t a i l Sff*v/rsW/<BK,E "Eurasian" Green-winged Teal a.C,WVD "American" Green-winged Teal Sp-Pvu/^SE Baikal Teal d W V Blue-winged Teal -v-jOVA/ Cinnamon Teal - ovV/ European Wigeon VSOTW American Wigeon £p-P V A / / © ( S E ) Northern Shoveler S p f w , 0 5 VV/tBE Wood Duck ' Redhead SpPwW/c&E , Ring-necked Duck S p ™ W / + ( M \ ( S E ) Canvasback Sp+\wW/^E Greater Scaup S j i l w W / a S E ^

_Lesser Scaup spPvAvW /®KiC->E Tufted Duck aWV Common Goldeneye £ >V7 Barrow's Goldeneye yspvu /+ M Bufflehead spf v^/+ flyf) oidsquawrw C/OL\A;V,R,K.SE . / \ Harlequin Duck w C / o S p f w VVV/ + CAA) King Eider o X ^ M ^ White-winged Scoter (V 1 / T

" S u r f Scoter O C / 0 X , / 0 ±

Black Scoter Jo+w/rs C /OL'SE Ruddy Duck S^w\A//«3v£ Hooded Merganser (J} Common Merganser Q> ^ , Red-breasted Merganser ScK J C/^Vu, V\/V(R duck sp. JLeaat B

America

FALCONIFORMES

Turkey V u l t u r e -f.ow . . r- .» C a l i f o r n i a Condor ^VpaW;Wrri«.r\ ©W,m W h i t e - t a i l e d K i t e Y\/oSpvy,o+ YW,R Goshawk V+,rw Sharp-shinned Hawk Cooper * 8 Hawk ©M/ Red-tailed Hawk © Red-shouldered Hawk oC / Yi W V / a S E Swainson's Hawk wV//V + E Rough-legged Hawk Sp-fw Ferruginous Hawk W / V © B . " Golden Eagle r sp f w W / r s R / © E

Osprey +;O V A, . . 7 Gyrfalcon ospv^ JT":?*™'6: P r a i r i e Falcon C L + | 0 UW/®£ Peregrine Falcon f ^ Me r l i n Vsp'fw American K e s t r e l ^ hawk sp.

GALLIFORMES

Blue Grouse Spruce Grouse v®KJE

_ R u f f e d Grouse © _ W h i t e - t a i l e d Ptarmigan u.K|E

S h a r p - t a i l e d Grouse U. Sage Grouse Q. (D),(SE) Bobwhite o\A/ C a l i f o r n i a Quail (£

_Mountain Quail © V\ (E) ' Ring-necked Pheasant £g Chukar o-F\vW/ © D,t>E Gray P a r t r i d g e (g, £ Turkey y- £g

GRUIFORMES 1 1 n I I f

Whooping Crane ^ S E "&°«*.e^stalc San d h i l l CraneSpP;ou,W/V.OuyE V i r g i n i a R a i l _Sora+-(0W trJeWW7

Yellow R a i l a W V/a+K/KO Black RailWSE , . • n

_Common G a l l i n u l e VvSE deb-M American Coot

CHARADRIIFORMES

Black Oyetercatcher (&C Semipalmated Plover^ r ^ ^ C/r-JWv ' R/o^ !

Snowy Plover ^(c)/oW\//+K^E ' _ K i l l d e e r ® Mountain Plover aWV p / f - 7 -American Golden Plover n C / o SpT" I B l a c k - b e l l i e d Plover Q W / r S p f E

Surf b i r d Sp"Pw,TsC r , Ruddy Turnstone r s p T ^ L /<Xot Black Turnstone S p ^ , r s C / a W V Common Snipe ® _ . Lon g - b i l l e d Curlew rspP W/+E Whimbrel Sp+ ,tw C /aWv/KSE Upland Sandpiper Spotted Sandpiper ©sW/-f-E S o l i t a r y Sandpiperr3p+ . . Wandering T a t t l e r Jpf,ow C/lr\WV /afv\ W i l l e t r soPwy'C,ft /aWV/+ M E

_Greater Yellowlegs O^p-f Lesser Yellowlegs O / s p f C / r X Red Knot rspP C/aVW.SE I U Rock Sandpiper S p ^ c + C ^ ^ ' ^ P Sharp-tailed Sandpiper ViQWV Pectoral Sandpiper SpT ' ' ^ J p U V 7

White-rumpe'd Sandpiper r>C,VVV ^ d e ^ ' ' Baird's Sandpiper rSp^/owC Least Sandpiper Sp-Tw^rs , 1 Curlew Sandpiper k C ,WV**- defalk? Dunlin Sp^W T • p

S h o r t - b i l l e d Dowitcher SptC/cX Lo n g - b i l l e d Dowitcher Sp-fw / 0 3 S t i l t Sandpiper a C , K 6^J^*r M»'k Semipalmated S a n d p i p e r \ J ^ 7 ^ Y Western Sandpiper O ^

_ B u f f - b r e a s t e d Sandpiper ospi C -Marbled Godwit Spf C/KWV A g p s f R,Sb B a r - t a i l e d Godwit a£ Sander l i n g OC./oSpf X sandpiper sp. American Avocet oW/+K,^>E Black-necked S t i l t a\A// + K,OE Red Phalarope 3 ,v\ f j C / o ^ X Wilson's Phalarope -co-AStf/-}. ft(E

_No r t h e r n Phalarope sp -fpsvu T

_Pomarine Jaeger < >s£ P/rspPC/oI-P a r a s i t i c Jaeger sp-P P/r sprC /cX L o n g - t a i l e d Jaeger fP/X/ftX

_Skua o f jaeger sp. Glaucous G u l l r w L ^ l / Iceland G u l l Vi C elefaife? , _ Glaucous-winged G u l l S^fw/s W/^'-Western G u l l ® C / r X Herring G u l l Spfv^W/ViE Thayer's G u l l SpPw VV

_ C a l i f o r n i a G u l l O w W / ^ R i n g - b i l l e d G u l l O A / W / ^ E Mew Gul l SpVwW .

_ F r a n k l i n ' s G u l l V^pf \A//4-SE Laughing G u l l V i C , b E Bonaparte's G u l l O C T k i t t l e G ull aC r r I U A /

_Heermann '8 G u l l St,cW L/oWV _Black-legged K i t t i w a k e p / C (] /^X

Red-legged K i t t i w a k e a f £ Sabine's G u l l rsp-V r / o C , l

_ _ J R U I I sp. /• : ,Tsij. /, p Forster's Tern Y-spt W / T ^ Common Tern ^JSp-P C , W V , S E A r c t i c Tern s+ P/rC ... Least Tern a C

_Elegant Tern h f **7 «*.eta,,i-. n , Caspian Tern Spf (oS C/o sp+ WV, R A r t Black Tern o ,p

~CommonPMurre"w P / S s C / a t ^ ^ M * ^ T h i c k - b i l l e d M u r r e 0 p „., ..... .,. / ' Pigeon Guillemot U/P/© C '

: t t o p ) c / + c M • o r x ** i ;••« Craveri's M u r r e l e t a L

Ancient M u r r e l e t wp/OC/^vW,R,t> ~ C a s s in' s A u k l e t w p / ® £ /aWV .

_Parakeet Auklet 0\ P/ 0 £ Rhinoceros Auklet ^p/Q, (£) Horned Puf f i n oSpfw P,C Tufted P u£fin^ p/^c / o W V

APODIFORMES

Marbled M u r r e l e t "Xantus' M u r r e l e t o p

COLUMBIFORMES

Band-tailed Pigeon ^ s W / o E Rock Dove ( r ) White-winged Dove nC ; D

_Mourning Dove

CUCULIFORMES

Y e l l o w - b i l l e d Cuckoo ospS

B l a c k - b i l l e d Cuckoo Y\KJb

STRIGIFORMES

Barn Owl Screech Owl Flammulated Owl + ( w / r S f Great Horned Owl Q Snowy Owl (r)Sp\A/ Hawk Owl ^V\A/ defalk? Pygmy Owl © V ^ M ^ D , N E Burrowing Owl r-P.vy C WV /+ ,ou, R,E Barred Owl &0oB) deWs * Spotted Owl Q \foM

Great Gray Owl ©W/©fe),(vO Long-eared Owl Y+ o u , W/(&£ Short-eared Owl 0 * Boreal Owl <xK(N]&/ViW\ M»'V/ Saw-whet Owl (£)

fSE/cR

CAPRIMULGIFORMES

P o o r - w i l l o W / + R , E Common Nlghthawk -|_

Black S w i f t x r s p f W , r Vaux's S w i f t V W/M.WE / r s p t S E }

White-throated S w i f t YW\/J<¥(£)i Black-chinned Hummingbircfy^yy r^P,E Costa's Hummingbird Anna's Hummingbird spw.r Broad-tailed Hummingbird c s P j E Sau-w7

Rufous Hummingbird _-f-,oW i *\ Al l e n ' s Hummingbird -f Q (souWr^ ,u e W W e Calliope Hummingbird r-5p$4W/+N\NE^/a5£

hummingbird sp.

CORACIIFORMES .

_Belted K i n g f i s h e r Q,

PICIFORMES

Common ("Yellow-shafted") F l i c k e r r s o w _Common ("Red-shafted") F l i c k e r & Pile a t e d Woodpecker Acorn Woodpecker C C , K , D / & V Lewis' Woodpecker 5p-fw,o + W / © s E Y e l l o w - b e l l i e d ("Red-naped")

Sapsucker o\A//(£>E _ Y e l l o w - b e l l i e d ("Red-breasted")

Sapsucker © W , K / O E Williamson's Sapsucker o\A//©£ Hairy Woodpecker Downy Woodpecker © N u t t a l l ' s Woodpecker C L ^

_White-headed Woodpecker © M , E Black-backed Three-toed

Woodpecker n //IN/' A _Northe r n Three-toed Woodpecker o K / fcfH/\r\)

PASSERIFORMES

Eastern K i n g b i r d o\A//-f K . E _ T r o p i c a l K i n g b i r d o\*/ W Western K i n g b i r d r-f C / + I

_ C a s 8 i n ' 8 K i n g b i r d a £ S c i s s o r - t a i l e d Flycatcher OLSE Ash-throated Flycatcher O.C/o\A//fR K E. Eastern Phoebe a(k?)f^

W LCCur^Co)^dsewUfrC WW '.ouAVA.owE ^ y

Hammond'8 Flycatcher -f-M/V<,p/YV

Black Phoebe r s p f

Willow Flycatcher -J_

Dusky Flycatcher +£,M f$E/rspf W Gray Flycatcher f K,D,SE' _ Western Flycatcher -t-VV/f C Eastern Wood Peweey^ eg Western Wood Pewee i\-Olive-aided Flycatcher \f l y c a t c h e r sp.

Horned Lark o Violet-green Swallow -\Tree Swallow ov-u Bank Swallow o \ A//+RE " Rough-winged Swallow 4 -Barn Swallow 4-,OVA/ C l i f f Swallow 4 -Purple M a r t i n ^-WAK/aSE swallow sp. Gray Jay ©Qv\,M/o w W ^ R A S E " Blue Jay aK/E^SE S t e l l e r 1 s Jay m -

B l a c k - b i l l e d Magpie p -Common Raven®C,CM,R,M I E / O W Common Crow W,K,D,ME/~©M SE Northwestern C r o w ^ r y ..... Pinyon Jay a \ W , R / $ c f t W V / Clark's Nutcracker rf-ovo'Vl{D/©M Black-capped Chickadee

_Mountain Chickadee OC/WVUW^R/Q^M K,E _Chestnut-backed Chickadee g>\A/,fV\0D _ P l a i n Titmouse ®R,K ( f e E ) _ B u s h t i t <J> _White-breasted Nuthatch © _Red-breasted Nuthatch © _Pygmy Nuthatch o-Tv*, \A/V(R,/$E Brown Creeper ^

_ W r e n t i t © U y / V ® K _Dipper (£) CO.CHC^.R.JM^E _House Wren - p 0 w

Winter Wren ^ Bewick's Wren ®U/,k,D Lo n g - b i l l e d Marsh Wren Canyon Wren R°ck Wren esp£e/U W v / @ R , £ / + 6v0 Mockingbird o ^ M / ^ ^ y t ^ Gray Catbi r d ° - D A, K,W\/+M£ S E

_Brown Thrasher a K ( S E N ' C

_ C a l i f o r n i a Thrasher a ^ _LeConte's Thrasher Sage Thrasher DW/+, o vy D,SE American Robin £5 Varied Thrush -+-Hermit Thrush 4 Swainson's Thrush Veery hc/o6($£ /+ K/E/fA)

_We8tern Bluebird © Mountain Bluebird o\A//@M,E , .

_Townsend' 8 S o l i t a i r e r,o+ vV/^M/^pr^ E Blue-gray Gnatcatcher V>VvV/-r-R,£K)/SE) B l a c k - t a i l e d Gnatcatcher V\D-^—d^'/ ? Golden-crowned K i n g l e t ©W/+/Vl/5p-fVVy £ Ruby-crowned K i n g l e t 3p-fv \A//4- M L r C

— W h i t e Wagtail \ W , M E L *feL, Water P i p i t SpW/+(M) Bohemian Waxwing a C / C r W WAp t cedar Waxwing *

-OVI.IVl/sAuW.k /rD,SE

18h+,CKo r

Phainopepla Northern Shrike 5p-pu; Loggerhead Shrike vsp,©f W / £ } s E S t a r l i n g <B . ' Crested Myna hVW Hutton's Vireo © W / h S E B e l l ' s Vireo VlVW R S o l i t a r y Vireo + ' Red-eyed Vireo -f- . Ph i l a d e l p h i a Vireo V\N\ Warbling Vireo -f- . Black and White Warbler ospt VvV,R k $ £ Prothonotary Warbler Blue^winged Warbler Vi(V\ Tennessee Warbler ' o spf WV, R,D S E Orange-crowned Warbler -f- r u / N a s h v i l l e Warbler 4 ^ Vty / R S E

_ N o r t h e r n Parula K C / a K i E S E Yellow Warbler+-Magnolia Warbler O^C/KNJE Cape May Warbler p Black-throated Blue Warbler oSpT SE Yellow-rumped ("Myrtle")

Warbler 3pPw W / h s M/r E Yellow-rumped ("Audubon's")

Warbler t>pfiu/©U/,M . Black-throated Gray Warbler -r-/owuvV Townsend's Warbler spf\ /•+• (c),/Y\ Black-throated Green Warbler \ (_ c>£-Hermit Warbler +-,ou/ W,M/V\E Chestnut-sided Warbler a.C $£ Bay-breasted Warbler Vi(Vl/aK^E B l a c k p o l l Warbler kC,\A/V/a$E Palm Warbler r s p t , 0 5 VV/ aS£ Ovenbird a C / c K J E , S E „ RT , R

_ N o r t h e r n Water thrush a. LyK/oSpt S E M a c G i l l i v r a y ' s Warbler -f-,0w/ Common Yell o w t h r o a t -f,ouy Y e l l ow-breasted Chat Hooded Warbler o,W/\j Wilson's Warbler 4-| 0 v u

Canada Warbler h WV / American Redstart ofC A G ^ O / M ^ N I E / P spHSE House Sparrow (£> Bobolink oVw+fUE/SE Western Meadowlark ® Yellow-headed B l a c k b i r d -/\r«u SE-Red-winged B l a c k b i r d

LCR.Ui.iU 7 / I IU J l - . I

»ird m - i f U $ ? >ird fiW/+((Z\K T r i c o l o r e d Blackbix

"Hooded O r i o l e k C S E / a R "Northern ("Baltimore") O r i o l e <3.C,WV,5E

_No r t h e r n ("Bullock's") O r i o l e -f,ov>/ Rusty Blackbird a C Brewer ' 8 B l a c k b i r d ^ . j 'I o Common Crackle Y ^ N E - ^ ^ 0 ' ^ Brown-headed Cowbird £|)<j Western Tanager -f,0vo Summer Tanager ^C^jz

-57 -_Rose-breasted Grosbeak o3psu/VY,M |D,S£ _Black-headed Grosbeak -f-Blue Grosbeak o WV

[indigo Bunting o.\AA/,R,SE _Lazuli Bunting - 4 -_Painted Bunting <xSE Dickcissel n C . .,. -Brambling a\A/V t t't 0 1

[Rustic Bunting a.WV «f-JtWfe<; eSCtfpeS I "Evening Grosbeak sbjFvo/QCfQ M 'Purple Finch (BW. /r+K/oP S E "" Cass in 's Finch o w W / ^ M pr

[House Finch © ^ ..."" . , , v ; : .. >- -J?ine Grosbeakrspw/R,/V\3£/-f-fVE _Gray-crowned _Black Rosy Finch I jCommon Redpoll owW/Twj E _Pine Siskin © .... _American Goldfinch @ _Lesser Goldfinch ©\)

Lawrence'8 Goldfinch a,V\A//R "Red Crossbill *r> "White-winged Crossbill V|VW/oM _Green-tailed Towhee a.\AA//-f- A/\E _Rufous-sided Towhee £ft r

_Brown Towhee V) C,VW7© R/oT K _Lark Bunting V\V _Savannah S p a r r o w p _

I Rosy.Finch a C Q V l / h W V , S E /

Grasshopper Sparrow TT-f-Vesper Sparrow + , C W . Lark Sparrow oSp^C.WV/6s R/-f-K,ME Black-throated Sparrow oW/q K/-f-CSE) Sage Sparrow kWV/ + D(K$E Dark-eyed ("Slate-colored")

Junco Dark-eyed ("Oregon") Junco (Q Gray-headed Junco Y\SE Tree Sparrow C5p\ W / r f w E Chipping Sparrow-r-/rw\Clay-colored Sparrow V\(S£/a.\/vV Brewer's Sparrow a W / + & M ) [> k $ £ Field Sparrow ViWV • •! ' Black-chinned Sparrow <xWV/0fi

_ Harris' Sparrow V'sp'rvu . _ White-crowned Sparrow €B W /+, SpT/rvu E Golden-crowned Sparrow Sp-PvuW/rsp ow E White-throated Sparrow r spfu, W /o spf E Fox Sparrow Sp-PuyW/+-M.F Lincoln's Sparrow s \V/7+ irf / r f1 p Swamp Sparrow o W / h S E P

Song Sparrow^. McCown's LongspurVtSE Lapland Long8pur Y -fvxy C,E/ou/V Smith'8 Longs pur Vi C <—jeUh • Chestnut-collared Longspur V\C,k/a.VW

. Snow Bunting r-Two C y E / a U/V «J.f

Bird c o u n t s The following Christmas Bird Count dates have been set:

Bend Saturday, December 18

Coos Bay Sunday, December 19

C o r v a l l i s Tuesday, December 28

Cottage Grove Sunday, January 2

Dallas Thursday, December 30

Eugene Sunday, December 26 ( t e n t a t i v e - there i s s t i l l some un c e r t a i n t y of personal schedules)

Gold Beach Saturday, December 18

Medford Saturday, December 18

Oakridge Wednesday, December 29

Portland Saturday, January 1

Roseburg Saturday, January 1

Salem Saturday, December 18

Tillamook Saturday, December 18

We have no information on the following counts: Alma, Antelope, Baker County, Baker Valley, Hart Mountain, Malheur NWR, Ruggs-Hardman, Sauvie Island, and Yaquina Bay.

-S-8-

Osprey Attacks on Bald Eagles

Dan Gleason

I t i s w e l l r e p o r t e d t h a t Bald Eagles, Haliaeetus leucocephalus, harass Ospreys, Pandion h a l i a e t u s , i n an attempt t o s t e a l t h e i r prey. On two separate occasions, I have witnessed the reverse s i t u a t i o n except t h a t the dispute seemed t o be over t e r r i t o r y instead of prey. The f i r s t example of t h i s I saw was on 20 J u l y 1974 a t the Osprey Observation Point at Crane P r a i r i e Reservoir i n the Oregon Cascades. '.

Along the edge of the lake was an a d u l t Osprey standing on t h e edge of i t s nest. I saw an a d u l t Bald Eagle f l y i n g i n a d i r e c t l i n e from the n o r t h . I t seemed unconcerned about anything on the ground below. However, i t must have entered the area t h a t the Osprey considered as h i s own t e r r i t o r y , f o r suddenly, the Osprey became very e x c i t e d . I t began c a l l i n g l o u d l y and c o n s t a n t l y , then flew s t r a i g h t towards the eagle. I t came up behind the eagle and continued t o climb u n t i l i t reached a height of about 50 f e e t above the eagle. Then i t turned, f o l d e d i t s wings over i t s back and dove upon the eagle, s t r i k i n g i t upon the back. Once again, the Osprey climbed t o the same heig h t and s t a r t e d i t s d i v e . I n the same p a t t e r n as before, the Osprey st r e t c h e d out i t s wings and threw i t s talons forward a t the bottom of i t s dive to s t r i k e the eagle. The eagle continued on a d i r e c t f l i g h t u n t i l j u s t before the Osprey h i t , at which time the eagle q u i c k l y turned and dropped i n an attempt t o avoid being h i t . I t was not s u ccessful. The Osprey climbed f o r a t h i r d d i v e . This time, j u s t as the Osprey threw i t s - t a l o n s forward t o s t r i k e , the eagle r o l l e d on i t s back i n midair and turned i t s t a l o n s up t o meet those of the Osprey. A f t e r s t r i k i n g , the Osprey again climbed. By t h i s time, the eagle was f a r past the nest and instead of a t t a c k i n g again, the Osprey flew back to i t s nest.

On 19 May 1976, I saw a nearly i d e n t i c a l i n c i d e n t a t Lookout Point Reservoir on the Willamette River. Almost every d e t a i l described above applies here too. An a d u l t Osprey l e f t i t s nest t o dive on a passing a d u l t Bald Eagle. As before, the t h i r d time t h a t the Osprey dove, the eagle r o l l e d over t o meet the Osprey w i t h exposed t a l o n s . Only the f i n a l events d i f f e r .

Instead of c o n t i n u i n g on out of the area, t h i s eagle f l e w i n t o the top of a t r e e and was no longer where I could see i t . The Osprey continued c a l l i n g and d i v i n g f o r almost ten minutes more before r e t u r n i n g t o i t s nest. Each time i t dove, i t would disappear from view behind the t r e e tops and I could hear the eagle c h a t t e r j u s t before the Osprey reappeared i n i t s upward f l i g h t . Even when the Osprey returned t o i t s nest, i t was not calmed. I t continued c a l l i n g c o n s t a n t l y , and on three more occasions l e f t the nest and f l e w over t o dive on the eagle again u n t i l f i n a l l y the eagle l e f t the area.

One might e x p l a i n t h i s behavior by assuming t h a t the Osprey and the Bald Eagle are n a t u r a l enemies and t h a t an Osprey w i l l i n s t i n c t i v e l y attack Bald Eagles. I do not b e l i e v e t h i s t o be t r u e . I think a b e t t e r explanation i s to assume t h a t an Osprey f e e l s the need to defend i t s t e r r i t o r y from any large b i r d . I n a d d i t i o n t o the above i n c i d e n t s , I have also seen Turkey V u l t u r e s , Cathartes aura, and Common Ravens, Corvus corax, attacked by nesting Ospreys. I have never seen an Osprey t h r e a t e n small birds f l y i n g past i t s nest. I n no case, was the b i r d being attacked making an e f f o r t to approach the nest. Each att a c k was always i n i t i a t e d by an Osprey.

F i e l d Work on the Leach's Storm-petrel on the Southern Oregon Coast

Chip Jobanek

The Leach's Storm-petrel, Oceanodroma leucorhoa, i s a member of the f a m i l y Hydrobatidae of the order P r o c e l l a r i i f o r m e s . L i k e other members of t h i s o r d e r , the Leach ' 8 Storm-petrel i s almost t o t a l l y p e l a g i c i n d i s t r i b u t i o n , r e t u r n i n g t o land only t o nest and r a i s e i t s young. For i t s nest s i t e , t h i s species se l e c t s c o a s t a l islands p r o v i d i n g enough s o i l f o r c o n s t r u c t i o n of i t s burrows ( i n some cases, the species uses n a t u r a l rock c a v i t i e s ) . This combination of nest s i t e s i s o l a t e d from the mainland and the concealed nature of i t s nests i n burrows apparently are needed t o p r o t e c t the species from excess p r e d a t i o n . The Leach's Storm-petrel breeds i n c o l o n i e s , sometimes comprised of vast numbers of i n d i v i d u a l s .

A ctual counts or estimates of the populations of these n e s t i n g colonies are few. I n the North A t l a n t i c , where the breeding form i s 0.1, leucorhoa, 10,000 have been estimated t o breed on Kent I s l a n d i n the Bay of Fundy of Nova Scotia; other islands nearby supported 17,500 storm-petrels (Gross 1935). Recently, 15,000 have been estimated to breed on Kent I s l a n d (Wilbur 1969). On the European side of the A t l a n t i c , approximately 2,000 were thought t o nest i n B r i t a i n , of which 1,000 nested on St. K i l d a , the famous b i r d - i a l a n d ( F i s h e r and Lockley 1954). A i n s l i e and Atkinson (1937) l i s t e d only t h r e e n e s t i n g s i t e s f o r t h i s species i n the B r i t i s h I s l e s w h i l e Cramp, Bourne and Saunders (1974) l i s t f o u r n e s t i n g s i t e s . Furthermore, a t l e a s t 6,700 Leach's Storm-petrels were blown i n l a n d i n t o Europe i n the f a l l of 1952 (Boyd 1954), i n d i c a t i n g perhaps t h a t the population of the European side of the A t l a n t i c i s comparable i n size t o t h a t of the American s i d e . \

C l e a r l y , the center of d i s t r i b u t i o n , d i v e r s i f i c a t i o n , and abundance of the Leach's Storm-petrel i s i n the P a c i f i c Ocean. Whereas 0.1. leucorhoa i s the only form of the A t l a n t i c Ocean, the P a c i f i c includes r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s of 0.1_. leucorhoa, 0.1.• monohorls, 0.1_. b e a l i , 0.1_. chapmani, and 0.1. socorroensis f A u s t l n 1952, Crossin 1974).

0.1_. leucorhoa, the most northern breeding form of the P a c i f i c , breeds from n o r t h e r n Alaska t o northern Japan and w i n t e r s i n the P a c i f i c area south of the Hawaiian I s l a n d s . Gabrielson and L i n c o l n (1959) l i s t e d i t as an abundant breeder i n the A l e u t i a n s . I n the U.S.S.R., 0.1_. leucorhoa i s g e n e r a l l y r a r e , appearing i n much lower numbers than the F o r k - t a i l e d Storm-petrel, 0. f u r c a t a (Dement'ev e t a l . 1951). On the western side of the P a c i f i c . 0.1_. leucorhoa breeds south t o several Japanese i s l a n d s . On Daikokujina, an i s l a n d o f f the east coast of Hokkaido, the s t o r m - p e t r e l population was believed t o c o n s i s t of "several thousand i n d i v i d u a l s " (Fennel 1953).

South of the breeding grounds of 0.1_. leucorhoa i n the western P a c i f i c , the breeding range of 0.1_. monohoris (sometimes considered synonymous w i t h 0,1. leucorhoa) extends south t o Korea and south Japan ( A u s t i n 1948, 1952; Austin and Kuroda 1953). Population sizes are probably s i m i l a r t o p o p u l a t i o n sizes of 0,1. leucorhoa on Japanese i s l a n d s .

0.1_. chapmanl and 0._1. socorroensis nest on islands o f f the coast of Baja C a l i f o r n i a . 50,000 i n d i v i d u a l s of 0.1_. chapman! were thought to nest on San Benitoa i n June, 1968 while several thousand i n d i v i d u a l s of 0._1. socorroensis nest on Guadelupe I s l a n d (Crossin 1974).

-6o

The most abundant of the subspecies of 0. leucorhoa i s 0 .1 . b e a l i . Populations of t h i s subspecies breed from southern Alaska to Baja C a l i f o r n i a . On Forrester I s l a n d , southern Alaska, the breeding p o p u l a t i o n has been estimated at 100,000 b i r d s (50,000 p a i r s ; W i l l e t t 1915). Likewise, on the Olympiades o f f the Washington coast, 55,000 to 100,000 storm-petrels were s a i d t o nest (Dawson 1908). Much smaller numbers nest on the C a l i f o r n i a coast. On the southeast F a r a l l o n I s l a n d , c e n t r a l C a l i f o r n i a , 1,600 Leach's Storm-petrels nest among 4,000 Ashy Storm-petrels, 0. homochroa ( A i n l e y , M o r r e l l , and Lewis 1974). Howell (1920) found 20,000 b i r d s (10,000 p a i r s ) n e s t i n g i n n o r t h e r n C a l i f o r n i a whereas Osborne (1971, f i d e A i n l e y , M o r r e l l , and Lewis 1974) found 7,800 Leach's Storm-petrels nesting on some small islands i n n o r t h e r n C a l i f o r n i a near the C a l i f o r n i a - Oregon border. " . ' : " •• •"

Estimates made by Browning and English (1972) i n d i c a t e t h a t the Leach's Storm-petrel breeds i n higher numbers on the Oregon coast than anywhere else i n i t s wide d i s t r i b u t i o n . On f i v e southern Oregon i s l a n d s , comprising about sixteen acres of a v a i l a b l e storm-petrel h a b i t a t , they estimated the breeding population a t j u s t over 1,000,000 i n d i v i d u a l s . However, certain.aspects of t h i s estimate casts doubts on the r e l i a b i l i t y of these f i g u r e s . ;; -

Browning and English (1972) estimated the breeding p o p u l a t i o n of Leach's Storm-petrels on i n d i v i d u a l Oregon o f f s h o r e c o a s t a l i s l a n d s by e s t a b l i s h i n g quadrats w i t h i n a colony and counting the number of burrows w i t h i n the quadrats. The number of b i r d s per square f o o t was determined by knowing the number of burrows per square f o o t and then merely assigning two b i r d s per burrow. Probably working from the f i g u r e s of bi r d s per square f o o t , the t o t a l p o p u l a t i o n of an is l a n d was approximated.

An important p o i n t t o be rai s e d here i s t h a t Browning and English's (1972) estimates arc of the breeding p o p u l a t i o n , which I i n t e r p r e t as meaning t h a t p a r t of the pop u l a t i o n which w i l l produce eggs ( i n c l u d i n g those b i r d s which f a i l to hatch eggs or r a i s e young).

The assumption of two breeding b i r d s per burrow i s not a v a l i d one. A l l a n (1962), f o r Harcourt's Storm-petrel, 0. c a s t r o , found t h a t 607. of the burrows occupied by b i r d s e a r l y i n the season l a t e r contained eggs. The remaining 407. of the burrows were inhabited by non-breeding b i r d s . The discovery of two birds i n a burrow i s no i n d i c a t i o n t h a t the p a i r w i l l nest t h a t season; pre-brecders p a i r a year before breeding and associate i n the burrow together.

Likewise, Davis (1957) found f o r the B r i t i s h Storm-petrel, Hydrobates pelaglcus, t h a t only 487. of bi r d s banded i n burrows were l a t e r found breeding t h a t same season. Richdale (1943), f o r the White-faced Storm-petrel, Pelagodroma marina, also records a s u b s t a n t i a l p o p u l a t i o n of non-breeding b i r d s . Thus c l e a r l y a large population of pre-breeding b i r d s are present w i t h i n the breeding colony and occupying burrows.

Furthermore, Richdale (1963) noted i n studying the bio l o g y of the Sooty Shearwater, Pufflnus g r i s e u s , t h a t o n e - t h i r d of the burrows on hi s study p l o t were never occupied. While t h i s percentage of vacancy i s not a general r u l e of the p r o c e l l a r i i f o r m s as i s the percentage of non-breeding b i r d s , r e l a t i n g as i t does to the r e l a t i o n s h i p between population size and a v a i l a b l e nesting h a b i t a t , which v a r i e s widely from species to species and from l o c a l i t y t o l o c a l i t y , i t might possibly apply to Leach's Storm-petrels on the Oregon coast. Zeillemaker (Crowell and Nehls 19 73) checked storm-petrel burrows on Goat Is l a n d o f f Brookings, Oregon the n i g h t of 2-3 July 1973. Of s i x t y - f i v e burrows checked, f o r t y - e i g h t contained e i t h e r an incubating a d u l t , an ad u l t w i t h chick or one or !>oth u d u l t n . Seventeen of s i x t y - f i v e burrows, or 267., worn vacant.

- 6 / -

Browning and English (1972) estimated a breeding p o p u l a t i o n of over 1,000,000 Leach's Storm-petrels on the Oregon coast by merely assigning two bi r d s per burrow and basing the estimate on the t o t a l number of burrows counted. However, from 257. t o 357. of the burrows might not be used t h a t season and of the a c t i v e burrows remaining, only 507. would be occupied by breeding b i r d s . Thus, Browning and English's (1972) estimate must be considered i n a c c u r a t e , a readjusted estimate based on t h e i r f i g u r e s e q u a l l i n g about 300,000 b i r d s . Browning (personal correspondence) agrees w i t h t h i s c r i t i c i s m of h i s estimate.

Estimates made of b i r d s i n the a i r are no more accurate than estimates derived from burrow counts. Zeillemaker's (1973, Crowell and Nehls 1973) estimate of 500,000 Leach's Storm-petrels on Goat I s l a n d the n i g h t of 2-3 J u l y 1973 was probably s t r o n g l y i n f l u e n c e d by Browning and English's (1972) estimate of 535,800 f o r the i s l a n d . A l l a n (1962) commented t h a t i t i s "easy t o over­estimate the population of storm-petrels o c c u r r i n g on an i s l a n d because of t h e i r n o c t u r n a l h a b i t s . "

Because Browning and English (1972) d i d not acknowledge the f a c t t h a t a large number of non-breeding b i r d s would be occupying burrows and t h e i r f a i l u r e t o recognize t h a t some burrows might remain unoccupied, t h e i r estimate of 1,000,000 breeding Leach's Storm-petrels f o r f i v e southern Oregon is l a n d s i s inaccurate. U n f o r t u n a t e l y , t h i s erroneous estimate has been o c c a s i o n a l l y c i t e d , p r i m a r i l y i n government p u b l i c a t i o n s such as the United States Department of the I n t e r i o r p u b l i c a t i o n Wilderness Study Areas: Three Arch Rocks and Oregon Islands ( = Goat I s l a n d ) , January, 1967. Their estimate i s probably also used i n determing management d i r e c t i o n s f o r the i s l a n d s . Because of the managerial and promotional needs of an accurate estimate of the breeding p o p u l a t i o n of Leach's Storm-potrels on the Oregon coast, I , along w i t h co-workers Dan Gleason and Al Winter, am conducting on an Oregon o f f s h o r e i s l a n d , Goat I s l a n d , i n the study of the Leach's Storm-petrel.

The p r i n c i p l e purpose of such a study i s t o determine the p r o p o r t i o n s of breeding and non-breeding b i r d s present on the i s l a n d ; also t o determine the p r o p o r t i o n of burrows used. Knowing these, a much more accurate estimate of the breeding population can be obtained. I n connection w i t h these i n v e s t i g a t i o n s , the n e s t i n g succes f o r the colony can be determined, thus a l l o w i n g approximations as to the o v e r a l l production of the colony.

I n a d d i t i o n t o these basic questions, we hope t o i n v e s t i g a t e other questions as w e l l . On the southeast F a r a l l o n I s l a n d , Western G u l l s , Larus o c c i d e n t a l i s , are s i g n i f i c a n t predators on the Leach's Storm-petrel ( A i n l e y , M o r r e l l , and Lewis 1974). Likewise, Osborne (1971, f i d e A i n l e y , M o r r e l l , and Lewis 1974) found s i g n i f i c a n t p r e d a t i o n by Western Gulls on storm-petrels n e s t i n g on small islands near the C a l i f o r n i a - Oregon border. How s i g n i f i c a n t i s p r e d a t i o n by t h i s g u l l on southern Oregon islands? Western Gulls breed on a l l of the important s t o r m - p e t r e l nesting i s l a n d s , w i t h 654 breeding on Goat I s l a n d , s i t e of an estimated 500,000 gtorm-petrels (Browning and English 1972).

There might be other predators as w e l l . I n northern C a l i f o r n i a , Peregrine Falcons, Falco peregrlnus, have captured storm-petrels (Dawson 1923). While the d a i l y cycle of s t o r m - p e t r e l s , t h a t of feeding f a r at sea by day and r e t u r n i n g to land a f t e r dark, or remaining burrows during the day, c e r t a i n l y would reduce possible predation by Peregrine Falcons, Peregrines are capable of c a p t u r i n g p e t r e l s ate sea (Byers 1957).

Gabrielson and Jewett (1940) l i s t skunks, Mephitis mephitis or Sp i l o g a l e p u t o r i u s , as predators, g a i n i n g access to the o f f s h o r e islands during extreme low t i d e s . Barn Owls, Tyto alba, are predators of storm-petrels i n n o r t h e r n C a l i f o r n a (Howell 1920). We consider i t important t o recognize the percentage of s t orm-petrel m o r t a l i t y a t t r i b u t a b l e t o predation and to determine the p r i n c i p l e predators.

The f i e l d work i s being conducted on Goat I s l a n d , approximately 1,000 f e e t o f f s h o r e from H a r r i s Beach State Park, Brookings, Oregon. This i s l a n d was chosen over Hunters I s l a n d , Cape Sebastian, a t the suggestion o f M. Ralph Browning, who p a r t i c i p a t e d i n the o r i g i n a l census. Mr. Browning has provided us w i t h much i n f o r m a t i o n on the f e a s i b i l i t y of working on Goat I s l a n d .

A l l f i e l d work w i l l take place during weekends, due to i n f l e x i b l e work schedules. While t h i s i s unfortunate i n .that there cannot be a continuum of f i e l d i n v e s t i g a t i o n s , t h i s i s favorable i n t h a t i t reduces the amount of disturbance t o the n e s t i n g b i r d s .

We w i l l determine the r e l a t i v e percentages of non-breeding t o breeding b i r d s by comparing the occupancy r e s u l t s of burrow checks made throughout the nesting season. Working comparatively on a percentage basis e l i m i n a t e s the need of checking the same burrows every v i s i t and thus reduces disturbance t o the b i r d s and t h e i r burrows.

I t has been remarked t h a t Leach's Storm-petrels w i l l desert t h e i r egg i f the s i t t i n g b i r d s are d i s t u r b e d "too" much ( A i n s l i e and Atkinson 1937). This statement, however, was made i n regard t o d a i l y checks of the burrows. This short-term d e s e r t i o n probably has l i t t l e e f f e c t on the successful hatching of the egg, as storm - p e t r e l eggs, l i k e i n the other p r o c e l l a r i i f o r m s , are able t o withstand a great deal of c h i l l i n g (Lockley 1932, Matthews 1954, Richdale 1943). Replacing b i r d s back i n burrows a f t e r removal r a t h e r than r e l e a s i n g them i n t o the a i r w i l l f u r t h e r reduce d e s e r t i o n . Also, since most f i e l d i s being undertaken during the d a y l i g h t hours, b i r d s w i l l n a t u r a l l y be more r e l u c t a n t to leave t h e i r burrow than i f the f i e l d work was done a t n i g h t . Should we encounter b i r d s t h a t r efuse t o remain i n t h e i r burrow a f t e r replacement, we w i l l attempt a method of calming b i r d s we believe never used on storm-petrels before. While a s s i s t i n g w i t h a l b a t r o s s research on Midway A t o l l i n 1972, I became p r o f i c i e n t a t " r e l a x i n g " Laysan Albatrosses, Diomedea i m m u t a b i l i s , by gently s t r o k i n g the back of the b i r d ' s head (method described i n Fisher 1971). This w i l l p o ssibly work on storm-petrels as w e l l .

I n conclusion, because Browning and English (1972) f a i l e d to acknowledge the presence of a large population of non-breeding b i r d s occupying burrows, and f a i l e d to consider t h a t a l l burrows might not be i n use, we consider t h e i r estimate of 1,000,000 breeding storm-petrels f o r f i v e southern Oregon is l a n d s to be imaccurate. I t i s our hope t h a t by work we do on Goat I s l a n d a more accurate estimate can be made of the population size of breeding Leach's . Storm-petrels on the Oregon coast.

L i t e r a t u r e Cited

A i n l e y , D.G., S. M o r r e l l , and T.J. Lewis. 1974. Patterns i n the l i f e h i s t o r i e s of storm-petrels on the F a r a l l o n I s l a n d s . L i v i n g B i r d 13: 295-312.

A i n s l i e , J.A., and R. Atkinson. 1937. On the breeding habits of Leach's F o r k - t a i l e d P e t r e l . B r i t i s h Birds 30: 234-248.

A l l a n , R.G. 1962. The Madeiran Storm P e t r e l Oceanodroma c a s t r o . I b i s 103b: 274-295.

A u s t i n , O.L., J r . 1948. The b i r d s of Korea. B u l l . Mus. Comp. Zool. 101: 1-302.

A u s t i n , O.L., J r . 1952. Notes on some p e t r e l s of the North P a c i f i c . B u l l . Mus. Comp. Zool. 107: 391-407.

A u s t i n , O.L., 'Jr., and N. Kuroda. 1953. .The b i r d s of Japan, t h e i r s t a t u s and d i s t r i b u t i o n . B u l l . Mus. Comp. Zool. 109: 277-612.

Boyd, H. 1954. The "wreck" of Leach's P e t r e l s i n the autumn of 1952. B r i t i s h Birds 47: 137-163.

Browning, M.R., and W.W. Engli s h . 1972. Breeding b i r d s of selected Oregon co a s t a l i s l a n d s . M u r r e l e t 53: 1-7.

Byers, G.W. 1957. Falco peregrinus a t sea. Auk 74: 265. Cramp, S. W.R.P. Bourne, and D. Saunders. 1974. The seabirds of B r i t a i n and .

I r e l a n d . New York, Taplinger Publishing Company. Crossin, R.S. 1974. The storm p e t r e l s (Hydrobatidae). I n : Pelagic studies

of sea b i r d s i n the c e n t r a l and eastern P a c i f i c Ocean. W.B. King, ed. Smithsonian C o n t r i b . Zool. 158: 154-205.

Crowell, J.B., and H.B. Nehls. 1973. North P a c i f i c coast r e g i o n . American Birds 27: 908-911.

Davis, P. 1957. The breeding of the Storm P e t r e l . B r i t i s h Birds 50: 85-101, 371-384.

Dawson, W.L. 1908. The b i r d colonies of the Olympiades. Auk 25: 153-166. Dawson, W.L. 1923. The b i r d s of C a l i f o r n i a . Los Angeles,' South Moulton

Company. Dement'ev, G.P., R.N. Meklenburtsev, A.M. Sudilovskaya, and E.P. Spangenberg.

1951. Birds of the Soviet Union, volume I I . (1968 t r a n s l a t i o n , Jerusalem, I s r a e l Program f o r S c i e n t i f i c T r a n s l a t i o n s . )

Fennel, CM. 1953. Notes on the b i r d s of Daikokujima, Hokkaido, Japan. Condor 55: 38-42.

Fisher, H.I. 1972. The Laysan Albatross: i t s i n c u b a t i o n , h a t c h i n g , and associated behaviors. L i v i n g B i r d 10: 19-78.

Fisher, J., and R.M. Lockley. 1954. Sea-birds/ an i n t r o d u c t i o n t o the n a t u r a l h i s t o r y of the sea-birds of the North A t l a n t i c . Boston, Houghton M i f f l i n Company.

Gabrielson, I.N., and S.G. Jewett. 1940. Birds of Oregon. C o r v a l l i s , Oregon State College.

Gabrielson, I.N., and F.C. L i n c o l n . 1959. The b i r d s of Alaska. H a r r i s b u r g , The Stackpole Company.

Gross, W.A.O. 1935. The l i f e h i s t o r y cycle of Leach's P e t r e l (Oceanodroma leucorhoa) on the outer sea islands of the Bay of Fundy. Auk 52: 382-399.

Howell, A.B. 1920. Habits of Oceanodroma leucorhoa b e a l i versus 0. socorroensis. Condor 22: 41-42.

- 6 V -

Lockley, R.M. 1932. On the breeding h a b i t s of the Storm P e t r e l , w i t h s p e c i a l reference t o i t s incubation and f l e d g i n g - p e r i o d s . B r i t i s h B i r d s

, 25: 206-211.

Matthews, G.V.T. 1954. Some aspects of incubation i n the Manx Shearwater, w i t h p a r t i c u l a r reference t o c h i l l i n g r e s i s t a n c e i n the embryo. I b i s 96: 432-440.

Osborne, T. 1971. Survey of seabird use of the c o a s t a l rocks of n o r t h e r n C a l i f o r n i a from Cape Menocino t o the Oregon l i n e . C a l i f . Dept. F i s h and Game, Wild. Managmt. Branch Admin. Rept., No. 71-74.

Richdale, L.E. 1943. The White-faced Storm P e t r e l or Takahi - kare - moana (Pelagodroma marina maoriana, Mathews). Trans. Royal Society o f N.Z. 73: 97-115, 217-232, 335-350.

Richdale. L.E. 1963. The bi o l o g y o f the Sooty Shearwater P u f f l n u s g r i s e u s . Proc. Zool. Soc. London 141: 1-117.

Wilbur, H.M. 1969. The breeding b i o l o g y of Leach's P e t r e l , Oceanodroma leucorhoa. Auk 86: 433-442.

W i l l e t t , G. 1915. Summer b i r d s of Forrester I s l a n d , Alaska. Auk 32: 295-305.

Zeillemaker, F. 1973. June - J u l y - August f i e l d notes. Chat ( n e w s l e t t e r of the Audubon Society of C o r v a l l i s ) 3: 3-4.

WRENTITS IN OREGON The map on the next page o u t l i n e s g e n e r a l l y s i g h t i n g s of the W r e n t i t ,

Chamaea f a s c l a t a , i n Oregon. This map was prepared as pa r t of a study of the Oregon d i s t r i b u t i o n of the W r e n t i t . I f you have or know of records t h a t would add t o t h i s map, please send d e t a i l s of those to SWOC.

This issue of SWOC TALK was prepared by Chip Jobanek and was p r i n t e d 8 October 1976 by the Quick Copy Center of the U n i v e r s i t y of Oregon, Eugene.