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TRANSCRIPT
RADHARAMAN GROUP OF INSTITUTES
Vocational Training Presentation On –
INDIAN RAILWAY COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Under The Supervision Of – Presented By -
Mr. Ranjeet Prajapati Ashutosh Verma
CONTENTS:
• INTRODUCTION• PARTS OF RAILWAY COMMUNICATION-
1.RAILNET2.FOIS
• COMMUNICATION• METHOD OF COMMUNICATION IN RAILWAYS• TRANSMISSION METHOD• NETWORK COMPONENTS
INTRODUCTION TO RAILWAYS
Indian Railway is certainly the 'Lifeline of the Nation' with its commendableperformance since the last 150 years having 11270 trains each day on atotal rail route of 62,480km.
Indian Railways is known to be the largest railway network in Asia andworld's largest railway system under a single management with 16 zones.
IR employs about 1.6 million people, making itself the second largestcommercial or utility employer in the world.
The Durg-Bhilai area comes under the South East Central Railway whoseheadquarters is at Bilaspur. It started functioning as a separate zone from5th April 2003.
PARTS OF RAILWAY COMMUNICATION
RAILNET
PRS
PASSENGER RESERVATION
SYSTEM
UTS
UNRESERVED TICKETING SERVICE
P.A. SYSTEMIVRS
INTERACTIVE VOICE RESPONSE SYSTEM
RAILNET-
Railnet is a network which is run by the Indian Railway for its customer service purpose. Passengers can access Railnet through internet and can get user required data about train schedule, ticketing, reservation, train running information etc.
The ticketing and reservation system for railway passenger transport completes the pre-sale and sale management of tickets and covers all administration levels. It is under passenger transport department and connected with the regional headquarters and then with the main
frame computers in Mumbai. Indian
Railway’s web-site, www.indianrail.gov.in offers PRS enquiries on the internet Berth/Seat availability, Passenger Status, Fare, Train Schedule etc. PRS is running currently at 1,200 locations, Deploying 4,000 terminals , covering journeys of 3,000 trains and executing ONE MILLION passenger transactions per day.
PASSENGER RESERVATION SYSTEM
Reservation
storage file
Passenger
Reservation
Process
Enquiry
Ticket Generation
Process
Report to Admin
Data Storage
PRS SYSTEM
UNRESERVED TICKETING SYSYTEM
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Unreserved ticketing system
involve in printing, accounting and issuing unreserved tickets. A Client Based UTS system is implemented in several locations so that ticketing activity can continue even if the communication link or the server goes down for some time.
P.A. SYSTEM - Announcements of train arrivals, departure, delays, etc. through
preprogrammed messages are stored on data voice recorders on stations
along the railway line.
IVRS- An interactive voice
response system that canrecognize a customer’s voice andanswer queries as well as anyperson. It can enhance ourorganization’s efficiency unlikeconventional interactive systems.
IVR Server
FOIS NETWORK
CMS(Crew Management System)
ICMS(Integrated Coach Management System)
Goods Management System
TMS(Terminal Management System)
Revenue Accounting System
Process Of Communication
Steps-
a. Input transductionb. Processing(Amplification and Modulation)**c. Transmission**d. Receptione. Output transduction
# Conversion from Analog to Digital-
Pulse-code modulation(PCM) is a method used to digitally representthe analog signals. In a PCM stream, the amplitude of the analog signal issampled regularly at uniform intervals, and each sample is quantized to thenearest value within a range of digital steps.
For ex.- the quantized values of a sinesignal at the sampling moments are 7,9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 14, 15, 15, 15, 14,etc. Encoding these values as binarynumbers would result in the followingset of nibbles: 0111(23×0+22×1+21×1+20×1=0+4+2+1=7),1001, 1011, 1100, 1101, 1110, 1110,1111, 1111, 1111, 1110, etc.
METHODS OF COMMUNICATION IN RAILWAYS-
Optical Fibre Communication-* Between major stations* Multiple links possible in between* Fastest and secure* Largest band width* Can carry very large no. of channels
Microwave-* Wireless method* Prone to weather* Max range up to 40kms* Bandwidth of 300MHz-300GHz
Radio Communication-* Between driver and station master* Low distance communication within a railway station
LAN-
* Wired communication between different computers at station
* Internet or Intranet access may be there* RJ-45(8 pin connection) cable or coaxial cable
is used.* Works within a station
Telephonic communication-* Connects different offices, loco-sheds, homes
of officials* Works via a telephone line* Often single channel is used* Separate Railway Telecom. Exchange is set
up for this purpose
Transmission Methods-
1. PDH- The Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy is a technology used
in telecommunications networks to transport large quantities of data over digitaltransport equipment such as fibre optic and microwave radio systems
2. SDH- The Synchronous Optical
Networking (SONET) and SynchronousDigital Hierarchy (SDH) are standardizedprotocols that transfer multiple digital bitstreams over optical fiber using lasers orhighly coherent light from light-emittingdiodes. The method was developed toreplace the PDH system for transportinglarge amounts of telephone callsand data traffic over the same fiberwithout synchronization problems.
3 .WDM(Wavelength Division Multiplexing)-
It is a technology which multiplexes a number of opticalcarrier signals onto a single optical fiber by usingdifferent wavelengths. DWDM originally to opticalsignals multiplexed within the 1550 nm band so as toleverage the capabilities and cost of erbium doped fiberamplifiers(EDFAs), which are effective for wavelengthsbetween approximately 1525–1610nm.
WDM Setup
Sender’s PC
Switch
Router
Router
Switch
Receiver’s PC
Two way links
Network Components-
1. Router2. Switch3. Firewall4. Network Interface Card
RouterA router translates information from one network to another. It is similar to a super intelligent bridge.
A Router Can-1. Direct signal traffic efficiently.2. Route messages b\w any two protocols.3. Route messages b\w linear bus, star and star-wired ring topologies.4. Route messages across fiber optics, coaxial & twisted pair cabling.
SwitchThe switch is used to interconnect the nodes. But it is more complex, versatile and also there is no division of bandwidth among the nodes.
A Router
FirewallIt is security purpose software, which is used to secure the servercontents, so the outside user could not temper the information; the usercan read the information but can not write any thing.
Network Interface CardIt is a device having intelligence to control access to the networks andenable communication across the network. Through NIC the nodes areconnected functionally and physically to the network. It is also callednetwork adapter.
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