v o c a surname, description, sightseeing/ b level (of ... · pdf fileinteresting, great ......

Haqebat Al-Enjaz (Organized by \ Bandar Al-Hazmy)

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surname, description, sightseeing/agriculture, Master’s Degree,

level (of English), Director of Studies, university/parrot, pet

shop, verse, funny (odd); intelligent, tourist, interview, hotel

GRAMMAR

Identify people:

Look! It’s Dave Watson.

No it isn’t. It’s Uncle Jim.

need + a noun & need to + a verb

I need English for my job.

I need to improve my English.

Irregular past tenses:

have had had

hear heard heard

buy bought bought

come came came

think thought thought

say said said

drink drank drunk

see saw seen

Expressing ownership:

(Whose?)

A: Whose is the parrot?

B: It's Ahmed's.

A:Whose are the shoes?

B: They’re Dave’s.

Question tags

Form: Positive statement ►question

tag negative

A: You’re a new student, aren’t you?

B: Yes, I am.

A: Elena’s Italian, isn’t she?

B: Yes, she is.


essay, open-topped bus, (in)

trouble, rhyme (v), fire (n),

destroy, baker/bakery,

oven, blow (v), building (n),

Londoner, burn (v), catch

(fire), dead, bell, wind,

forests, ran away, exit (n),

panic (v), (fire) drill

Adjectives:

fantastic, fascinating, open-

topped, beautiful,

interesting, great

An adverb is formed by

adding -ly to an adjective:

quick - quickly / calm -

calmly

If the adjective ends in -y,

replace the y with i and

add –ly

easy - easily / angry –

angrily

Examples of adverbs:

correctly, loudly, quietly,

carefully, quickly, slowly,

smartly, immediately,

clearly, suddenly, really

I’d like …

I’d like to go to the Science Museum

because I can learn interesting facts.

all/both Sit down, both of

you.

Sit down, all of you.

(Both) Two people (All) More than two

people

Past simple: Describing past events

We add (-ed or –d) to regular verbs in the

past simple.

Play - played / like – liked / …etc

Irregular verbs:

They change in different ways.

eat ate eaten

begin began begun

forget forgot forgotten, forgot

get got gotten, got

go went gone

know knew known

lend lent lent

put put put

read read read

run ran run

see saw seen

send sent sent

take took taken

teach taught taught

wake woke woken

win won won

write wrote written


mystery, break-in (n), investigate, strange, torch, (police) statement,

definitely, police station, burglar, reporter, headline, oversleep, accident,

hurt (v), bruise (v), break (a leg), teering wheel, ambulance, bandages,

halfway through, apologise, ambulance, bandages, steering wheel, traffic

lights, awful, hope, serious, angry, forgive

Asking for extra information:

(Which …?)

A: I was in the shop.

B: Which shop?

A: I like our teacher.

B: Which teacher?

A: Do you like my friend?

B: Which friend?

Apologising:

A: I’m sorry I’m late.

B: It doesn’t matter.

A: I’m very sorry.

B: That’s alright.

A: I’m very sorry I woke you up.

B: That’s OK. It doesn’t matter.

Why/Because

Teacher: Why are you late, Yasser?

Yasser: Because I … I overslept, Teacher. I’m, sorry.

The use and omission of "the" with places

We use "the" when we refer to a particular place.

EX: We played in the park.

We omit "the" when we refer to a place in general without having a specific

place in mind.

EX: She went to hospital.

Past simple negative: (Subject + didn't + verb)

EX: I/you/he/she/it/we/they didn't go to the park.

break broke broken

have/has had had

burn burnt burnt hurt hurt hurt

cut cut cut oversleep overslept overslept

drive drove driven take took taken

forget forgot forgotten tell told told


mirror, knock,

mysterious,

remember, towards,

escape , reward ,

clean , ground , fault

, catch (bird), cage,

empty, escape,

notice, close, reward,

phoned, address, (fly

a) kite, (sea) captain,

crewman, shout,

lifeboat, ship,

anybody, nobody,

diary, sailing

Can and Could in the

question:

Form: (Could / Can +

the subject+ verb)

Examples:

A: Could you play

tennis?

B: Yes, I could. / No, I

couldn't.

A: Can Omar speak

English now?

B: Yes, he can. / No, he

can't.

could / couldn’t

Could and Couldn't

are the past tense

forms of Can and

Can't.

Could and Couldn't

refer to ability or

inability in the past.

Ex: When she was one,

she could walk.

Ex: When she was one,

she couldn't speak.

Past continuous: (was / were + verb + -ing)

Affirmative Negative (Full forms) Negative (Short forms)

I was eating.

He was eating.

She was eating.

It was eating.

We were eating.

You were eating.

They were eating.

I was not eating.

He was not eating.

She was not eating.

It was not eating.

We were not eating.

You were not eating.

They were not eating.

I wasn’t eating.

He wasn’t eating.

She wasn’t eating.

It wasn’t eating.

We weren’t eating.

You weren’t eating.

They weren’t eating.

Questions Short answers

Was I eating?

Was he eating?

Was it eating?

Were we eating?

Were you eating?

Were they eating?

Yes, I was.

Yes, he was.

Yes, she was.

Yes, we were.

Yes, you were.

Yes, they were.

No, I wasn’t.

No, he wasn’t.

No, she wasn’t.

No, we weren’t.

No, you weren’t.

No, they weren’t.


climate, lifestyle, electricity, rubbish, gas, carbon dioxide CO2 , heat ,

Japan, Earth, escape, climate, diagram, recycle, plastic, glass

(uncountable), oil, petrol, spaceship, throw, limited, energy, coal, waste ,

valuable, (radio) studio, expert, top , journey, necessary, clean

GRAMMAR

VOCABULARY

Much

"Much" is used with uncountable

and singular nouns.

Examples:

We don’t have much time left.

We are using too much electricity.

Many

"Many" is used with plural nouns.

Examples:

We need many computers.

We are driving too many cars.

should / shouldn’t

We use "should" and "shouldn't" to give advice or to talk about

what we think is right or wrong.

We should use plastic bags again.

We should keep our air clean.

We shouldn’t throw away plastic bags.

"Fewer" is the comparative form

of few, and it is used before a

count noun to indicate a

decreased number of items.

Example:

We should drive fewer cars.

"Less" is used for uncountable,

usually abstract nouns: money,

happiness, snow, idealism.

Example:

We should use less electricity.


activity, bird of prey,

Hawk Conservancy,

prehistoric, parallel,

desert, religious, trade,

trip, explore, turn off,

pick up, publish, glasses

(spectacles), save, a cup

of tea, hall, upstairs,

cool, bee, honey,

traditional, ski,

crowded, palace

Expressing possibility: (possibly / probably)

Possibly means that (he doesn’t know).

EX: He's possibly going to London on the 23rd.

Probably means (he think he is).

EX: He is probably going to Cairo on the 9th

.

Infinitive of purpose: (to + verb)

Penny: What are you doing, Nina?

Nina: I’m turning the lights off, Mum.

Penny: Why?

Nina: To save energy.

Penny: Why do you want to save energy?

Nina: To stop climate change.

Phrasal verbs:

Phrasal verbs are usually two-word phrases

consisting of (verb + adverb) or (verb +

preposition).

Phrasal verbs and their opposites:

put on × take off

come in × go out

go away × come back

get up × go to bed

pick up × put down

go to sleep × wake up

Describing places: past

simple questions

1. When did you go?

2. Where did you go?

3. What did you see?

4. What did you eat?

5. What was your

favourite activity?

6. How many photos

did you take?

7. What did you buy?

Irregular verbs: 8.

blow blew blown

fly flew flown

come came come

put put put

meet met met

wake woke woken

Past simple tense irregular verbs: questions and

negatives:

I had a car. I didn't have a car. Did you have a

car?

He ate my

toast.

He didn't eat my

toast.

Did he eat my

toast?


bank, bin, rot, naturally, disappear, gold,

rubbish, glass/plastic bottles, wood, planet,

matters, verse, conserve, scissors, mobile

(phone), fridge, dryer, tap, throw away, turn

off/on, man-made, volcano, Mount, erupt,

ash, tonne, serious, flood, drought, visa,

cloud, Embassy, finally

Describing material:

It’s made of

1. What’s a table made of?

A table’s made of wood.

2. What’s a pen made of?

A pen’s made of plastic.

3. What’s a notebook made of?

A notebook’s made of paper.

4. What’s a window made of?

A window's made of glass.

5. What are the boots made of?

They’re made of leather.

Giving advice:

(should/ shouldn't + verb)

You should turn the water off.

You shouldn’t drive to school.

Describing purpose:

What’s a/What are …s for?

It’s/They’re for + -ing

1. What’s a dictionary for?

It’s for looking up words.

2. What are scissors for?

They’re for cutting paper.

Sequencing

adverbs order:

First ►Then ►Next ►After that ►Finally

First ►After that ►Next ►Then ►Finally

First ►Then ►After that ►Next ►Finally

First ►Next ►Then ►After that ►Finally

or

or

or


lamp, feed,

spare time,

pole, lid, duck,

rabbit, pour,

ground, wild

birds, flat

(adj), Briton,

huge, weigh,

midsummer,

observatory,

agree,

disagree, plain,

planet,

equipment,

snack, dark,

blond, fitness

centre, café,

island,

brochure,

swimming pool

Describing appearance: looks like

Lucy: Here, look!

Nina: But what is it? It looks like a small spaceship!

Elena: No it doesn’t. It looks like a lamp.

Agreeing: So do I …/Neither do I …

1. We use (so + affirmative auxiliary verb + subject)

When we agree with an affirmative statement.

EX:

A: Reema likes ice cream.

B: So do I.

2. We use (neither + affirmative auxiliary verb +

subject) When we agree with a negative statement

EX:

A: Omar doesn’t like coffee.

B: Neither does Fred.

Specifying people: (Prepositional modifiers; verb+ing)

Fred: Who’s that boy sitting at the table?

Charlie: There are four boys sitting at the table.

Fred: The one with the blond hair.

Charlie: There are two boys with blond hair.

Fred: The one in the green shirt. The one holding some juice.

Expressing possibility: (may + verb infinitive)

He may travel by train.

The hotel may be quiet.


kid, close (adj), get lost, map, embassy, (photographic)

plate, image, optics, establish, major (adj), invent(or),

upside down, ray (of light), web page, development,

project, liquid, jet lag, stewardess, bumpy, position, enjoy,

wound up (excited), hostess, basketball, feed, weigh, huge

VO

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Directions

Fred: Excuse me, but can you

help us? We’re looking for

Charles Street, the Royal

Embassy of Saudi Arabia.

Policeman: Oh, you’re very

close. Go to the end of this street

and turn left. The Embassy’s on

the other side of the road. You

can’t miss it.

Fred: Thank you very much.

Explaining a subject: What’s it

about? It’s about …

A: A project? What’s it about?

B: It’s about photography.

GR

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Wishing a good experience:

Enjoy your trip / flight / holiday /

day.

Subject, object and possessive

pronouns

Subject

personal

pronouns

Object

pronouns

Possessive

adjectives

I Me My

You You Your

He Him his

She Her her

It It its

We Us our

You You your

They them their

should / shouldn’t

Should/ shouldn't : Use (subject + should/shouldn’t +

verb) for advice

Should = This is a good idea

Shouldn’t = This is a bad idea.

Affirmative I/You/He/She/It/We/They should stay in

safe place.

Negative I/You/He/She/It/We/They shouldn't go

outside.

Use (should + subject + verb) for questions

Question Should I read the instructions?

Answer Yes, you should. / No, you shouldn't.


scholarship,

congratulate,

congratulations, escape,

score, award, include,

pocket money,

committee, specially,

relatives, erupted

why / because:

A: Why did the

mouse run up the

tree?

B: Because it wanted

to escape from the

cat.

infinitive of purpose:

(to + verb infinitive)

A: Why does Elena

go to Italy every

year?

B: To see her

relatives.

(Some-, an-, no-) with (-one, -thing)

1. Some

We use compounds of some in affirmative sentences and in questions:

Somebody/Someone left their wallet on my desk yesterday.

Can I have something to drink?

2. ANY

We use compounds of any in negative sentences and in questions:

There wasn’t anyone/anybody on the beach this morning

Is there anything interesting on television tonight?

3. NO

We use compounds of no with an affirmative verb:

Nobody/No one wanted to go out last night, so we stayed at home.

Pasts Simple:

Affirmative Negative

Full forms Short forms

I /He/ She/ It

Played.

We/ You/ They

I /He/she/it

did not play.

We/You/They

I /He/She/it

didn’t play.

We/You/They

Questions Short answers

I /He/ She/ It

Did play?

We/you/they

I /He/ She/ It

Yes, did.

we/you/they

I /He/ She/ It

No, didn’t.

we/you/they

Question tags

The exam was difficult, wasn't it? I tried, didn't I?

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