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Fats & FakesTowards improved control of malariaVisser, B.J.

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Citation for published version (APA):Visser, B. J. (2017). Fats & Fakes: Towards improved control of malaria.

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Download date: 08 Apr 2020

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Africa – the real view?

“The striking image shown is a view of Africa as seen from space. This overview has beenmade up of dozens of smaller, cloud-free segments acquired by the NASA MODIS sensor(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) fromJune to September 2001. TheMODIS sensor is carried on-board a satellite that orbits the Earth every 1-2 days at analtitude of 705km and is an example of remotely sensed data, which, through computerenhancement, can be viewed as an image. In this case, the image is displayed in near truecolour which means that it appears almost as if viewed by a person in space. Green tonescorrespond to vegetated areas: the tropical rainforests in the Congo Basin and on the eastcoast of Madagascar are very evident, as are the intensively cultivated soils of the Nile Delta,and the vegetation around Lake Chad and the highlands of Ethiopia. Darker green areasaround the tropical forests denote a mosaic of woodland and cultivated land. The mottledbrown/ light-green areas to the north and south of the equator denote a reduction in treecover and the increasingly open grassland environments of the savannah. The distinctive,isolated darkgreen area in Botswana is the Okovango Delta. In the arid, unvegetated regionsof the deserts, white and bright yellow colours correspond to sand seas while the dark red(almost blackin some cases), brown and orange hues indicate bare rock surfaces – themountain ranges of Ahoggar, Tibesti and the Aïr Massif are strikingly apparent in theSahara. The movement of sand in relation to prevailing wind patterns is noticeably apparent.The almost black features in central Africa are water bodies, with the path of the EastAfrican Rift Valley being clearly delineated by its lakes. The path of the Nile and Niger areclearly visible as are the numerous tributaries of the Congo. The line of turquoise areasrunning from Tunisia to Algeria (and also south of the Okovango) are salt lakes. At thisscale, urban areas are difficult to visualise. The spectacular details in the ocean are derivedfrom the General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans.” Adapted from: Soil Atlas of Africa, 2013.European Commission, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.1

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362 363

Africa – the real view?

“The striking image shown is a view of Africa as seen from space. This overview has beenmade up of dozens of smaller, cloud-free segments acquired by the NASA MODIS sensor(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) fromJune to September 2001. TheMODIS sensor is carried on-board a satellite that orbits the Earth every 1-2 days at analtitude of 705km and is an example of remotely sensed data, which, through computerenhancement, can be viewed as an image. In this case, the image is displayed in near truecolour which means that it appears almost as if viewed by a person in space. Green tonescorrespond to vegetated areas: the tropical rainforests in the Congo Basin and on the eastcoast of Madagascar are very evident, as are the intensively cultivated soils of the Nile Delta,and the vegetation around Lake Chad and the highlands of Ethiopia. Darker green areasaround the tropical forests denote a mosaic of woodland and cultivated land. The mottledbrown/ light-green areas to the north and south of the equator denote a reduction in treecover and the increasingly open grassland environments of the savannah. The distinctive,isolated darkgreen area in Botswana is the Okovango Delta. In the arid, unvegetated regionsof the deserts, white and bright yellow colours correspond to sand seas while the dark red(almost blackin some cases), brown and orange hues indicate bare rock surfaces – themountain ranges of Ahoggar, Tibesti and the Aïr Massif are strikingly apparent in theSahara. The movement of sand in relation to prevailing wind patterns is noticeably apparent.The almost black features in central Africa are water bodies, with the path of the EastAfrican Rift Valley being clearly delineated by its lakes. The path of the Nile and Niger areclearly visible as are the numerous tributaries of the Congo. The line of turquoise areasrunning from Tunisia to Algeria (and also south of the Okovango) are salt lakes. At thisscale, urban areas are difficult to visualise. The spectacular details in the ocean are derivedfrom the General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans.” Adapted from: Soil Atlas of Africa, 2013.European Commission, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.1

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”Map of estimated areas under risk of desertification. Developing a quantitative indicator ofdesertification is a complex process due to the availability of data and the considerable ambiguitiesassociated with the term (for which more than one hundred formal definitions have been identified).As expected, the semi-arid desert fringes (with shallow soils that are prone to erosion, low soilorganic carbon content and fertility levels) show the highest susceptibility to desertification.However, the novel methodology used to produce this map confirms that significant areas of thecontinent are experiencing significant levels of vulnerability to degradation. Approximately 26% ofAfrica is vulnerable to desertification with about 4,500,000km2 or 55% of the considered land areaat moderate to high risk. Even areas of low vulnerability could be threatened by desertification undersignificant climate change, if a particular combination of land use were to be implemented.” Adaptedfrom: Soil Atlas of Africa, 2013. European Commission, Publications Office of the European Union,Luxembourg.1

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Abbreviations

95% CI: 95% confidence intervalACT: artemisinin-based combination therapyADST: artemisinin derivative screening testAE: adverse eventAL: artemether-lumefantrineAM: artemetherAMC: Academic Medical Center (Amsterdam, The Netherlands)AMD(s): antimalarial drug(s)AP: atovaquone-proguanilAPI: active pharmaceutical ingredientAS + AQ: artesunate + amodiaquineAS: artesunateAUC: area under the curveb.i.d.: twice a dayCERMEL: Centre de Recherches Médicales de LambarénéCG: cycloguanilCHW: community health workerCL/F: oral clearanceCmax: maximum concentration after administrationCNAGMS: La Caisse Nationale d’Assurance Maladie et de Garantie Sociale du GabonCRT: cluster randomized trialDDT: dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (insecticide)DEET: N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide (insect repellent)DHA-PQ: dihydroartemisinin-piperaquineDLC: dunnelaagchromatografie (English: TLC)DSV: drug shop vendorEGA: estimated gestational ageERP: expert review panelFCT: fever clearance timeFDA: U.S. Food and Drug AdministrationGDP: gross domestic productGMP: good manufacturing practicesGPHF: The Global Pharma Health FundGPS: Global Positioning SystemHb: haemoglobinHDL: high-density lipoproteinHIV: human immunodeficiency virus

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”Map of estimated areas under risk of desertification. Developing a quantitative indicator ofdesertification is a complex process due to the availability of data and the considerable ambiguitiesassociated with the term (for which more than one hundred formal definitions have been identified).As expected, the semi-arid desert fringes (with shallow soils that are prone to erosion, low soilorganic carbon content and fertility levels) show the highest susceptibility to desertification.However, the novel methodology used to produce this map confirms that significant areas of thecontinent are experiencing significant levels of vulnerability to degradation. Approximately 26% ofAfrica is vulnerable to desertification with about 4,500,000km2 or 55% of the considered land areaat moderate to high risk. Even areas of low vulnerability could be threatened by desertification undersignificant climate change, if a particular combination of land use were to be implemented.” Adaptedfrom: Soil Atlas of Africa, 2013. European Commission, Publications Office of the European Union,Luxembourg.1

365

Abbreviations

95% CI: 95% confidence intervalACT: artemisinin-based combination therapyADST: artemisinin derivative screening testAE: adverse eventAL: artemether-lumefantrineAM: artemetherAMC: Academic Medical Center (Amsterdam, The Netherlands)AMD(s): antimalarial drug(s)AP: atovaquone-proguanilAPI: active pharmaceutical ingredientAS + AQ: artesunate + amodiaquineAS: artesunateAUC: area under the curveb.i.d.: twice a dayCERMEL: Centre de Recherches Médicales de LambarénéCG: cycloguanilCHW: community health workerCL/F: oral clearanceCmax: maximum concentration after administrationCNAGMS: La Caisse Nationale d’Assurance Maladie et de Garantie Sociale du GabonCRT: cluster randomized trialDDT: dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (insecticide)DEET: N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide (insect repellent)DHA-PQ: dihydroartemisinin-piperaquineDLC: dunnelaagchromatografie (English: TLC)DSV: drug shop vendorEGA: estimated gestational ageERP: expert review panelFCT: fever clearance timeFDA: U.S. Food and Drug AdministrationGDP: gross domestic productGMP: good manufacturing practicesGPHF: The Global Pharma Health FundGPS: Global Positioning SystemHb: haemoglobinHDL: high-density lipoproteinHIV: human immunodeficiency virus

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HPLC: high-performance liquid chromatographyHt: haematocritHW: health workerHR: hazard ratioHz: haemozoini.v.: intravenousIDL: intermediate-density lipoproteinIMPACT: international medical products anti-counterfeiting taskforceINN: international non-proprietary nameIPTc/i: intermittent preventive treatment in children / infantsIPTp: intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancyITT: intention to treatIQR: interquartile rangeLBW: low birth weightLDL: low-density lipoproteinLtd: limitedMEDQUARG: Medicine Quality Assessment Reporting GuidelinesMOOSE: Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in EpidemiologyMDA: mass drug administrationMR: magnetic resonanceMRA: Medicine Regulatory AgencyNA: not applicableNIT: non-inferiority trialNTR: Netherlands Trial RegistryOL: open labelp/P: p-value (a test statistic)PCT: parasite clearance timePE: parasitological efficacyPF: parasitological failurep.o.: per os (oral)PfHRP-2: Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich-protein-2PG: proguanilPh. Eur.: European PharmacopoeiaPQM: promoting the quality of medicinesPRISMA: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-AnalysesPROSPERO: International prospective register of systematic reviewsPVM: Parasitophorous vacuolar membraneQAACT: quality-assured ACTq.d.: once a dayQC: quality controlRCT: randomized controlled trial

Abbreviations

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RDTs: rapid diagnostic test(s)ROC: reicever operating curveRR: relative risk / recrudescence rate / Riva-Rocci (blood pressure)RS: Raman spectrometerSOP: standard operating procedureSE: standard errorSD: standard deviationSMC: seasonal malaria chemopreventionSP: Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamineSRC: scientific review committeeSTROBE: Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiologyt.i.d.: three times a dayT1/2: half-lifeTC: total cholesterolTG/TAG: triglyceridesTLC: semi-quantitative thin-layer chromatographyTmax: time to maximum concentration after administrationUSA: United States of AmericaUSP: U.S. PharmacopeiaUV: ultraviolet-visibleV/F: apparent volume of distributionVc/F: central volume of distributionVLDL: very-low density lipoproteinVp/F: peripheral volume of distributionWHO: World Health OrganizationWGO: Wereldgezondheidsorganisatie (English: WHO)Wks: weeksWWARN: WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network

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HPLC: high-performance liquid chromatographyHt: haematocritHW: health workerHR: hazard ratioHz: haemozoini.v.: intravenousIDL: intermediate-density lipoproteinIMPACT: international medical products anti-counterfeiting taskforceINN: international non-proprietary nameIPTc/i: intermittent preventive treatment in children / infantsIPTp: intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancyITT: intention to treatIQR: interquartile rangeLBW: low birth weightLDL: low-density lipoproteinLtd: limitedMEDQUARG: Medicine Quality Assessment Reporting GuidelinesMOOSE: Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in EpidemiologyMDA: mass drug administrationMR: magnetic resonanceMRA: Medicine Regulatory AgencyNA: not applicableNIT: non-inferiority trialNTR: Netherlands Trial RegistryOL: open labelp/P: p-value (a test statistic)PCT: parasite clearance timePE: parasitological efficacyPF: parasitological failurep.o.: per os (oral)PfHRP-2: Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich-protein-2PG: proguanilPh. Eur.: European PharmacopoeiaPQM: promoting the quality of medicinesPRISMA: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-AnalysesPROSPERO: International prospective register of systematic reviewsPVM: Parasitophorous vacuolar membraneQAACT: quality-assured ACTq.d.: once a dayQC: quality controlRCT: randomized controlled trial

Abbreviations

367

RDTs: rapid diagnostic test(s)ROC: reicever operating curveRR: relative risk / recrudescence rate / Riva-Rocci (blood pressure)RS: Raman spectrometerSOP: standard operating procedureSE: standard errorSD: standard deviationSMC: seasonal malaria chemopreventionSP: Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamineSRC: scientific review committeeSTROBE: Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiologyt.i.d.: three times a dayT1/2: half-lifeTC: total cholesterolTG/TAG: triglyceridesTLC: semi-quantitative thin-layer chromatographyTmax: time to maximum concentration after administrationUSA: United States of AmericaUSP: U.S. PharmacopeiaUV: ultraviolet-visibleV/F: apparent volume of distributionVc/F: central volume of distributionVLDL: very-low density lipoproteinVp/F: peripheral volume of distributionWHO: World Health OrganizationWGO: Wereldgezondheidsorganisatie (English: WHO)Wks: weeksWWARN: WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network

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“Map showing the pattern of mean annual precipitation for Africa. Large parts of the continent havea mean annual rainfall of less than 750 mm (see correspondence with temperature map above).However, some parts of west and central Africa receive more than 5 m of precipitation every yearand are among the wettest places in the world.” Adapted from: Soil Atlas of Africa, 2013. EuropeanCommission, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.1

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Contributing authors

Akim A. AdegnikaCentre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Albert Schweitzer Hospital,Lambaréné, Gabon

Alinune N. KabaghePublic Health Department, College of Medicine, Private Bag 360, Blantyre, Malawi

Arthur W. BuijinkDepartment of Neurology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam (UvA),The Netherlands

Barbara SjoukeDepartment of Vascular Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center(AMC), University of Amsterdam (UvA), The Netherlands

Danielle KroonCenter of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Divisionof Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam (UvA), TheNetherlands

Emmanuel B. BacheCentre de Recherches de Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Albert Schweitzer Hospital,Lambaréné, Gabon

François DanionDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg; Université deStrasbourg, Strasbourg, France

Harparkash KaurDepartment of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London,United Kingdom

Ingeborg M. NagelMedical Library, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam (UvA), TheNetherlands

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“Map showing the pattern of mean annual precipitation for Africa. Large parts of the continent havea mean annual rainfall of less than 750 mm (see correspondence with temperature map above).However, some parts of west and central Africa receive more than 5 m of precipitation every yearand are among the wettest places in the world.” Adapted from: Soil Atlas of Africa, 2013. EuropeanCommission, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.1

369

Contributing authors

Akim A. AdegnikaCentre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Albert Schweitzer Hospital,Lambaréné, Gabon

Alinune N. KabaghePublic Health Department, College of Medicine, Private Bag 360, Blantyre, Malawi

Arthur W. BuijinkDepartment of Neurology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam (UvA),The Netherlands

Barbara SjoukeDepartment of Vascular Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center(AMC), University of Amsterdam (UvA), The Netherlands

Danielle KroonCenter of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Divisionof Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam (UvA), TheNetherlands

Emmanuel B. BacheCentre de Recherches de Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Albert Schweitzer Hospital,Lambaréné, Gabon

François DanionDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg; Université deStrasbourg, Strasbourg, France

Harparkash KaurDepartment of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London,United Kingdom

Ingeborg M. NagelMedical Library, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam (UvA), TheNetherlands

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Janneke Meerveld-GerritsDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Utrecht University, Utrecht, TheNetherlands

Jimmy BoersmaCenter of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Divisionof Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam (UvA), TheNetherlands

Judith MougoulaCentre de Recherches de Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Albert Schweitzer Hospital,Lambaréné, Gabon

Kamija S. PhiriPublic Health Department, College of Medicine, Private Bag 360, Blantyre, Malawi

Lídia Ciudad AguilarCenter of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Divisionof Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam (UvA), TheNetherlands

Martin GritterCenter of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Divisionof Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam (UvA), TheNetherlands

Martin P. GrobuschCenter of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Divisionof Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam (UvA), TheNetherlands

Michèle van VugtCenter of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Divisionof Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam (UvA), TheNetherlands

Peter G. KremsnerInstitute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Germany

Petra F. MensDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, TheNetherlands.

Contributing authors

371

Rene SpijkerMedical Library, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam (UvA),Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Renée J. BurgerCenter of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Divisionof Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam (UvA), TheNetherlands

Rieke VingerlingCenter of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Divisionof Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam (UvA), TheNetherlands

Rik B. KraanCenter of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Divisionof Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam (UvA), TheNetherlands

Rosanne W. WietenCenter of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Divisionof Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam (UvA), TheNetherlands

Sabine BélardDepartment of Pediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin,Berlin, Germany

Selidji T. AgnandjiCentre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Albert Schweitzer Hospital,Lambaréné, Gabon

Sophia G. de VriesCenter of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Divisionof Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam (UvA), TheNetherlands

Thomas HänscheidInstituto de Medicina Molecular and Department of Microbiology, University of Lisbon,Portugal

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Janneke Meerveld-GerritsDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Utrecht University, Utrecht, TheNetherlands

Jimmy BoersmaCenter of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Divisionof Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam (UvA), TheNetherlands

Judith MougoulaCentre de Recherches de Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Albert Schweitzer Hospital,Lambaréné, Gabon

Kamija S. PhiriPublic Health Department, College of Medicine, Private Bag 360, Blantyre, Malawi

Lídia Ciudad AguilarCenter of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Divisionof Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam (UvA), TheNetherlands

Martin GritterCenter of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Divisionof Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam (UvA), TheNetherlands

Martin P. GrobuschCenter of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Divisionof Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam (UvA), TheNetherlands

Michèle van VugtCenter of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Divisionof Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam (UvA), TheNetherlands

Peter G. KremsnerInstitute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Germany

Petra F. MensDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, TheNetherlands.

Contributing authors

371

Rene SpijkerMedical Library, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam (UvA),Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Renée J. BurgerCenter of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Divisionof Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam (UvA), TheNetherlands

Rieke VingerlingCenter of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Divisionof Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam (UvA), TheNetherlands

Rik B. KraanCenter of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Divisionof Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam (UvA), TheNetherlands

Rosanne W. WietenCenter of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Divisionof Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam (UvA), TheNetherlands

Sabine BélardDepartment of Pediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin,Berlin, Germany

Selidji T. AgnandjiCentre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Albert Schweitzer Hospital,Lambaréné, Gabon

Sophia G. de VriesCenter of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Divisionof Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam (UvA), TheNetherlands

Thomas HänscheidInstituto de Medicina Molecular and Department of Microbiology, University of Lisbon,Portugal

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“Agro-ecological zones map of Africa based on the Length of Growing Period (LGP) and showingthe climatic limits of the tropics.” Adapted from: Soil Atlas of Africa, 2013. European Commission,Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.1

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PhD Portfolio

Benjamin Jelle Visser

PhD supervisors: prof. dr. M.P. Grobusch & dr. M. van Vugt

Courses at AMC Graduate School YearAMC World of Science 2012Medical literature: PubMed Basics 2013Medical literature: searching for a systematic review 2013BROKEndnote

20132013

Practical biostatisticsClinical Data ManagementClinical epidemiology: randomized controlled trials,observational epidemiology and systematic reviewsLaboratory safetyInfectious diseases

201320132014

20142013

Courses at other institutions YearGood Clinical Practice 2013Basic laboratory safetySpecimen managementDiploma in Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (LSHTM)Short Course on Abdominal Ultrasound in InfectiousDiseases and Tropical MedicineBasic and Advanced basic life supportAdvanced Wilderness Life Support

2013201320132014

20152016

(Inter)national conferences and symposia YearInfectious Diseases Symposium Amsterdam

EULAR ParisHealth Technology Congress, NetherlandsNVTG Congress

2013-2016201420142013-2015

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“Agro-ecological zones map of Africa based on the Length of Growing Period (LGP) and showingthe climatic limits of the tropics.” Adapted from: Soil Atlas of Africa, 2013. European Commission,Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.1

373

PhD Portfolio

Benjamin Jelle Visser

PhD supervisors: prof. dr. M.P. Grobusch & dr. M. van Vugt

Courses at AMC Graduate School YearAMC World of Science 2012Medical literature: PubMed Basics 2013Medical literature: searching for a systematic review 2013BROKEndnote

20132013

Practical biostatisticsClinical Data ManagementClinical epidemiology: randomized controlled trials,observational epidemiology and systematic reviewsLaboratory safetyInfectious diseases

201320132014

20142013

Courses at other institutions YearGood Clinical Practice 2013Basic laboratory safetySpecimen managementDiploma in Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (LSHTM)Short Course on Abdominal Ultrasound in InfectiousDiseases and Tropical MedicineBasic and Advanced basic life supportAdvanced Wilderness Life Support

2013201320132014

20152016

(Inter)national conferences and symposia YearInfectious Diseases Symposium Amsterdam

EULAR ParisHealth Technology Congress, NetherlandsNVTG Congress

2013-2016201420142013-2015

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“Map showing the pattern of mean annual temperatures for Africa. Most of the continent has a meantemperature of above 20°C while some areas are much hotter.” Adapted from: Soil Atlas of Africa,2013. European Commission, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.1

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Publications

Publications included in this thesis

Visser BJ, de Vries SG, Bache EB, Meerveld-Gerrits J, Kroon D, Boersma J, Agnandji ST,van Vugt M, Grobusch MP. The diagnostic accuracy of the hand-held Raman spectrometerfor the identification of anti-malarial drugs. Malar J. 2016 Mar 15;15(1):160.

Visser BJ, Meerveld-Gerrits J, Kroon D, Mougoula J, Vingerling R, Bache E, Boersma J,van Vugt M, Agnandji ST, Kaur H, Grobusch MP. Assessing the quality of anti-malarialdrugs from Gabonese pharmacies using the MiniLab®: a field study. Malar J. 2015 Jul15;14:273.

Kabaghe AN, Visser BJ, Spijker R, Phiri KS, Grobusch MP, van Vugt M. Health workers'compliance to rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) to guide malaria treatment: a systematic reviewand meta-analysis. Malar J. 2016 Mar 15;15(1):163

Visser BJ, Wieten RW, Kroon D, Nagel IM, Bélard S, van Vugt M, Grobusch MP. Efficacyand safety of artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) for non-falciparum malaria: asystematic review. Malar J. 2014 Nov 26;13:463

Visser BJ, van Vugt M, Grobusch MP. Malaria: an update on current chemotherapy. ExpertOpin Pharmacother. 2014 Aug 11:1-36.

Visser BJ, Buijink AW, Grobusch MP. Reporting of medical research costs. Improvingtransparency and reproducibility of medical research. Methods Inf Med. 2014 Aug11;53(4):329-31.

Visser BJ, Wieten RW, Nagel IM, Grobusch MP. Serum lipids and lipoproteins in malaria:a systematic review and meta-analysis. Malar J. 2013 Dec 7;12:442.

Visser BJ, Grobusch MP. Discovery of the Malaria Parasites and their Vectors – A ShortHistory Discoveries in Modern Science: Exploration, Invention, Technology, Edition: 1st

Edition 2015, Chapter: Malaria Is Transmitted by Mosquitoes, Publisher: Macmillan USA,Editors: James Trefil, Patricia Daniels, Donna McPhie, Craig Schiffries, pp.640-647)

Visser BJ, de Vries SG, Vingerling R, Gritter M, Kroon D, Aguilar L, Kraan RB, WietenRW, Danion F, Sjouke B, Adegnika A, Agnandji ST, Kremsner P, Hanscheid T, Mens PF,van Vugt M, Grobusch MP. Serum lipids and lipoproteins during uncomplicated malaria: acohort study in Lambaréné, Gabon. Submitted

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“Map showing the pattern of mean annual temperatures for Africa. Most of the continent has a meantemperature of above 20°C while some areas are much hotter.” Adapted from: Soil Atlas of Africa,2013. European Commission, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.1

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Publications

Publications included in this thesis

Visser BJ, de Vries SG, Bache EB, Meerveld-Gerrits J, Kroon D, Boersma J, Agnandji ST,van Vugt M, Grobusch MP. The diagnostic accuracy of the hand-held Raman spectrometerfor the identification of anti-malarial drugs. Malar J. 2016 Mar 15;15(1):160.

Visser BJ, Meerveld-Gerrits J, Kroon D, Mougoula J, Vingerling R, Bache E, Boersma J,van Vugt M, Agnandji ST, Kaur H, Grobusch MP. Assessing the quality of anti-malarialdrugs from Gabonese pharmacies using the MiniLab®: a field study. Malar J. 2015 Jul15;14:273.

Kabaghe AN, Visser BJ, Spijker R, Phiri KS, Grobusch MP, van Vugt M. Health workers'compliance to rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) to guide malaria treatment: a systematic reviewand meta-analysis. Malar J. 2016 Mar 15;15(1):163

Visser BJ, Wieten RW, Kroon D, Nagel IM, Bélard S, van Vugt M, Grobusch MP. Efficacyand safety of artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) for non-falciparum malaria: asystematic review. Malar J. 2014 Nov 26;13:463

Visser BJ, van Vugt M, Grobusch MP. Malaria: an update on current chemotherapy. ExpertOpin Pharmacother. 2014 Aug 11:1-36.

Visser BJ, Buijink AW, Grobusch MP. Reporting of medical research costs. Improvingtransparency and reproducibility of medical research. Methods Inf Med. 2014 Aug11;53(4):329-31.

Visser BJ, Wieten RW, Nagel IM, Grobusch MP. Serum lipids and lipoproteins in malaria:a systematic review and meta-analysis. Malar J. 2013 Dec 7;12:442.

Visser BJ, Grobusch MP. Discovery of the Malaria Parasites and their Vectors – A ShortHistory Discoveries in Modern Science: Exploration, Invention, Technology, Edition: 1st

Edition 2015, Chapter: Malaria Is Transmitted by Mosquitoes, Publisher: Macmillan USA,Editors: James Trefil, Patricia Daniels, Donna McPhie, Craig Schiffries, pp.640-647)

Visser BJ, de Vries SG, Vingerling R, Gritter M, Kroon D, Aguilar L, Kraan RB, WietenRW, Danion F, Sjouke B, Adegnika A, Agnandji ST, Kremsner P, Hanscheid T, Mens PF,van Vugt M, Grobusch MP. Serum lipids and lipoproteins during uncomplicated malaria: acohort study in Lambaréné, Gabon. Submitted

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Burger RJ, Visser BJ, Grobusch MP, van Vugt M. The influence of pregnancy on thepharmacokinetic properties of artemisinin combination therapy (ACT): a systematic review.Malar J. 2016 Feb 18;15:99.

Publications not included in this thesis

Visser BJ*, Heuvelings CC*, de Vries SG*, Greve PF, Cremers AL, Janssen S, Bélard S,Spijker R, Grobusch MP. Guidance on tuberculosis control in vulnerable and hard-to-reachpopulations. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Stockholm: ECDC;2016. Stockholm, March 2016 ISBN 978-92-9193-843-8 doi 10.2900/72431 (*shared firstauthor)

Grobusch MP, Visser BJ, Boersma J, Huson MA, Janssen S, Greve P, Browne JL, van derEnde-Bouwman C, Van der Ende J, Zwinkels N, Huizenga E, de Bree, GJ, Stijnis C, vanVugt, M, Goorhuis A. Ebola virus disease: Basics the medical specialist should know. NethJ Crit Care September 2015;22(4): 6-14

Yang B, de Vries SG, Visser BJ, Nagel IM, GA Goris M, Leeflang MMG, Grobusch MP,Hartskeerl RA. Molecular and antigen detection tests for leptospirosis (Protocol). CochraneDatabase of Systematic Reviews 2015, Issue 9. Art. No.: CD011871

Visser BJ*, Owusu DA*, Nagel IM, Mens PF, Grobusch MP. The interaction between sicklecell disease and HIV infection: a systematic review. Clin Infect Dis. 2015 Feb 15;60(4):612-26.. (*shared first author)

de Vries SG, Visser BJ, Nagel IM, Goris MG, Hartskeerl RA, Grobusch MP, Leptospirosisin sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review. Int J Infect Dis. 2014 Sep 4.

Wieten RW, van der Schalie M, Visser BJ, Grobusch MP, van Vugt M, Risk factors andpre-travel healthcare of international travellers attending a Dutch travel clinic: A cross-sectional analysis. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2014 May 28.

Visser BJ. How soil scientists help combat podoconiosis, a neglected tropical disease. Int JEnviron Res Public Health. 2014 May 13;11(5):5133-6.

Visser BJ, Korevaar DA, Nolan T. Mobile medical apps: dangers and potential solutions. JTelemed Telecare. 2013 Jun;19(4):229-30.

Visser BJ, Korevaar DA. Clinical involvement and transparency in medical apps: reply toO'Neill and Brady. Colorectal Dis. 2013 Jan;15(1):121-2.

Korevaar DA, Visser BJ. Reviewing the evidence on nodding syndrome, a mysterioustropical disorder. Int J Infect Dis. 2013 Mar;17(3):e149-52.

377

Visser BJ. Dracunculiasis Eradication - Finishing the job before surprises arise. Asian PacJ Trop Med. 2012 Jul;5(7):505-10.

Korevaar DA, Visser BJ. Podoconiosis, a neglected tropical disease. Neth J Med. 2012Jun;70(5):210-4.

Visser BJ, Bouman J. There’s a medical app for that. Student British Medical Journal2012;20:e2162 (Republished in BMJ Careers, 18 April 2012)

Visser BJ, Korevaar DA, Huiskes F. A Social Media self-Evaluation Checklist for medicalpractitioners. Indian J Med Ethics. 2012 Oct-Dec;9(4):245-8.

Visser BJ*, Buijink AW, Marshall L. Medical apps for smartphones; lack of evidencesundermines quality and safety. BMJ Evidence-based medicine. 2013 Jun;18(3):90-2.(*shared first author)

Visser BJ, Korevaar DA. A 24-year old Ethiopian farmer with burning feet. AmericanJournal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 2012 Oct;87(4):583.

Korevaar DA, Visser BJ. A worm emerging from the foot. Neth J Med. 2012 Oct;70(8):375-379.

Visser BJ, Buijink AW. Need to peer-review medical applications for smart phones. JTelemed Telecare. 2012;18(2):124.

Visser BJ. Networking request from a pharmaceutical company? Lancet. 2011 Oct8;378(9799):1295-6

Visser BJ, de Kruif MD, van Gorp EC. Human African Trypanosomiasis - Epidemiology,diagnosis, and treatment of one of the world’s most neglected diseases– Student BritishMedical Journal 2009;17:b4134

Bahler L, Visser BJ. Bloeddruk meten aan beiden armen. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd.2012;156:A4915

Visser BJ. Handen wassen als preventie van diarree. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2008;152:1396

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Burger RJ, Visser BJ, Grobusch MP, van Vugt M. The influence of pregnancy on thepharmacokinetic properties of artemisinin combination therapy (ACT): a systematic review.Malar J. 2016 Feb 18;15:99.

Publications not included in this thesis

Visser BJ*, Heuvelings CC*, de Vries SG*, Greve PF, Cremers AL, Janssen S, Bélard S,Spijker R, Grobusch MP. Guidance on tuberculosis control in vulnerable and hard-to-reachpopulations. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Stockholm: ECDC;2016. Stockholm, March 2016 ISBN 978-92-9193-843-8 doi 10.2900/72431 (*shared firstauthor)

Grobusch MP, Visser BJ, Boersma J, Huson MA, Janssen S, Greve P, Browne JL, van derEnde-Bouwman C, Van der Ende J, Zwinkels N, Huizenga E, de Bree, GJ, Stijnis C, vanVugt, M, Goorhuis A. Ebola virus disease: Basics the medical specialist should know. NethJ Crit Care September 2015;22(4): 6-14

Yang B, de Vries SG, Visser BJ, Nagel IM, GA Goris M, Leeflang MMG, Grobusch MP,Hartskeerl RA. Molecular and antigen detection tests for leptospirosis (Protocol). CochraneDatabase of Systematic Reviews 2015, Issue 9. Art. No.: CD011871

Visser BJ*, Owusu DA*, Nagel IM, Mens PF, Grobusch MP. The interaction between sicklecell disease and HIV infection: a systematic review. Clin Infect Dis. 2015 Feb 15;60(4):612-26.. (*shared first author)

de Vries SG, Visser BJ, Nagel IM, Goris MG, Hartskeerl RA, Grobusch MP, Leptospirosisin sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review. Int J Infect Dis. 2014 Sep 4.

Wieten RW, van der Schalie M, Visser BJ, Grobusch MP, van Vugt M, Risk factors andpre-travel healthcare of international travellers attending a Dutch travel clinic: A cross-sectional analysis. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2014 May 28.

Visser BJ. How soil scientists help combat podoconiosis, a neglected tropical disease. Int JEnviron Res Public Health. 2014 May 13;11(5):5133-6.

Visser BJ, Korevaar DA, Nolan T. Mobile medical apps: dangers and potential solutions. JTelemed Telecare. 2013 Jun;19(4):229-30.

Visser BJ, Korevaar DA. Clinical involvement and transparency in medical apps: reply toO'Neill and Brady. Colorectal Dis. 2013 Jan;15(1):121-2.

Korevaar DA, Visser BJ. Reviewing the evidence on nodding syndrome, a mysterioustropical disorder. Int J Infect Dis. 2013 Mar;17(3):e149-52.

377

Visser BJ. Dracunculiasis Eradication - Finishing the job before surprises arise. Asian PacJ Trop Med. 2012 Jul;5(7):505-10.

Korevaar DA, Visser BJ. Podoconiosis, a neglected tropical disease. Neth J Med. 2012Jun;70(5):210-4.

Visser BJ, Bouman J. There’s a medical app for that. Student British Medical Journal2012;20:e2162 (Republished in BMJ Careers, 18 April 2012)

Visser BJ, Korevaar DA, Huiskes F. A Social Media self-Evaluation Checklist for medicalpractitioners. Indian J Med Ethics. 2012 Oct-Dec;9(4):245-8.

Visser BJ*, Buijink AW, Marshall L. Medical apps for smartphones; lack of evidencesundermines quality and safety. BMJ Evidence-based medicine. 2013 Jun;18(3):90-2.(*shared first author)

Visser BJ, Korevaar DA. A 24-year old Ethiopian farmer with burning feet. AmericanJournal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 2012 Oct;87(4):583.

Korevaar DA, Visser BJ. A worm emerging from the foot. Neth J Med. 2012 Oct;70(8):375-379.

Visser BJ, Buijink AW. Need to peer-review medical applications for smart phones. JTelemed Telecare. 2012;18(2):124.

Visser BJ. Networking request from a pharmaceutical company? Lancet. 2011 Oct8;378(9799):1295-6

Visser BJ, de Kruif MD, van Gorp EC. Human African Trypanosomiasis - Epidemiology,diagnosis, and treatment of one of the world’s most neglected diseases– Student BritishMedical Journal 2009;17:b4134

Bahler L, Visser BJ. Bloeddruk meten aan beiden armen. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd.2012;156:A4915

Visser BJ. Handen wassen als preventie van diarree. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2008;152:1396

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“Map showing the elevation of land in Africa. The darker brown colours denote areas of higherelevation while the green areas are below 500 m. The map clearly shows that than most of thecontinent is above 500 m, with large tracts of land above 1000 m. In many places, the high landscome right up to the coast.” Adapted from: Soil Atlas of Africa, 2013. European Commission,Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.1

379

Dankwoord

Graag wil ik de volgende mensen bedanken voor hun begeleiding, samenwerking, hulp ensteun bij het tot stand komen van dit proefschrift.

Patiënten uit het Albert Schweitzer Ziekenhuis in Lambaréné in Gabon voor hetdeelnemen aan de observationele klinische studie. Zonder jullie medewerking wasdit onderzoek en proefschrift onmogelijk geweest. Alle veldwerkers enlaboratoriummedewerkers van het Centre de Recherches de Médicales deLambaréné (CERMEL).

Mijn promotor prof. dr. M.P. Grobusch. Beste Martin, bedankt dat je me de kansgegeven hebt onderzoek te gaan doen onder jouw supervisie. Ondanks financiëletegenslagen wist jij telkens weer ergens wat geld te vinden en optimistisch teblijven. Bedankt voor je toewijding, begeleiding, scherpe en kritische blik en veleetentjes voor de PhD-studenten die jij bij jouw thuis organiseerde.

Mijn copromotor dr. M. van Vugt. Beste Michèle, ik ben erg blij dat je mijncopromotor bent geworden. Ik heb erg veel gehad aan je praktische enoptimistische blik, passie voor Afrika, en onvermoeibare enthousiasme. Wat kan ikover ons avontuur in Congo zeggen? Het is een wonder dat we veilig en welteruggekeerd zijn. Voor jou de stelling: “Aujourd’hui, Demain, Toujours ensemble.Pour vivre l’espace”.

De commissieleden: dr. T. van Gool, dr. P. F. Mens, prof. dr. M. Boele vanHensbroek, prof. dr. F.G.J. Cobelens, prof. dr. T.F. Rinke de Wit, prof. dr. J. Mayen prof. dr. L.G. Visser. Dank voor de bereidheid dit proefschrift vakkundig tebeoordelen, ik zie uit naar de discussies tijdens mijn verdediging.

De studenten: Lídia Ciudad Aguilar, Martin Gritter, Rieke Vingerling, DanielleKroon en Janneke Meerveld-Gerrits. Jullie hebben talloze uren hard gewerkt voorde inclusie van patiënten, pipetteren van bloed in het laboratorium en hetanalyseren van de verzamelde samples. Jullie offerden een vrije weekend dag op inGabon voor het vervolgen van patiënten. Zonder jullie zou dit boekje absoluut nietmogelijk geweest zijn. Mijn dank voor jullie inzet is enorm!

De stafleden van het tropencentrum: Bram Goorhuis, Cees Stijnis, Pieter van Thielvoor de vele nuttige klinische en wetenschappelijke discussies op dewoensdagmiddagen, vrijdagmiddag borrels en daarbuiten.

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“Map showing the elevation of land in Africa. The darker brown colours denote areas of higherelevation while the green areas are below 500 m. The map clearly shows that than most of thecontinent is above 500 m, with large tracts of land above 1000 m. In many places, the high landscome right up to the coast.” Adapted from: Soil Atlas of Africa, 2013. European Commission,Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.1

379

Dankwoord

Graag wil ik de volgende mensen bedanken voor hun begeleiding, samenwerking, hulp ensteun bij het tot stand komen van dit proefschrift.

Patiënten uit het Albert Schweitzer Ziekenhuis in Lambaréné in Gabon voor hetdeelnemen aan de observationele klinische studie. Zonder jullie medewerking wasdit onderzoek en proefschrift onmogelijk geweest. Alle veldwerkers enlaboratoriummedewerkers van het Centre de Recherches de Médicales deLambaréné (CERMEL).

Mijn promotor prof. dr. M.P. Grobusch. Beste Martin, bedankt dat je me de kansgegeven hebt onderzoek te gaan doen onder jouw supervisie. Ondanks financiëletegenslagen wist jij telkens weer ergens wat geld te vinden en optimistisch teblijven. Bedankt voor je toewijding, begeleiding, scherpe en kritische blik en veleetentjes voor de PhD-studenten die jij bij jouw thuis organiseerde.

Mijn copromotor dr. M. van Vugt. Beste Michèle, ik ben erg blij dat je mijncopromotor bent geworden. Ik heb erg veel gehad aan je praktische enoptimistische blik, passie voor Afrika, en onvermoeibare enthousiasme. Wat kan ikover ons avontuur in Congo zeggen? Het is een wonder dat we veilig en welteruggekeerd zijn. Voor jou de stelling: “Aujourd’hui, Demain, Toujours ensemble.Pour vivre l’espace”.

De commissieleden: dr. T. van Gool, dr. P. F. Mens, prof. dr. M. Boele vanHensbroek, prof. dr. F.G.J. Cobelens, prof. dr. T.F. Rinke de Wit, prof. dr. J. Mayen prof. dr. L.G. Visser. Dank voor de bereidheid dit proefschrift vakkundig tebeoordelen, ik zie uit naar de discussies tijdens mijn verdediging.

De studenten: Lídia Ciudad Aguilar, Martin Gritter, Rieke Vingerling, DanielleKroon en Janneke Meerveld-Gerrits. Jullie hebben talloze uren hard gewerkt voorde inclusie van patiënten, pipetteren van bloed in het laboratorium en hetanalyseren van de verzamelde samples. Jullie offerden een vrije weekend dag op inGabon voor het vervolgen van patiënten. Zonder jullie zou dit boekje absoluut nietmogelijk geweest zijn. Mijn dank voor jullie inzet is enorm!

De stafleden van het tropencentrum: Bram Goorhuis, Cees Stijnis, Pieter van Thielvoor de vele nuttige klinische en wetenschappelijke discussies op dewoensdagmiddagen, vrijdagmiddag borrels en daarbuiten.

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Tine Sibbing, bedankt voor het begeleiden van alle administratieve taken die er bijeen PhD schap komen kijken, het aanvragen van visums en vele andere zaken!

Mijn kamergenoten en mede PhD’s: Sophie de Vries, Rosanne Wieten, JimmyBoersma, Saskia Jansen, Mischa Huson. Van jullie heb ik zoveel geleerd! Inwetenschappelijke goede en slechte tijden waren we er voor elkaar. Bedankt voorafgelopen jaren.

Mijn paranimfen: Daniël Korevaar en Remi Kool. Daniël vanaf de 1e klas van demiddelbare school en Remi vanaf het 1e collegejaar, bedankt dat jullie er altijd voormij waren en ik ben vereerd dat jullie mij als paranimf bijstaan!

Mijn vrienden. Vakanties, roadtrips, bbq’s, zeilen, Cineville en heel veel lekkereetentjes! Ik heb ervan genoten en ik kijk uit naar de volgende keren (na hetafronden van dit proefschrift heb ik weer véél meer tijd!).

Ruud & Hermione Visser en mijn broertje, Wietse Visser. Lieve familie, dankzijjullie enthousiasme, aanmoediging en adviezen heb ik dit proefschrift weten tevoltooien. Jullie onvoorwaardelijke steun en enthousiasme waardeer ik enorm!

Tevens iedereen bedankt die ik niet bij naam heb genoemd, maar toch substantiëlebijdragen hebben geleverd aan dit proefschrift of in mijn leven een belangrijke rolhebben gespeeld.

381

Curriculum vitae

Jelle Visser was born in Amsterdam on MondayOctober 27th, 1986. After primary school, the evangelicschool “De Morgenster” in Amsterdam South-East, heobtained his pre-university education diploma at the St.Ignatius Gymnasium in Amsterdam in 2005.

From early childhood, he wanted to become a doctor.He started with the study Medicine at the AcademicMedical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam(UvA) in September 2005 and graduated in October2012.

During a summerschool Tropical Medicine at theInstitute of Tropical Medicine in Antwerp in his firstyear of medicine his interest for the field of tropicalmedicine awakened. The fact that tropical medicine has always played a major role duringhis studies, is reflected in the (clinical) internships abroad. He worked in Rafidia & El-Watani hospitals in Nablus (Palestinian Territories, West Bank, Israel) and participated in amedical mission in the Himachal Pradesh in India with Medical Checks for Children.

Before his clinical rotations in medicine, he obtained a master’s degree (cum laude) in HealthSciences: “Infectious Diseases and Public Health” at the VU University in Amsterdam in2010. After medicine, he obtained the Diploma of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene(DTM&H) at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), in London,2013. This intensive course in tropical medicine and public health contributed to a significantmetamorphosis in his understanding of tropical diseases. The pathophysiology of malaria aswell as the quality of antimalarial drugs intrigued him, which led to his choice of thesethemes as the topics for his dissertation. He conducted the field work for his epidemiologicaland clinical studies in the Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Lambaréné, Gabon (Central-Africa).

During the end of his PhD, he worked for over a year as a senior house officer at thedepartment of Internal Medicine (Tergooi hospital). He currently is a member of the YoungDutch Medicine Evaluation Board. His scientific work has reinforced his clinical interest forinternal medicine and infectious diseases, and he therefore aspires to become an internist.

He started his specialisation internal medicine at the Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG,Oost) the second of January 2017.

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Tine Sibbing, bedankt voor het begeleiden van alle administratieve taken die er bijeen PhD schap komen kijken, het aanvragen van visums en vele andere zaken!

Mijn kamergenoten en mede PhD’s: Sophie de Vries, Rosanne Wieten, JimmyBoersma, Saskia Jansen, Mischa Huson. Van jullie heb ik zoveel geleerd! Inwetenschappelijke goede en slechte tijden waren we er voor elkaar. Bedankt voorafgelopen jaren.

Mijn paranimfen: Daniël Korevaar en Remi Kool. Daniël vanaf de 1e klas van demiddelbare school en Remi vanaf het 1e collegejaar, bedankt dat jullie er altijd voormij waren en ik ben vereerd dat jullie mij als paranimf bijstaan!

Mijn vrienden. Vakanties, roadtrips, bbq’s, zeilen, Cineville en heel veel lekkereetentjes! Ik heb ervan genoten en ik kijk uit naar de volgende keren (na hetafronden van dit proefschrift heb ik weer véél meer tijd!).

Ruud & Hermione Visser en mijn broertje, Wietse Visser. Lieve familie, dankzijjullie enthousiasme, aanmoediging en adviezen heb ik dit proefschrift weten tevoltooien. Jullie onvoorwaardelijke steun en enthousiasme waardeer ik enorm!

Tevens iedereen bedankt die ik niet bij naam heb genoemd, maar toch substantiëlebijdragen hebben geleverd aan dit proefschrift of in mijn leven een belangrijke rolhebben gespeeld.

381

Curriculum vitae

Jelle Visser was born in Amsterdam on MondayOctober 27th, 1986. After primary school, the evangelicschool “De Morgenster” in Amsterdam South-East, heobtained his pre-university education diploma at the St.Ignatius Gymnasium in Amsterdam in 2005.

From early childhood, he wanted to become a doctor.He started with the study Medicine at the AcademicMedical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam(UvA) in September 2005 and graduated in October2012.

During a summerschool Tropical Medicine at theInstitute of Tropical Medicine in Antwerp in his firstyear of medicine his interest for the field of tropicalmedicine awakened. The fact that tropical medicine has always played a major role duringhis studies, is reflected in the (clinical) internships abroad. He worked in Rafidia & El-Watani hospitals in Nablus (Palestinian Territories, West Bank, Israel) and participated in amedical mission in the Himachal Pradesh in India with Medical Checks for Children.

Before his clinical rotations in medicine, he obtained a master’s degree (cum laude) in HealthSciences: “Infectious Diseases and Public Health” at the VU University in Amsterdam in2010. After medicine, he obtained the Diploma of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene(DTM&H) at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), in London,2013. This intensive course in tropical medicine and public health contributed to a significantmetamorphosis in his understanding of tropical diseases. The pathophysiology of malaria aswell as the quality of antimalarial drugs intrigued him, which led to his choice of thesethemes as the topics for his dissertation. He conducted the field work for his epidemiologicaland clinical studies in the Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Lambaréné, Gabon (Central-Africa).

During the end of his PhD, he worked for over a year as a senior house officer at thedepartment of Internal Medicine (Tergooi hospital). He currently is a member of the YoungDutch Medicine Evaluation Board. His scientific work has reinforced his clinical interest forinternal medicine and infectious diseases, and he therefore aspires to become an internist.

He started his specialisation internal medicine at the Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG,Oost) the second of January 2017.