utopian communities robert owen (1771-1858) utopian socialist “village of cooperation”
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Utopian CommunitiesUtopian Communities
Robert Owen (1771-1858)
Robert Owen (1771-1858)
Utopian Socialist
“Village of Cooperation”
The Oneida CommunityNew York, 1848
The Oneida CommunityNew York, 1848
John Humphrey Noyes
(1811-1886)
Millenarianism the 2nd
coming of Christ had already occurred Humans were no longer obliged to follow the moral rules of the past• all residents
married to each other• carefully regulated “free love”
New Harmony, IN
New Harmony, IN
New Harmony lasted from 1825-1829
Secular Utopian Communities
Secular Utopian Communities
IndividualFreedom
Demands ofCommunity Life
spontaneity
self-fulfillment
discipline
organizationalhierarchy
Original Plans for New Harmony, IN
Original Plans for New Harmony, IN
Proposal by Owen
New Harmony in 1832
Abolitionist MovementAbolitionist Movement
• Create a free slave state in Liberia, WestAfrica
• No real anti-slavery sentiment in the North in the 1820s & 1830s
Gradualists Immediatists
Abolitionist MovementAbolitionist Movement•Until 1820s most abolitionists advocated resettlement
•1816 American Colonization Society created
Member certificate to American Colonization Society
Anti-Slavery AlphabetAnti-Slavery Alphabet
William Lloyd Garrison (1801-1879)
William Lloyd Garrison (1801-1879)
• Massachusetts newspaper editor
•
• Founded in 1831
The LiberatorThe Liberator
Premiere issue January 1, 1831
The Tree of Slavery—Loaded with the Sum of All Villanies!The Tree of Slavery—Loaded with the Sum of All Villanies!
Other White AbolitionistsOther White Abolitionists
Lewis Tappan
Arthur Tappan
James Birney
• Liberty Party• Ran for President
in 1840 & 1844
Black AbolitionistsBlack Abolitionists
David Walker(1785-1830)
1829 Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World
Fight for freedom rather than wait to be set free by whites
Frederick Douglass (1817-1895)
Frederick Douglass (1817-1895)
1845 The Narrative of the Life Of Frederick Douglass1847 published “The North Star”
Sojourner Truth (1787-1883)
or Isabella Baumfree
Sojourner Truth (1787-1883)
or Isabella Baumfree
1850 The Narrative of Sojourner Truth
Harriet Tubman(1820-1913)Harriet Tubman(1820-1913)
“Moses”
Leading Escaping Slaves Along the Underground
Railroad
Leading Escaping Slaves Along the Underground
Railroad
The Underground Railroad
The Underground Railroad
The Underground Railroad
The Underground Railroad• “Conductor” ==== leader of the
escape
• “Passengers” ==== escaping slaves
• “Tracks” ==== routes
• “Trains” ==== farm wagons transporting the escaping slaves
• “Depots” ==== safe houses to rest/sleep
Turner’s Rebellion
• • Led by Nat Turner• • 55-65 whites killed in the revolt• 200+ blacks killed
– 56 executed (including Turner)– 100-200 killed by militias and mobs
• Results:–
Slave Owners Defend Slavery•
– Ex. Servants should obey their masters– Slaves benefited from Christianity
• – Greece, Rome, Egypt
• – Paternalism of slaveowner – Compared to “wage slaves” in the North
• “ ” not just a “necessary evil”
• 1836-1844 “ ”– In response to numerous abolitionist petitions, Congress was prevented
from discussing slavery