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UTM – Thales Perspective

Enabling safe, secured and efficient UAV operations


Background

COMMERCIAL IN CONFIDENCE

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The Market Continues To Grow…

2.7B€ COMMERCIAL DRONES

---- 2016 GLOBAL----

PERSONAL DRONES

1.7B€

770K DRONES

REGISTERED IN USA

37K PURSUING

REMOTE PILOT CERTIFICATION

IN USA 7M DRONE

REGISTRATIONS ANTICIPATED

BY 2020 IN USA

3.6B€ COMMERCIAL DRONES

------ EST 2017 GLOBAL------

PERSONAL DRONES

2.3B€


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… While low altitude airspace Airspace Is Becoming A No Man’s Land…

Infringement of no fly area (airports, security infrastructures, etc…)

Air Prox/Miss

Crash of drones over buildings

Privacy issues

Malicious act


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… Driving authorities to regulate…

EASA Prototype Rule (foreseen entry into force in 2019) ● Geo-Fencing class 2 (permanent function) and class 3 (selectable function)

● Electronic Identification (ID, Localization) according to UAV category

French Law voted in October 2016 (entry into force 1st July 2018) ● Drones whose mass exceeds a threshold to be fixed between 0 and 800

grams have to carry an electronic or numerical reporting device.

● The device insure the issuing of ID and Localization information

Regulations are coming while the industry standards and concepts are not ready (yet?!)


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What Type of Commerc

Now Photography / Movies Building/Mining Progress Agriculture Critical Infrastructure examination Bushfire Surveillance

1 – 2 Years Tower Maintenance Traffic Watch Shark Watch News Reporting Police monitoring Crime Scene examination

3 – 6 Years Point to Many Packaged delivery House Delivery of packaged Pizza Delivery

4 – 8 Years Personal Air Transport Uber Drone

2 – 4 Years Point to Point Packaged delivery Medical Sample Delivery Transplant Delivery Package to pickup Point delivery


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… a very complex playground!

UAV characteristics ● From micro UAV(<1kg) to large UAV (>25kg)

● Performance

● Equipment

UAV operation patterns ● VLOS and E-VLOS

● BVLOS and long range BVLOS (>100km)

● Automatic flights and Manual Flights

UAV operation ● From agriculture in country side to parcel delivery in urban areas

One size can’t fit all!


Proposed approach


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Potential UTM Airspace Structure

CLASS C

CLASS G

CLASS E

CLASS G

CLASS A

8,500 ft

12,500 ft

18,000 ft

60,000 ft

1,500 ft

EMERGENCY

NORTH EAST

SOUTH

WEST

WORKING

UAS PRIORITY AIR SPACE

Levels allocated to direction of flight or specific corridors designated like “Roads in the sky”.

Line of Sight non Controlled

UAS Priority Airspace

Automatic approval of drone flights, airspace removal for manned flights when required, UAS Tracking in non line of sight airspace

Manual approval of UAS flights on a case by case basis, Flights tracked and reported to other uses.


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Cooperative surveillance is an enabler

Authorities ● Air situation (cooperative UAV discrimination)

● Detect and Alert (non-conformance)

Drone Operators ● Support their mission by providing local information

● Alert in case of unexpected event (UTM to Operator)

● Local information sharing (Operator to UTM)

Social acceptance (privacy concerns) ● Social sharing on drone flights

Cooperative surveillance actively contribute to safety, security,

efficient operations and societal acceptance


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Single solution vs Multiple solutions

A single solution fitting to all? ● Theoretically the most attractive approach

● But such solution does not exist today while it could lead to discriminatory effects

Multiple solutions according to operations, UAVs category and environment? ● Enable to adapt the on-board solution(s) to the business objective(s) of the

UAVs and its capabilities (payload, etc.)

● Enable authorities to tailor the requirement(s) to the risk(s)

The multiple solutions approach is pragmatic but require a particular standardization strategy


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Performance based standardization For Identification ● A single format or a set of interoperable format (between nations)

● Cyber secured (spoofing) and protected from malicious act (ID modification, etc.)

For Localization (ex: GPS) and Datalink (ex: 4G LTE Mobile Network) ● For each candidate localization technology , insure that, at least, the

following values are standardized (define class of performance?)

– Accuracy

– Latency

– Frequency

– Integrity (jamming, etc.)


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What will it look like?

In-flight phase ● An operator is flying lie of sight operations in line of sight airspace only will

identify his position.

● A UAV in UAS airspace will broadcast its ID and Position

● The UTM tracker receives the data and use the ID(UAS or Operator) to get the UAV characteristics (including its surveillance equipment and performance) from the registry

● Then, the system handles the fusion and does sanity checks (expected performance vs actual performance, airspace capacity)

The foreseen high level of UTM automation will handle the complexity induced by this multi-criteria approach


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In a nutshell

▌Multiple UAS types and Missions will need to be handled, BVLOS, VLOS, Commercial, Automatic flights, Hobbyist.

▌UAS or operators will be responsible for separation, UTM will be responsible for capacity management.

▌Drones will need to be tracked, with multiple solutions and requirements depending on the area and type of use.

▌Drone Classification, airspace classification and planning is needed to enable effective, efficient and safe drone operations.


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utm – thales perspective · enabling safe, secured and efficient uav operations . open background...

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