utk+jkuk - educreation · 2016. 2. 1. · iii utk+jkuk fqjkst+k vyh educreation publishing (since...

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uTk+jkuk

Sample Copy. Not For Distribution.

ii

Publishing-in-support-of,

EDUCREATION PUBLISHING

RZ 94, Sector - 6, Dwarka, New Delhi - 110075 Shubham Vihar, Mangla, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh - 495001

Website: www.educreation.in __________________________________________________

© Copyright, Author

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, manual, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written consent of its writer.

ISBN: 978-93-85247-53-8

Price: ` 195.00

The opinions/ contents expressed in this book are solely of the author and do not represent the opinions/ standings/ thoughts of Educreation.

Printed in India


iii

uTk+jkuk

fQjksT+k vyh

EDUCREATION PUBLISHING (Since 2011)

www.educreation.in


iv


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Yks[kd ifjp;

O ys[kd fQjkst vyh dk tUe firk Lo0 lxhj glu vkSj

ekrk Jherh vUlk:u fu'kk ds ;gk¡ gqvk FkkA mudk fookg

Jhefr 'kkghuk çohu ds lkFk gqvkA mUgsa orZeku esa lqi=h

Qjghu vyh vkSj lqiq= rkSlhQ lsgj dk lkSHkkX; izkIr gSA

ys[kd us lkfgR; vkSj i=dkfjrk {ks= esa v/;;u iw.kZ fd;k

gSA ikjaifjd f”k{kk esa mUgsa ch-,-¼vkWulZ½] ih-th- fMIyksek

¼tuZfyt+e ,.M ekldkWe½ dh fMxzh izkIr gSA mUgksaus cgqr

lh lkfgfR;d jpuk,¡] tSls dfork,¡ vkSj dgkfu;k¡ fy[kh gSaA

mudh izeq[k izdkf”kr jpuk,¡ gSa]

foHkkxh; if=dk

(i) vadqj vkSj (ii) ,d lax&,&ehy dk laEIkknu

dgkfu;ka vkSj dfork;sa

vkxkeh jpuk %&

Þesjs ?kj lsÞ

dforkvksa vkSj x+t+yksa dk laxzg

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izLrkouk

vT+kZ&o&bt+gkj

O fç; ikBdksa! ;g dgkuh esjs ,d toku dh vki chrh gS

blesas mldh ethZ ds vuqlkj jn~nks&cny fd;k x;k gSA

bl dgkuh dk tUe euq"; dh Lo;a dh ghu&Hkkouk ls xzLr

gksus vkSj ftUnxh ds fo'ks"k eksM ij nqfu;k dh Hkkx&nkSM+ esa

ifr&iRuh dk ,d nwljs dks egRo ugha nsus ds dkj.k gqvk

gSA bu fj'rksa dks egRo nsdj fcxMus ls cpk;k tk ldrk

gSA

bl dgkuh dks vkids le{k çLrqr djus esa

eksgunkl [kksiMkxMs] jkts'k 'kekZ] 'kSysUnz [kudk] lUnhi

'kekZ] fot; [kVkuk] eqjyh d`".ku] çrki pUnzu] lqjs'k

ckyu] vuh"k dqekj] fd'kksj dqekj] ,u0 ds0 fcLV vkSj

vuchVscy&64 lewg ds esjs lHkh nksLrksa us lg;ksx fd;k gSA

lkFk gh bls fy[kus esa esjh iRuh 'kkghuk dk Hkjiwj

lg;ksx feyk gSA

eSa vius nksLr vuqjkx jkt vkSj vuwi dqekj dk

e'kdwj g¡w ftUgksaus bldh uksd&iyd lq/kkjus esa ejh enn

dhA

vUr esa Educreation Publishing dh iwjh Vhe

/kU;okn ds ik= gSa ftUgksaus bls eUtj&,&vke rd

ykus esa esjk lkFk fn;kA

ckdh QSlyk vkids gkFk gS fd eSa dgk¡ rd

dke;kc jgk viuh dksf'k'k esaA

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vii

O ßcLrjÞ dh okfn;ksa dks gh

eafty cuk fn;kA

dkxt+ ds VqdM+s tksM+s vkSj

fny cuk fn;kA

gSjku uk gks dksbZ ;g]

ßut+jkukÞ ns[kdjA

eksgflu dh ;kn esa ,d

ukWcsy cuk fn;kA

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fQjkst+ vyh


viii


fQjksT+k vyh

1

____________________________________

tkyU/kj ls viuh cqfu;knh çf'k{k.k lekIr djus ds ckn

lqj{kkcy dh ,d cVkfy;u lqdek NŸkhlx<+ esa rSukr gksus

ds fy, rS;kj FkhA cVkfy;u ds lHkh tokuksa o muds

lkt&o&lkeku dks lqdek NŸkhlx<+ igq¡pkus ds fy,

Lis'ky Vªsu tkyU/kj dSUV jsyos LVs'ku ls jk;iqj ds fy,

cqd fd;k x;k Fkk & tks vius xUrO; ds fy, jokuk gks

pqdh FkhA tkus okys lHkh tokuksa ds eu esa vthc lh

gypy Fkh] muds ts+gu esa pyus okyh gypy tk;t Fkh

D;ksafd NŸkhlx<+ esa O;kIr uDlyokn dh leL;k vkSj ogk¡

gksus okyh çR;sd fnu dh dk;Zokfg;ksa ls lHkh toku Hkfy

Hkk¡fr voxr FksA

Vªsu esa lHkh toku vius dek.Mj }kjk fn, x;s

funsZ'kksa dk ikyu djrs gq, viuh fu/kkZfjr lhV ij cSB x,

FksA jSad vkSj mez ds vuqlkj NksVh&NksVh Vksfy;ksa esa cVdj

lHkh vyx&vyx rjhds ls Vkbe ikl dj jgs FksA

dgha jktuhfr ij ckrphr py jgh Fkh] rks dgha rk'k

[ksys tk jgs FksA fdlh xzqi us xkuk xkuk 'kq: fd;k Fkk] rks

dksbZ lewg eksckby ij xkus dk vkuUn ys jgk Fkk rks ,d

1


uT+kjkuk

2

fo'ks"k xzqi jkfxuh vyki jgk FkkA Vªsu ,d ds ckn nwljs

LVs'ku dks ikj djrh gqbZ vkxs c<+ jgh FkhA fdlh LVs'ku

ij vxj :drh Hkh rks FkksMh nsj ds fy, D;ksafd LVs'ku ij

Vªsu esa p<+us okyk dksbZ nwljk iSlsatj ugha gksrk Fkk] oSls Vªsu

esa cSBs tokukas dh NksVh NksVh Vksfy;ksa esa pyus okys dk;ZØe

fujUrj py jgs FksA

Vªsu ds ckgj LVs'ku ij [kM+s yksxksa dh HkhM+ dks ,slk

yxrk Fkk ekuksa ;s QkSth bZ'oj dh ,slh lajpuk gSa tks gj

çdkj dh [kq'kh o eLrh vius nkeu esa lesVs gq, gSaA

ns[kus okys dks dgha ls bl ckr dk ,glkl ugha gks

jgk Fkk fd] bu tokuksa dks Hkh dksbZ leL;k gS vkSj ;s Hkh

fpfUrr gks ldrs gSaA

Lkkfcj 06 lky igys vFkkZr~ 2009 esa blh tkyU/kj

ls viuh cqfu;knh çf'k{k.k lekIr djus ds ckn ikl vkmV

gqvk Fkk vkSj ,d cVkfy;u esa viuh lsok çnku djus ds

ckn ;gk¡ bl ubZ cVkfy;u esa crkSj fQftdy bUlVªDVj

iksLV gqvk FkkA bl rjg tyU/kj dh iksfLVax mlds fy,

u;h ugha FkhA

;gk¡ ;g mldh nwljh iksfLVax Fkh vkSj vc og Hkh

bl cVkfy;u ds lkFk lqdek NŸkhlx< esa ,UVh uDly

vkijs'ku ds fy, tk jgk FkkA

vius nksLrksa dh dk;Zokfg;ksa ls cs[kcj Lkkfcj vdsyk

f[kM+dh ds ikl cSBk ckgj dh rjQ ns[k jgk FkkA phtsa ihNs

Hkkxrh fn[k jgh Fkha] tcfd gdhdr esa Vªsu vkxs dh rjQ

tk jgh FkhA dk;Zokgh ,d gh Fkh] ysfdu fdruk vthc gS

,d gh pht dks nks rjg ls eglwl djukA

lkfcj ds gkFk esa eksckby Fkk vkSj og xSyjh esa lsOM

QksVksxzk¶l dks ns[k jgk FkkA


fQjksT+k vyh

3

rHkh OgkV~l ,Si~ ds ,d eSlst us mls gSjku dj

fn;kA ,d vUtkus uEcj ls ;g eSlst vk;k &

ßvLlkyke vySdqeÞA

igpkuk eq>s\

lkfcj us tokc Vkbi fd;k]

okysdqe vLLyke!

HkkbZ lkgc eSaus vkidks ugha igpkukA pw¡fd eSlst

iq:"k ;k efgyk fdl dh vksj ls vk;k gSA

;g irk ugha gksus dh fLFkfr esa çs"kd dks HkkbZ

lkgc fy[kuk lkfcj dks mfpr yxk bl fy, mlus HkkbZ

lkgc 'kCn ls lEcksf/kr fd;kA

fQj tokc vk;kA

ßg;kÞ

eSa g;k gw¡A

D;k vc Hkh ugha igpkuk\

mlus fQj tokc fn;k %

Hkyk dSls ugha igpkuw¡xkA

iwNk% dSlh gSa vki\


uT+kjkuk

4

vPNh & g;k us fy[kk vkSj lkfcj dks ls.M dj

fn;kA

Vªsu LVs'ku NksM+ pqdh Fkh vkSj rhoz xfr ls viuh

eafty dh vksj c<+ jgh FkhA Vsªu T;ksa gh iatkc ls ckgj

fudyh lkfcj ds eksckby us dke djuk cUn dj fn;k]

ysfdu lkfcj ckj&ckj eksckby dk usVodZ psd djrk jgkA

tc dgha usVodZ vkrk og g;k dk uEcj psd

djrk fd fQj dksbZ eSlst rks ugha vk;k] ysfdu mls gj

ckj ek;wlh gh gkFk yxrh] D;ksafd g;k dk LVsVl vkWQ

ykbu çnf'kZr dj jgk FkkA

bl nkSjku mlds ts+gu esa iqjkuh ckrsa fQYe ds

¶yS'kcSd lhu dh rjg 'kq: gks xbZ FkhA

g;k lkfcj ds nksLr 'kehe dh nwj dh fj'rsnkj Fkh

tks clUruxj ¼floku½ esa jgrh FkhA 'kehe dk ?kj Hkh mlh

ds eksgYys esa FkkA

lkfcj lkj;k¡] xksikyxat ¼fcgkj½ dk jgus okyk

FkkA eSfVªd dh ijh{kk ikl djus ds ckn lkfcj us vkxs dh

i<+kbZ ds fy, Mh-,-oh- dkWyst floku esa nkf[kyk ys fy;k]

p¡wfd og yksdy ,fj;s dk jgus okyk Fkk] blfy, mls

dkWyst ds gksLVy esa txg ugha fey ldkA blh otg ls

og ,d çkbosV ykWt esa jgdj i<kbZ djus yxkA

lkfcj dh nksLrh Hkh 'kehe ls blh nkSjku gqbZ FkhA

'kehe Hkh lkfcj dk Dykl esV Fkk vkSj fnu esa T;knk le;

,d lkFk O;rhr djus dh otg ls nksuksa dh nksLrh xgjh

gksrh pyh xbZA

Okg fnu lkfcj dh ftUnxh dk lcls vge fnu

Fkk] tc 'kehe lkfcj ds ykWt ij vk;kA


fQjksT+k vyh

5

ml le; lkfcj vius csM ij iMk fdrkc o

uksVcqd QSyk, viuh i<+kbZ esa O;Lr FkkA

D;k ckr gS] cgqr i<kbZ gks jgh g]S 'kehe us dejs

esa ?kqlrs gh lkfcj ls iwNkA

;kj! vHkh ,Xtke gksaus esa dkQh le; ckdh gaS vkSj

rqe vHkh ls D;ksa ikxy gq, tk jgs gks\ 'kehe us lkfcj ds

csM ij cSBrs gq, dgk lkfcj Hkh 'kehe dks ns[kdj eqLdqjkrs

gq, cksyk ;kj rqEgkjh rks rS;kjh gks pqdh gaS eSa Hkh dkSu lk

ges'kk i<+rk gw¡A

vkt cl FkksMh Qqjlr Fkh rks lkspk D;ksa uk dkWyst

ds iqjkus ysDpj Qs;j dj fy, tk,¡A

NksM+ks ;kj ysDpj vkSj i<+kbZ pyks esjs vady ds

;gk¡ pyrs gSa flQZ ,d ?k.Vs esa okil ykSV vk,axsA

Lkkfcj vius nksLr dh ckr Vky ugha ldk blfy,

i<+kbZ NksM+dj tYnh ls rS;kj gksus yxk vkSj nksuksa fudy

x,A nksuksa iSny pyrs gq, bZ/kj&m/kj dh ckrsa djrs gq,

vady ds ?kj dc igq¡p x, irk gh ugha pykA

'kehe us Mksjcsy ctk;k rHkh ,d yM+dh us njoktk

[kksyk vkSj lyke djrs gq, vUnj vkus ds fy, dgkA 'kehe

us lkfcj dks ifjp; djkus ds vUnkt esa crk;k fd] ;s esjh

dtu ßg;kÞ gS] blus blh lky eSfVªd dh ijh{kk nh gSA

g;k bu ckrksa dks ugha lqu ldh] og vUnj tk pqdh FkhA

og nksuksa Hkh vUnj nkf[ky gks x,A

ogka 'kehe dh vkUVh vkSj g;k dh nkuksas cM+h cgus

jft+;k vkSj lck ,d cM+s ls csM ij cSBh gqbZ FkhA 'kehe us

lcdks lyke fd;kA lkfcj Hkh 'kehe dh udy djrs gq,

lcdks lyke fd;kA 'kehe us lcls igys mu yksxksa ls


uT+kjkuk

6

lkfcj dk ifjp; djk;kA ;s esjk DyklesV vkSj nksLr

lkfcj gSA

vkxs 'kehe us dgk vki gSa & Þlck vihÞ budk

xsztq,'ku blh lky dEifyDV gqvk gSA ;s jft+;k vih

dgykrh gSa] xzstq,'ku lsds.M bZ;jA vUr esa ;g eksgrjeka gS

ßg;k thÞ tks fd] ges'kk fdrkcksa ds lkFk nhed dh rjg

yxha jgrh gSaA

budh eSfVªd dh ijh{kk vHkh ,d g¶rk igys gh

lekIr gqbZ gSA esjs vady MkW- eqthc ds uke ls tkus tkrs

gSaA fQj ;g essjh vkUVh gSa&fugk;r gh usd [kkrwu vkSj dqy

feykdj ;g gS] esjs vady dk NksVk lk ifjokj vkSj ,d

I;kjk lk lalkjA

g;k us iwNk & lkfcj vki Hkh Mh-,-oh- dkWyst esa

gh i<+rs gSaA lkfcj us lcdh rjQ eq[kkfrc gksrs gq, vius

ckjs esa crk;kA

eSa ;gha 'kehe ds lkFk Mh-,-oh- dkWyst esa gh bUVj

QLV bZ;j esa i< jgk gw¡A ckrksa dk flyflyk 'kq: gks pqdk

Fkk] vkUVh us lkfcj ls iwNk &

csVk rqe jgrs dgk¡ gks\

th vkUVh eSa ;gk¡ iM+ksl dh dkWyksuh ds vgen

ykWt esa jgrk gw¡A lkfcj us tokc fn;kA

oSls jgus okys dgk¡ ds gks\ g;k dh vkUVh us fQj

iwNkA

th vkUVh esjk ?kj xksikyxat ftyk esa iM+rk gSA


fQjksT+k vyh

7

csVk rqe 'kehe ds nksLr gks] blfy, esjs fy, rqe

'kehe tSls gh gks tc Hkh dksbZ ijs'kkuh gks ;k gekjh T+k:jr

gks rks gesa T+k:j crkuk vkSj bls viuk gh ?kj le>ukA

th vkUVh lkfcj us dgkA

rHkh g;k rhu di pk; ,d Vªs esa ysdj vk;hA

vkUVh us dgk yks csVk pk; yksA cgqr vPNh pk; cukrh gS

esjh g;kA

pk; ihus ds ckn lkfcj us 'kehe dks pyus dk

b'kkjk fd;k] fQj nksuksa tYnh gh [kMs+ gks x,A\

'kehe us dgk % vPNk vkUVh pyrs gSaA

Bhd gS vkrs jguk rqe rks ,d ckj tkrs gks rks

vkuk gh Hkwy tkrs gks vkSj gk¡ lkfcj csVk rqe Hkh vkrs

jgukA

T+k:j vkUVh nksuksa us ,d lkFk dgk vkSj lyke

djds py fn,A

g;k ds ?kj ls fudyus ds ckn 'kke gks pqdh Fkh

blfy, 'kehe us vius ?kj dk :[k fd;k vkSj b/kj lkfcj

us vius ykWt dkA

lkfcj dks cMk vPNk yx jgk FkkA og eu gh eu

lksp jgk Fkk pyks ;gk¡ dksbZ viuk rks fey x;kA fdruh

jkSud Fkh ml ?kj esa\ okLro esa cM+k vPNk yxk FkkA lkfcj

dks 'kehe ds vady ds ?kj tkdjA

lkfcj dks dksbZ pht ckj&ckj ;kn vk jgh Fkh] og

Fkh g;kA fdruh [kkl Fkh uk og ml ?kj esa] viuh cguksa


uT+kjkuk

8

esa] fcYdqy [kkl] dFFkbZ vka[kksa okyh nqcyh&iryh [kwclqjr

lh g;kA

irk uk D;ksa lkfcj ds eu esa vk jgk Fkk fd mls

g;k ds ?kj fQj tkuk pkfg,A

lkfcj vius ykWt ij igq¡p pqdk FkkA g;k ds ?kj

tkus dh otg ls mldk cgqr lkjk dke isfUMx gks x;k

FkkA blfy, og QVkQV mls iwjk fd;k vkSj [kkuk [kkus ds

ckn tYnh lks x;kA

vxys fnu 'kehe ls fQj eqykdkr gqbZA lkfcj us

vady ds ?kj dh ckr NsM+h og pkgrk Fkk fd] 'kehe fQj

ls vius vady ds ?kj tkus ds fy, rS;kj gks tk,] ysfdu

,slk dqN ugha gqvkA 'kehe rks nwljk fo"k; fy;s gq;s cSBk

FkkA

vxys fnu Dykl [kRe gksus ds ckn vpkud 'kehe

us dgk pyks lkfcj vady ds ?kj pyrs gSa] ogka ls dqN

uksV~l ysus gSaA lkfcj rks ;gh pkgrk gh FkkA ekSdk Hkh fey

x;k] fQj D;k Fkk] nksuksa g;k ds ?kj igq¡p x,A

?kj dk ekgkSy fcYdqy oSlk gh FkkA iqjjkSud gka

vc ifjp; dh T+k:jr ugha FkhA lkfcj dh f>>d [kRe gks

pqdh FkhA nksuksa us ?kj esa ?kqlrs gh lyke fd;k vkSj nhokj

ds lkFk yxs lksQs ij cSB x,A

ogka flQZ vkUVh Fkha g;k vkSj mldh nksuksa cgus

ckn esa vk;hA vkus ds ckn g;k us eqLdqjkrs gq, iwNk dSls gSa

vki yksx\ dc vk,\ lkfcj us tokc fn;kA

vHkh igq¡ps gSaA Bhd gS eSa vHkh vkbZ dgdj g;k

fdpu dh rjQ pyh xbZA


fQjksT+k vyh

9

'kehe us rHkh g;k dh cM+h cgu jft+;k ls dgkA

Ckkth eq>s mnwZ ds uksV~l pkfg, vki ns nsa rks ge

ftjkWDl djkdj okil dj nsaxsA

jft+;k us dgk fcYdqy] D;ksa ugha eSa rks rqe yksxksa

ls okil ekaxrh Hkh ugha] ysfdu bldh T+k:jr iM+rh jgrh

gS vkSj vkxs g;k dks Hkh rks bldh T+k:jr iM+sxhA ;g dgrs

gq, oks vYkekjh [kksydj uksV~l <wa<us yxh] rc rd g;k

pk; ysdj vk xbZA

jft+;k us uksV~l 'kehe dks fn;k vkSj dgk&ns[kks

cgqr esgur ls ;g uksV~l rS;kj fd;k gS] /;ku j[kukA rHkh

vkUVh cksy iM+ha] vjs rqe yksx ckrsa gh djrs jgksxsA pk;

B.Mh gks jgh gSA

pk; dh pqLdh ds nkSjku ckrksa dk flyflyk pyrk

jgkA ;gk¡ rd fd] pk; [kRe gks xbZ] ysfdu mudh ckrsa

[kRe gksus dk uke ugha ys jgha FkhaA

blh nkSjku g;k ds ekewtku dejs esa nkf[ky gq;sA

muds gkFk esa feBkbZ dk ,d MCck FkkA

vkrs gh mUgksaus [kq'k[kcjh lqukbZ fd] jft+;k dks tks

yM+ds okys ns[kdj x, Fks] mUgsa gekjh jft+;k ilUn vk xbZ

gS vkSj og yksx dy gh 'kknh dk fnu r; djus vk jgs gSaA

g;k dh vEeh us nqvk esa gkFk mBk;k vkSj dgk Þ;k

[kqnk rsjk yk[k yk[k 'kqØ gS vc ;s 'kknh vPNh rjg ls

iwjh djns esjs ekSykÞA

fQj D;k Fkk] lcds psgjs ij [kq'kh QSy xbZ vkSj

ikl gh cSBh jft+;k 'kekZ ds ogk¡ ls nwljs dejs esa Hkkx xbZA


uT+kjkuk

10

g;k us rHkh rikd ls cksyk] vkWih viuh 'kknh dh

ckr lqudj 'kekZ xbZaA ns[kk dSls psgjk yky fd;s ;gk¡ ls

Hkkxha gSaA bl ij lck tks fd] jft+;k ls NksVh vkSj g;k ls

cM+h Fkh us g;k dks ?kwj ds ns[kk vkSj dgkA

rqe viuh 'kknh dh ckr lqudj ogha cSBh jguk

vkSj gks lds rks esgeku ds lkFk gh vius llqjky pyh

tkukA cgqr le>nkj curh gS ;s g;k dh cPphA

g;k Hkh dgk¡ cnkZ'r djus okyh FkhA mlus dgk &

eSa vkidks FkksM+s gh uk dqN cksy jgh gw¡A vki D;ksa ijs'kku gks

jgh gS\

ekgkSy fcxM+us okyk gh Fkk fd] blh chp g;k dh

vEeh us lcdks pqi djkrs gq, cksyk & ;gk¡ brus lkjs dke

iM+s gq, gSa vkSj rqEgas etkd vkSj yM+kbZ lw> jgh gSA 'kke

gksus dks Fkh blfy, 'kehe vkSj lkfcj us tkus dh btkt+r

pkghA

rHkh vkUVh us dgk Bhd gS] ysfdu dy lqcg vk

tkuk] dy esgeku vk jgs gSaA csVk vki yksxksa dks gh lkjk

dke laHkkyuk gSA vdsys rqEgkjs vady ijs'kku gks tk,axsA

th vkUVh vki VsU'ku uk ys] ge dy lqcg gh

igq¡p tk,axsA vki cs fQØ jgsa lc dqN Bhd gksxkA

nksuksa us ,d lkFk dgk vkSj pys x,A vxys fnu

okns ds eqrkfcd le; ls 'kehe vkSj lkfcj g;k ds ?kj

igq¡p x,A g;k vius pwM+hnkj vkSj yEch deht okys diM+ksa

esa cgqr [kwclwjr yx jgh FkhA esgekuksa ds Lokxr ds fy,

lkjh rS;kjh 'kehe vkSj lkfcj us feydj eqdEey fd;kA

FkksM+h gh nsj esa esgeku vk x,A dqN vkSipkfjd ckrksa ds

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11

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