utilizing a spring as a kinetic regenerative braking system in vehicles eugene lee
TRANSCRIPT
Utilizing a Spring as a Utilizing a Spring as a Kinetic Regenerative Kinetic Regenerative
Braking System in Braking System in VehiclesVehicles
Eugene LeeEugene Lee
Source: US Department of Energy
Num
ber
of
cars
(m
illio
ns)
World Passenger Car Fleet, 1950-2004
Source: AAMA, DRI WEFA, Global Insight
3600 lb car at 60mph3600 lb car at 60mph587,320 Joules587,320 Joules
1.3 grams of gasoline1.3 grams of gasoline
World FleetWorld Fleet352,392 Gigajoules352,392 Gigajoules
253,700 gallons of fuel253,700 gallons of fuel
$659,620 worth of fuel$659,620 worth of fuel
4,921,780 pounds of CO4,921,780 pounds of CO22
9200 households for a year
NeedNeed
2850 g = gallon
Gallon = 19.4 lb of carbon dioxide
Vex RoboticsVex Robotics Vex Robots will be used to simulate a Vex Robots will be used to simulate a
vehiclevehicle
Model Design PlanModel Design Plan
Motor
Motor Motor
Wheels
Wheels
Vex RobotBatteryBattery
RatchetRatchet
Spring Spring Activator Activator MotorMotor
Rubber dots act Rubber dots act as Face Gearsas Face Gears
SpringSpring AxleAxle
Rack and Rack and Pinion GearsPinion Gears
Processing UnitProcessing Unit
Gear separates, Gear separates, allowing wheels allowing wheels to turnto turn
Turns Spring Turns Spring Activator MotorActivator Motor
Turns Movement Turns Movement MotorsMotors
Activate Activate MotorsMotors
‘‘Gears’ intermesh, Gears’ intermesh, causing the Spring to causing the Spring to spin on one endspin on one end
Spring attaches Spring attaches onto static gearonto static gear
Spring has tensionSpring has tension
Spring attaches Spring attaches onto wheel, onto wheel, releases energyreleases energy
Leonard et al (2003)Leonard et al (2003)– Tension spring modelTension spring model
Leonard, Peter; Resciniti, Michael; Peshkess, Adi; Leonard, Peter; Resciniti, Michael; Peshkess, Adi; Regenerative Braking SystemRegenerative Braking System; ME 59; 9-2003-02; ME 59; 9-2003-02
http://designscience.umich.edu/pdf%20files/APD-2003-04.pdf
Spring
PullingMechanism
GearTrain
Spring
PullingMechanism
GearTrain
Spring
PullingMechanism
GearTrain
Spring
PullingMechanism
GearTrain
Li et al (2008) Li et al (2008) – Torsion Spring setupTorsion Spring setup– Microcontroller and CVTMicrocontroller and CVT
Torsion SpringCVT
Accelerometer and MCU
Engine
Li, Chenghan; Wang, Cunzhe; Leng Pelie, Woo Pak; Wei, Thia; “Li, Chenghan; Wang, Cunzhe; Leng Pelie, Woo Pak; Wei, Thia; “Kinetic Energy Recovery System for VehiclesKinetic Energy Recovery System for Vehicles”; Nanyang ”; Nanyang Technological Institute, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; Technological Institute, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; 7 October, 20087 October, 2008
Martinez (et al 2008) Martinez (et al 2008) – flywheel regenerative modelflywheel regenerative model– Used braking patternsUsed braking patterns
Martinez-Gonzalez, Pablo; Diego-Ayala, Ulises; Pullen, Keith; Martinez-Gonzalez, Pablo; Diego-Ayala, Ulises; Pullen, Keith; A Simple Mechanical Transmission A Simple Mechanical Transmission System For Hybrid Vehicles Incorporating A Flywheel; City University of London; December 8, 2008System For Hybrid Vehicles Incorporating A Flywheel; City University of London; December 8, 2008
Source: US Environmental Protection Agency
Michael (et al, 2000)Michael (et al, 2000)– Used MATLAB to simulate Regenerative Braking in a Used MATLAB to simulate Regenerative Braking in a
vehiclevehicle– Also used braking patternsAlso used braking patterns
Panagiotidis, Michael; Delagrammatikas, George; Assanis, Dennis; Panagiotidis, Michael; Delagrammatikas, George; Assanis, Dennis; Development Development and Use of a Regenerative Braking Model for a Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicleand Use of a Regenerative Braking Model for a Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle ; The ; The University of Michigan, SAE 2000 World Congress; March 6, 2000University of Michigan, SAE 2000 World Congress; March 6, 2000
http://146.164.33.61/termo/Motores/trabalhos%2007/P2000_04.pdf
Figure 1. SIMULINK block diagram schematic of ADVISOR used in research
PurposePurpose
Save energySave energy Reduce CO2 emissionsReduce CO2 emissions Little cost Little cost Allow for smaller engine sizeAllow for smaller engine size
Engineering GoalsEngineering Goals
To create a working system that:To create a working system that:– successfully is able to use energy lost successfully is able to use energy lost
from braking to forward momentumfrom braking to forward momentum– allows for greater energy production allows for greater energy production
than energy lost through its frictionthan energy lost through its friction
BudgetBudget
VendorVendor Order #Order # Quantity Quantity DescriptionDescription PricePriceTotal Total priceprice
Vex RoboticsVex Robotics 276-2330-EASYC276-2330-EASYC 11 VEX RobotVEX Robot
Vex RoboticsVex Robotics 276-2184276-2184 11Advanced Advanced Gear KitGear Kit $19.99 $19.99 $19.99 $19.99
Vex RoboticsVex Robotics 276-2163276-2163 11 Motor KitMotor Kit $19.99 $19.99 $19.99 $19.99
Vex RoboticsVex Robotics 276-2162276-2162 11 Servo KitServo Kit $19.99 $19.99 $19.99 $19.99
Stock Drive Stock Drive ProductsProducts A 1B14-24012A 1B14-24012 22
Ratchet and Ratchet and PawlPawl $7.10 $7.10 $14.20 $14.20
TotalTotal $74.17$74.17
Available at schoolAvailable at school
https://sdp-si.com/eStore/Direct.asp?Exp1=38460&GroupID=473
FlowchartFlowchartVex RobotVex Robot MATLABMATLAB
With Equipment (friction +
weight)
Distance traveled / # of rotations
Energy captured
Compare two results, should not be significantly different from each other
Without Equipment (control)
With unattached Equipment (weight)
With Equipment (friction +
weight)
Without Equipment (control)
With unattached Equipment (weight)
n=100
Determine energy output of spring devicen=100 Determine energy output of spring device
Compare results, should not be significantly different from each other
Distance traveled / # of rotations
Distance traveled / # of rotations
Distance traveled / # of rotations
Compare spring output energy with spring energy losses
Analyze through SPSS after processing
Physical TestingPhysical Testing Computer SimulationComputer Simulation
Do-abilityDo-ability
VEX robot is easy to use and adjustVEX robot is easy to use and adjust
No large or costly materialsNo large or costly materials
Prior experience with programming and Prior experience with programming and other roboticsother robotics
Going to Stony Brook Engineering CampGoing to Stony Brook Engineering Camp
BibliographyBibliography Hewitt, Paul G.; Hewitt, Paul G.; Conceptual PhysicsConceptual Physics; New York: Addison Wesley; 2003; New York: Addison Wesley; 2003 Li, Chenghan; Wang, Cunzhe; Leng Pelie, Woo Pak; Wei, Thia; Li, Chenghan; Wang, Cunzhe; Leng Pelie, Woo Pak; Wei, Thia; Kinetic Kinetic
Energy Recovery System for VehiclesEnergy Recovery System for Vehicles; Nanyang Technological ; Nanyang Technological Institute, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Institute, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; 7 October, 2008Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; 7 October, 2008
Leonard, Peter; Resciniti, Michael; Peshkess, Adi; Leonard, Peter; Resciniti, Michael; Peshkess, Adi; Regenerative Regenerative Braking SystemBraking System; ME 59; 9-2003-02 ; ME 59; 9-2003-02
Kilcarr, Sean; Kilcarr, Sean; Shifting for fuel economyShifting for fuel economy; Fleet Owner; February 1, ; Fleet Owner; February 1, 20062006
Harrington, Winston; Harrington, Winston; A Lighter Tread? Policy and Technology Options A Lighter Tread? Policy and Technology Options for Motor Vehiclesfor Motor Vehicles; Environment; September 1, 2003; Volume 45 #9; ; Environment; September 1, 2003; Volume 45 #9; Page 22Page 22
Martinez, James; Martinez, James; Brake energy regeneration in F1 by 2009Brake energy regeneration in F1 by 2009; Motor ; Motor Authority; June 5, 2007; <http://www.motorauthority.com/brake-Authority; June 5, 2007; <http://www.motorauthority.com/brake-energy-regeneration-in-f1-by-2009.html>energy-regeneration-in-f1-by-2009.html>
Martinez-Gonzalez, Pablo; Diego-Ayala, Ulises; Pullen, Keith; Martinez-Gonzalez, Pablo; Diego-Ayala, Ulises; Pullen, Keith; A Simple A Simple Mechanical Transmission System For Hybrid Vehicles Incorporating A Mechanical Transmission System For Hybrid Vehicles Incorporating A Flywheel; City University of London; December 8, 2008Flywheel; City University of London; December 8, 2008
Ogando, Joseph; Ogando, Joseph; A different Kind of HybridA different Kind of Hybrid; Design News, July 16, ; Design News, July 16, 2007; Volume 62 #10; Page 752007; Volume 62 #10; Page 75
http://www.hevc08.org.uk/PDF/08.%20U.Diego-Ayala_HEVC08.pdf